Asbestosis cuta ce ta huhu na yau da kullun ( fibrosis na huhu) wanda ya haifar da tsayin daka ga filayen asbestos.

Asbestos ne na halitta hydrated calcium da magnesium silicate. An bayyana shi ta hanyar nau'in nau'in fibrous na wasu ma'adanai. An yi amfani da asbestos sau da yawa a aikin gine-gine da kuma masana'antar gine-gine har zuwa 1997.

Asbestos yana wakiltar haɗarin lafiya idan ya lalace, guntu ko huda, yana haifar da samuwar ƙura mai ɗauke da zaruruwan asbestos. Mutanen da aka fallasa za su iya shakar su don haka su zama tushen tasirin lafiya.

Lokacin da aka shakar ƙura, waɗannan filayen asbestos suna kaiwa huhu kuma suna iya haifar da lahani na dogon lokaci. Wannan kura da ta ƙunshi zaruruwan asbestos don haka cutarwa ce ga mutumin da ke hulɗa da ita. (1)

Don haɓakar asbestos, tsayin tsayin daka zuwa adadi mai yawa na zaruruwan asbestos ya zama dole.

Tsawaita bayyanar da adadi mai yawa na zaruruwan asbestos, duk da haka, ba shine kawai haɗarin haɓaka cutar ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rigakafin bayyanar da yawan jama'a ga wannan silicate na halitta yana da mahimmanci don guje wa duk wani haɗari na ci gaban ilimin cututtuka. (1)

Cutar tana da kumburin ƙwayar huhu.

Cuta ce da ba za a iya jurewa ba ba tare da samun maganin warkewa ba.

Halayen alamun asbestosis sune rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, tari mai tsayi, gajiya mai tsanani, saurin numfashi da ciwon kirji.

Wannan ilimin cututtuka na iya rinjayar rayuwar yau da kullum na marasa lafiya kuma ya haifar da wasu matsaloli. Wadannan rikice-rikice na iya zama m ga abin da abin ya shafa. (3)

Tsawaita bayyanar da adadi mai yawa na barbashi masu ɗauke da zaruruwan asbestos na iya haifar da asbestosis.

A cikin yanayin haɓakar asbestosis, waɗannan zaruruwa na iya haifar da lalacewa ga huhu (fibrosis) kuma haifar da haɓakar wasu alamomin halayen: (1).

- ƙarancin numfashi wanda zai iya bayyana bayan aikin jiki da farko sannan kuma ya ci gaba a hankali a cikin dakika;

- tari mai tsayi;

- numfashi;

- gajiya mai tsanani;

- ciwon kirji;

– kumburi a yatsa.

A halin yanzu ganewar asali na mutanen da ke da asbestos sau da yawa ana danganta su da na yau da kullun da kuma tsayin daka ga filayen asbestos. Yawancin lokaci, fallasa suna da alaƙa da wurin aiki na mutum.

Mutanen da ke da irin wannan alamar da suka yi fama da ciwon asbestos a baya an shawarce su sosai da su tuntuɓi likitan su don gano cutar.

Asbestosis cuta ce da ke tasowa bayan shayarwa akai-akai zuwa adadi mai yawa na zaruruwan asbestos.

Bayyanawa yawanci yana faruwa a wurin aiki na batun. Wasu sassa na ayyuka na iya shafar lamarin. An yi amfani da Asbestos na dogon lokaci a cikin gine-gine, gine-gine da kuma hakar ma'adinai. (1)

A cikin kwayar halitta mai lafiya, yayin saduwa da jikin waje (a nan, lokacin shakar ƙurar da ke dauke da asbestos fibers), sel na tsarin rigakafi (macrophages) suna ba da damar yin yaki da shi. da kuma hana shi shiga cikin jini da wasu muhimman gabobin jiki (huhu, zuciya, da sauransu).

A cikin yanayin shakar asbestos fibers, macrophages suna da matukar wahala wajen kawar da su daga jiki. Ta hanyar son kai hari da lalata filayen asbestos da aka shaka, macrophages suna lalata alveoli na huhu (kananan jakunkuna da ke cikin huhu). Wadannan raunuka na alveolar da tsarin garkuwar jiki ke haifarwa shine halayyar cutar.

