Kula da strawberries a cikin kaka

Duk kula da strawberries (lambun strawberries) ga mazauna rani ya sauko zuwa aikin bazara - suna tsabtace shi daga tsoffin ganye, shayar da shi, ciyar da shi, sannan girbi da… manta game da shuka har sai bazara ta gaba. Manyan lambu suna kula da shuka a lokacin rani kuma - suna sake shayar da su, wani ya yanke ganye, kuma shi ke nan. Shin hakan mara kyau! A cikin kaka, strawberries kuma yana buƙatar kulawa sosai.

Babban aikin aikin kaka shine samar da strawberries tare da yanayi don kyakkyawan hunturu. Amma a nan yana da mahimmanci kada ku wuce gona da iri, saboda kulawa da yawa na iya yin wasa da ba'a.

Ciyar da strawberries a cikin kaka

A cikin kaka, ana amfani da takin phosphorus da takin potash a al'ada a lambu da lambun, kuma strawberries ba banda. Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa potassium yana da mummunar tasiri akan ingancin berries: sun zama ruwa, m ko m. Amma phosphorus, akasin haka, yana sa su zama mai yawa kuma mai dadi. Sabili da haka, ana ba da gudummawar phosphorus koyaushe, kuma ƙarancin potassium. Bugu da kari, adadin hadi na kaka (kowane murabba'in 1) ya dogara da shekarun shuka (1) (2).

Kafin saukowa (a tsakiyar watan Agusta) yi:

• humus ko takin - 4 kg (1/2 guga);
• phosphate dutse - 100 g (4 tablespoons) ko biyu superphosphate - 60 g (4 tablespoons);
• potassium sulfate - 50 g (2,5 tablespoons).

Duk waɗannan takin dole ne a warwatse a ko'ina a kan wurin kuma a haƙa a kan bayonet na shebur.

Bayan irin wannan cikar wurin don shekara ta 2 da 3, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani - ba a cikin kaka, ko a cikin bazara, ko lokacin rani ba.

Don shekara ta 3 (tsakiyar Oktoba) don strawberries, kuna buƙatar ƙara:

• humus ko takin - 2 kg (1/4 guga);
• biyu superphosphate - 100 g (1/2 kofin);
• potassium sulfate - 20 g (1 tablespoon).

Domin shekara ta 4 (tsakiyar Oktoba):

• biyu superphosphate - 100 g (1/2 kofin);
• potassium sulfate - 12 g (2 teaspoons).

A cikin shari'o'i biyu na ƙarshe, takin ya kamata a warwatse tsakanin layuka kuma a sanya shi cikin ƙasa tare da rake.

A cikin shekara ta 5 na rayuwa, yawan amfanin ƙasa na strawberries ya ragu sosai, don haka babu ma'ana a girma da shi - kuna buƙatar shimfiɗa sabon shuka.

Pruning strawberries a cikin kaka

Yawancin mazauna bazara suna son yanke ganyen strawberry. Ana yin wannan yawanci a farkon watan Agusta. Kuma a banza.

Gaskiyar ita ce, strawberries suna girma ganye sau uku a kowace kakar (1):

• a farkon bazara, lokacin da zafin iska ya kai 5 - 7 ° C - waɗannan ganye suna rayuwa har tsawon kwanaki 30-70, bayan haka sun mutu;
• a lokacin rani, nan da nan bayan girbi - su ma suna rayuwa kwanaki 30 - 70 kuma sun mutu;
• a cikin kaka, daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa farkon Oktoba - waɗannan ganye suna tafiya kafin hunturu.

Don haka, bazara da bazara ganye suna samar da kyakkyawan yanayin ciyawa na halitta ta kaka, wanda zai kare tushen daga daskarewa idan farkon hunturu sanyi amma dusar ƙanƙara. Idan kun yanke su a watan Agusta, ba za ku sami kariya ba kuma tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa.

Don wannan dalili, ba a ba da shawarar yin rake busassun ganye daga shuka a cikin kaka - ya kamata su kasance har sai bazara. Amma a cikin bazara, da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta girma, dole ne a cire su, domin su ne wurin kiwo don cututtuka. Koyaya, zaku iya, ba shakka, cire ganye da shuka strawberry ciyayi tare da 10 cm na peat, amma waɗannan ƙarin farashi ne na aiki, lokaci da kuɗi.

Amma abin da ya fi dacewa a yi a cikin kaka shine gyara gashin baki idan ba ku yi shi ba a lokacin rani. Domin aikin ya nuna cewa suna lalata shukar uwa sosai, suna rage taurin hunturu da yawan amfanin ƙasa (1).

