"Ku yi hankali da surutu!": Yadda ake kare jin ku da ruhin ku

A zamanin gurbataccen surutu, lokacin da muke rayuwa a cikin yanayi na amo na yau da kullun, musamman idan muna zaune a manyan birane, ya zama dole mu san yadda ake kula da ji, magance hayaniya a rayuwar yau da kullun da aiki. Masanin ilimin otolaryngologist Svetlana Ryabova ya yi magana game da bambanci tsakanin amo da sauti, wane matakin amo yana da illa, abin da ya kamata a kauce masa don kula da lafiya.

Duk abin da kuke so ku sani game da surutu

Don Allah za a iya bayyana menene bambancin amo da sauti? Menene iyakokin?

Sauti shine girgizar injina wanda ke yaduwa a cikin matsakaici na roba: iska, ruwa, jiki mai ƙarfi, kuma sashin ji na mu yana gane shi - kunne. Hayaniya sauti ne wanda canjin sautin sautin da kunne ke tsinkayi ya zama bazuwar kuma yana maimaita ta lokaci daban-daban. Don haka, hayaniya sauti ne da ke yin illa ga jikin ɗan adam.

Daga ra'ayi na ilimin lissafi, ƙananan, matsakaici da manyan sauti suna bambanta. Ƙwaƙwalwar murɗawa tana rufe babban kewayon mitar: daga 1 zuwa 16 Hz - sautunan da ba za a iya ji ba (infrasound); daga 16 zuwa 20 dubu Hz - sautunan da ake ji, kuma fiye da 20 dubu Hz - duban dan tayi. Yankin da aka tsinkayi sautuna, wato, iyakar mafi girman hankali na kunnen ɗan adam, yana tsakanin bakin kofa da ƙananan zafi kuma shine 130 dB. Matsalolin sauti a cikin wannan yanayin yana da girma sosai cewa ba a gane shi a matsayin sauti ba, amma kamar zafi.

Wadanne matakai ne ke haifar da kunnuwa / kunnen ciki lokacin da muka ji kara mara kyau?

Tsawon tsawaitawa yana yin illa ga gabobin ji, yana rage jin daɗin sauti. Wannan yana haifar da asarar ji da wuri ta nau'in tsinkayen sauti, wato, zuwa asarar ji na ji.

Idan mutum yana jin hayaniya akai-akai, shin hakan zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka na yau da kullun? Menene waɗannan cututtuka?

Amo yana da tasiri mai tarawa, wato, abubuwan motsa jiki, masu tarawa a cikin jiki, suna ƙara raunana tsarin jin tsoro. Idan sauti mai ƙarfi yana kewaye da mu kowace rana, alal misali, a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa, a hankali mutum ya daina jin shiru, ya rasa ji da sassauta tsarin juyayi.

Hayaniyar kewayon sauti yana haifar da raguwar hankali da haɓakar kurakurai yayin aiwatar da nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban. Hayaniya na lalata tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin adadin numfashi da bugun zuciya, yana ba da gudummawa ga rikice-rikice na rayuwa, faruwar cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan ciki, da hauhawar jini.

Shin hayaniya yana haifar da gajiya mai tsayi? Yadda za a magance shi?

Ee, bayyanuwa akai-akai ga surutu na iya sa ku ji gaji na dindindin. A cikin mutum a ƙarƙashin rinjayar m amo, barci yana da matukar damuwa, ya zama na sama. Bayan irin wannan mafarki, mutum yana jin gajiya kuma yana da ciwon kai. Rashin barci akai-akai yana haifar da aiki na yau da kullun.

Shin yanayin sauti mai ƙarfi zai iya haifar da mummunan hali na ɗan adam? Yaya wannan yake da alaƙa?

Ɗaya daga cikin sirrin nasarar kiɗan rock shine bullar abin da ake kira maye gurbi. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar amo daga 85 zuwa 90 dB, jin hankali yana raguwa a manyan mita, mafi mahimmanci ga jikin mutum, amo sama da 110 dB yana haifar da maye gurbi kuma, a sakamakon haka, zuwa zalunci.

Me ya sa ba a ƙara yin magana game da gurɓataccen hayaniya a Rasha?

Wataƙila saboda shekaru da yawa ba wanda ke sha'awar lafiyar jama'a. Dole ne mu ba da kyauta, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hankali ga wannan batu ya karu a Moscow. Misali, ana gudanar da aikin lambun da ake yi na Zoben Lambu, kuma ana gina gine-ginen kariya a kan manyan hanyoyi. An tabbatar da cewa wuraren kore suna rage matakin amon titi da 8-10 dB.