Gudanar da strawberries a cikin kaka daga cututtuka da kwari

Daga cututtuka. Duk maganin cututtuka yawanci ana yin su ne bayan fure (3). Wato, strawberries na yau da kullun a hanya mai kyau dole ne a sarrafa su a lokacin rani. Amma remontant strawberries ba da 'ya'yan itace har zuwa marigayi kaka, sabili da haka yaki da cututtuka an canza zuwa Oktoba. A wannan lokaci, da shuka dole ne a disinfected da ruwa Bordeaux (1%) - 1 lita da 1 sq. m (4). Duk da haka, idan ba a yi kome ba tare da strawberries na yau da kullum, zaka iya yayyafa shi ma.

Dole ne a gudanar da magani na biyu a cikin bazara, kafin fure - kuma tare da ruwa na Bordeaux tare da ƙimar amfani iri ɗaya.

Daga kwari. Ba shi da ma'ana don yaki da kwari a cikin fall tare da taimakon sunadarai - sun riga sun ɓoye a cikin ƙasa don hunturu. Dole ne a gudanar da duk jiyya yayin lokacin girma.

Yin tono kaka na tazarar layi zuwa zurfin 15 cm zai iya rage adadin kwari - idan ba a karye ba, kwari da tsutsa za su sami kansu a cikin su kuma su daskare a cikin hunturu. Amma a nan wata matsala ta taso - ba za a sami kariya a cikin nau'i na ciyawa a kan shukar da aka haƙa ba, kuma ba kawai kwari ba, har ma da strawberries da kansu za su mutu a cikin sanyi maras sanyi. Kuma idan shafin yana mulched, to, kwari za su yi overwinter ba tare da matsala ba.

Strawberry shiri don hunturu

Don wasu dalilai, mazauna rani suna jin cewa strawberries suna da sanyi sosai, amma wannan labari ne. Tushenta suna mutuwa tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci (!) rage zafin ƙasa zuwa -8 ° C (1) (5). Kuma ganyayen hunturu da ƙaho (gajerun tsiro na wannan shekara, wanda aka ɗora buds furanni) sun lalace sosai a zazzabi na -10 ° C, kuma a -15 ° C sun mutu gaba ɗaya (1).

Mamaki? Kar ku yarda? Ku gaya mani, duk wannan zancen banza ne, saboda strawberries suna girma har ma a Arewa da Siberiya!? Ee, yana girma. Kun san dalili? Akwai dusar ƙanƙara da yawa a wurin. Kuma shine mafi kyawun kariya daga sanyi. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai tsayi 20 cm, wannan amfanin gona yana iya jure sanyi har zuwa -30 - 35 ° C (1).

Sabili da haka, babban abin da ake buƙatar yi a cikin fall shine tabbatar da kiyaye dusar ƙanƙara. Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce jefa buroshi a kan shuka. Ba ya yin burodi kuma baya barin iska ta share dusar ƙanƙara daga wurin.

Wani zaɓi mai kyau shine rufe gadaje tare da spruce ko rassan Pine (5). Wataƙila har ma da kauri mai kauri. Su da kansu suna ba da kariya daga sanyi, saboda yanayin iska yana samuwa a ƙarƙashinsu, wanda kuma ya hana ƙasa daga daskarewa da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, su ma suna da kyau wajen riƙe dusar ƙanƙara. A lokaci guda, tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin su ba sa mutuwa. Amma samun su ya fi wuya.

Wani lokaci ana ba da shawarar ciyawa strawberries tare da busassun ganye, amma wannan zaɓi ne mai haɗari. Haka ne, za su kare shuka daga sanyi, amma a cikin bazara za su iya zama matsala - idan ba a cire su a lokaci ba, da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, tsire-tsire na iya bushewa kuma su mutu. Yana da kyau don ciyawa tare da ganye idan kuna zaune a cikin gidan ƙasa - koyaushe zaku iya kama lokacin da ya dace, amma ga mazaunan bazara na karshen mako, musamman idan sun buɗe kakar a watan Afrilu, yana da kyau kada ku aiwatar da wannan hanyar - yana iya samun zafi a ciki. Maris da tsakiyar mako, kuma strawberries za a iya cutar da su sosai a cikin kwanaki 2 zuwa 3.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi magana game da fasali na kula da strawberry kaka da Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Tushen

1. Burmitrov AD Berry amfanin gona // Leningrad, gidan bugawa "Kolos", 1972 - 384 p.
2. Rubin SS Taki na 'ya'yan itace da berries amfanin gona // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. Grebenshchikov SK Reference Guide for shuka kariya ga lambu da lambu (2nd edition, bita da ƙari) / M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991 - 208 p.
4. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/bayanai-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
5. Korovin AI, Korovina ON Yanayi, lambun lambu da lambun mai son // L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990 - 232 p.