Gine-ginen zama ya kamata a "kusa da su" daga tituna ta hanyar 15-20 m, kuma yankin da ke kusa da su dole ne a yi shimfidar wuri. A yanzu haka, masu fafutukar kare muhalli suna tada hankali sosai kan batun tasirin hayaniya a jikin dan Adam. Kuma a cikin Rasha, kimiyya ta fara haɓaka, wanda ya daɗe yana aiki a cikin ƙasashe da dama na Turai, irin su Italiya, Jamus - Ecology Soundscape - ilimin halittu (ecology na yanayin sauti).

Shin za a iya cewa mutanen da ke cikin birni mai hayaniya sun fi waɗanda ke zaune a wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi muni?

Ee, za ku iya. An yi la'akari da cewa matakin amo a cikin rana shine 55 dB. Wannan matakin baya cutar da ji koda tare da bayyanawa akai-akai. Ana ɗaukar matakin amo yayin barci har zuwa 40 dB. Matsayin amo a cikin unguwanni da unguwannin da ke kan manyan hanyoyi ya kai 76,8 dB. Matakan amo da aka auna a wuraren zama tare da buɗe windows suna fuskantar manyan hanyoyi sun kasance ƙasa da 10-15 dB kawai.

Matsayin amo yana haɓaka tare da haɓakar birane (a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, matsakaicin ƙarar hayaniyar da ake fitarwa ta hanyar sufuri ya karu da 12-14 dB). Abin sha'awa shine, mutum a cikin yanayin halitta ba ya zama cikin cikakken shiru. Muna kewaye da surutun yanayi - sautin hawan igiyar ruwa, sautin daji, sautin rafi, kogi, ruwan ruwa, sautin iska a cikin kwazazzabo na dutse. Amma muna ganin duk waɗannan surutai a matsayin shiru. Haka jin mu ke aiki.

Domin jin "wajibi", kwakwalwarmu tana tace surutu na halitta. Don nazarin saurin hanyoyin tunani, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu ban sha'awa masu zuwa: masu aikin sa kai guda goma waɗanda suka yarda su shiga cikin wannan binciken an nemi su shiga aikin tunani zuwa sautuna daban-daban.

An buƙace shi don warware misalai 10 (daga tebur mai yawa, don ƙari da ragi tare da canzawa ta dozin, don nemo madaidaicin da ba a sani ba). Sakamakon lokacin da aka magance misalai 10 a cikin shiru an dauki shi azaman al'ada. An samu sakamako masu zuwa:

• Lokacin sauraron amo na rawar soja, aikin batutuwa ya ragu da 18,3-21,6%;
• Lokacin sauraron gunaguni na rafi da kuma waƙar tsuntsaye, kawai 2-5%;
• An sami sakamako mai ban mamaki lokacin kunna Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata": saurin kirgawa ya karu da 7%.

Wadannan alamomin suna nuna mana cewa nau'ikan sautuka daban-daban suna shafar mutum ta hanyoyi daban-daban: hayaniyar rawar jiki na rage saurin tafiyar da tunanin mutum da kusan kashi 20%, a zahiri hayaniyar dabi'a ba ta tsoma baki cikin tsarin tunani na mutum, da kuma saurare. don kwantar da hankulan kiɗa na gargajiya har ma yana da tasiri mai amfani a kan mu , yana ƙara haɓakar kwakwalwa.

Ta yaya ji ke canzawa akan lokaci? Yaya tsanani da tsanani jin zai iya lalacewa idan kuna zaune a cikin birni mai hayaniya?

Tare da tsarin rayuwa, asarar ji na dabi'a yana faruwa, abin da ake kira abu - presbycusis. Akwai ka'idoji don asarar ji a wasu mitoci bayan shekaru 50. Amma, tare da tasirin sauti akai-akai akan jijiyar cochlear (jijiya da ke da alhakin watsa sautin sauti), al'ada ta juya zuwa ilimin cututtuka. A cewar masana kimiyya na Austria, hayaniya a manyan biranen yana rage tsawon rayuwar ɗan adam da shekaru 8-12!

Hayaniyar wane yanayi ne ya fi cutar da gabobin ji, wato jiki?

Ƙarar ƙarfi, ƙarar kwatsam - harbin bindiga a kusa ko ƙarar injin jet - na iya lalata taimakon ji. A matsayina na likitancin otolaryngologist, sau da yawa nakan fuskanci mummunar asarar ji na jijiya - da gaske tashewar jijiyar ji - bayan harbin harbi ko farauta mai nasara, wani lokacin kuma bayan wasan kwaikwayo na dare.

A ƙarshe, waɗanne hanyoyi don ba da kunnuwan hutu kuke ba da shawarar?

Kamar yadda na fada, ya zama dole don kare kanku daga waƙa mai ƙarfi, iyakance kallon ku na shirye-shiryen talabijin. Lokacin yin aikin hayaniya, kowace sa'a kuna buƙatar tunawa don ɗaukar hutu na mintuna 10. Kula da ƙarar da kuke magana da shi, bai kamata ya cutar da ku ko mai shiga tsakani ba. Koyi don yin magana cikin nutsuwa idan kuna son yin magana da motsin rai sosai. Idan za ta yiwu, shakatawa a cikin yanayi sau da yawa - ta wannan hanyar za ku taimaka duka ji da tsarin juyayi.

Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin likitancin otolaryngologist, za ku iya yin sharhi game da yadda kuma a wane nau'i yana da hadari don sauraron kiɗa tare da belun kunne?

Babban matsalar sauraron kiɗa tare da belun kunne shine mutum baya iya sarrafa matakin ƙara. Wato yana iya ganinsa cewa waƙar tana yin shuru, amma a zahiri kusan decibel 100 ne a kunnuwansa. Sakamakon haka, matasa a yau sun fara samun matsalolin ji, da kuma lafiyar jiki gaba ɗaya, tun suna da shekaru 30.

Don guje wa haɓakar kurma, kuna buƙatar amfani da belun kunne masu inganci waɗanda ke hana shigar da ƙarar ƙara kuma don haka kawar da buƙatar ƙara sautin. Sautin kanta bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin matakin ba - 10 dB. Dole ne ku saurari kiɗa akan belun kunne na ƙasa da mintuna 30, sannan ku dakata na akalla mintuna 10.

Masu hana surutu

Yawancin mu suna kashe rabin rayuwarmu a ofis kuma ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a zauna tare da hayaniya a wurin aiki ba. Galina Carlson, darektan yanki na Jabra (kamfanin da ke samar da mafita ga nakasassun ji da kuma na'urar kai, wani ɓangare na GN Group da aka kafa 150 shekaru da suka wuce) a Rasha, our country, CIS da Jojiya, ya raba: "A cewar binciken da The Guardian ya yi. , saboda hayaniya da katsewar da ke biyo baya, ma'aikata suna yin asarar kusan mintuna 86 a rana."

A ƙasa akwai wasu shawarwari daga Galina Carlson kan yadda ma'aikata za su iya magance hayaniya a ofis da kuma mai da hankali sosai.

Matsar da kayan aiki gwargwadon iko

Printer, kwafi, na'urar daukar hotan takardu da fax suna nan a kowane sarari na ofis. Abin baƙin ciki, ba kowane kamfani ke tunanin nasarar nasarar waɗannan na'urori ba. Tabbatar da mai yanke shawara don tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki yana cikin kusurwa mafi nisa kuma baya haifar da ƙarin amo. Idan ba muna magana ne game da sararin samaniya ba, amma game da ƙananan ɗakuna daban, za ku iya gwada sanya na'urori masu hayaniya a cikin harabar ko kusa da liyafar.

Rike tarurrukan shiru kamar yadda zai yiwu

Sau da yawa tarurruka na gama gari suna da rudani, bayan haka shugaban zai yi zafi: abokan aiki sun katse juna, suna haifar da sauti mara kyau. Dole ne kowa ya koyi sauraron sauran mahalarta taron.

Kula da "ka'idojin tsabta na aiki"

Dole ne a sami hutu mai ma'ana a kowane aiki. Idan za ta yiwu, fita don numfashin iska, canza daga yanayi mai hayaniya - don haka za a rage nauyin da ke kan tsarin jin tsoro. Sai dai idan, ba shakka, ofishin ku yana kusa da babbar hanya, inda hayaniyar za ta cutar da ku sosai.

Tafi tsattsauran ra'ayi - gwada aiki daga gida a wasu lokuta

Idan al'adar kamfanin ku ta ba da izini, yi la'akari da yin aiki daga gida. Za ku yi mamakin yadda yake da sauƙi a gare ku don mayar da hankali kan ayyuka, saboda abokan aiki ba za su raba hankalin ku da tambayoyi daban-daban ba.

Zaɓi kiɗan da ya dace don maida hankali da shakatawa

Babu shakka, ba kawai "Moonlight Sonata" zai iya samun tasiri mai kyau akan maida hankali ba. Haɗa lissafin waƙa don lokutan da kuke buƙatar mayar da hankalin ku akan wani muhimmin al'amari. Ya kamata ya haɗa kiɗa mai ɗagawa, mai ban sha'awa tare da saurin lokaci, kuma ya haɗu tare da kiɗan tsaka tsaki. Saurari wannan "haɗuwa" na minti 90 (tare da hutu, wanda muka rubuta game da shi a baya).

Bayan haka, yayin hutun minti 20, zaɓi waƙoƙi biyu ko uku na yanayi - waƙoƙi masu buɗewa, tsayi, ƙananan sautuna da mitoci, ƙaramar ƙararrawa tare da ƙaranci.

Musanya bisa ga wannan makirci zai taimaka wa kwakwalwa don yin tunani sosai. Aikace-aikace na musamman waɗanda ke taimaka wa masu amfani su kiyaye ƙarar kiɗan da aka saita kuma ba za su iya cutar da jinsu ba.