Wadannan alveoli suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen isar da iskar oxygen a cikin jiki. Suna ba da izinin shigar da iskar oxygen cikin jini da sakin carbon dioxide.

A cikin mahallin da alveoli ya ji rauni ko lalacewa, wannan tsari na daidaita iskar gas a cikin jiki yana shafar kuma alamun bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana: gajeriyar numfashi, numfashi, da dai sauransu (1).

Wasu ƙarin takamaiman alamomi da cututtuka na iya haɗawa da asbestosis, kamar: (2)

- calcification na pleura forming pleural plaques (tarin da lemun tsami adibas a cikin membrane rufe huhu);

- m mesothelium (ciwon daji na pleura) wanda zai iya haɓaka shekaru 20 zuwa 40 bayan bayyanar cututtuka na asbestos na yau da kullum;

- zubar da jini, wanda shine kasancewar ruwa a cikin pleura;

– ciwon huhu.

Mummunan cutar yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsawon lokacin da ake kamuwa da zaruruwan asbestos da adadin waɗanda aka shaka. Takamaiman alamun asbestosis gabaɗaya suna bayyana kusan shekaru 2 bayan fallasa ga fibers na asbestos. (XNUMX)

Abubuwan da aka tsara na yanzu suna ba da damar rage bayyanar jama'a zuwa asbestos ta hanyar sarrafawa, jiyya da sa ido, musamman don tsofaffin kayan aiki. Haramcin amfani da asbestos a fannin gine-gine shine batun wata doka da ta fara aiki tun shekara ta 1996.

Babban abin haɗari don haɓaka asbestosis shine na yau da kullun (dogon lokaci) fallasa ga ɗimbin ƙurar da ke ɗauke da zaruruwan asbestos. Fitarwa na faruwa ne ta hanyar shakar ƙananan ɓangarorin da ke cikin nau'in ƙura, lalacewar gine-gine, hakar ma'adinai, da makamantansu.

Shan taba wani ƙarin haɗarin haɗari ne don haɓakar wannan cututtukan. (2)

Kashi na farko na ganewar asali na asbestosis shine shawarwari tare da babban likita, wanda a lokacin bincikensa, ya gane kasancewar a cikin batun alamun cututtuka na cutar.

A kan bangon wannan cuta da ke shafar huhu, lokacin da aka gano shi tare da stethoscope, suna fitar da sautin fashewa.

Bugu da ƙari, an bayyana ma'anar ganewar asali ta hanyar amsoshi akan tarihin yanayin aiki na batun, akan yiwuwar lokacin da za a iya nunawa ga asbestos, da dai sauransu (1)

Idan ana zargin ci gaban asbestosis, yin shawarwari tare da likitan huhu ya zama dole don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Ana yin ganewar cututtukan huhu ta amfani da: (1)

- x-ray na huhu don gano rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin huhu;

- na'urar daukar hoto na huhu (CT). Wannan hanyar hangen nesa tana ba da ƙarin cikakkun hotuna na huhu, pleura (ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye da huhu) da kuma rami na pleural. Binciken CT yana nuna rashin daidaituwa a fili a cikin huhu.

- Gwajin huhu yana ba da damar tantance tasirin lalacewa ga huhu, don ƙayyade yawan iskar da ke cikin alveoli na huhu da kuma samun ra'ayi na hanyar iska daga membrane na huhu. huhu zuwa jini.

Ya zuwa yau, babu maganin warkewa ga cutar. Duk da haka, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don rage sakamakon cututtukan cututtuka, ƙayyade alamun da inganta rayuwar yau da kullum na marasa lafiya.

Kamar yadda taba shine ƙarin abubuwan haɗari don haɓaka cutar da kuma mummunan yanayin bayyanar cututtuka, ana ba da shawarar marasa lafiya masu shan taba su daina shan taba. Don wannan, akwai mafita kamar hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko magunguna.

Bugu da ƙari, a gaban asbestosis, saboda haka huhun abin da ake magana da shi ya fi dacewa kuma ya fi dacewa da ci gaban cututtuka.

Don haka yana da kyau majiyyaci ya kasance da zamani da alluran rigakafinsa na musamman waɗanda ke da alhakin mura ko ma ciwon huhu. (1)

A cikin nau'ikan cutar mai tsanani, jikin abin ba zai iya yin wasu ayyuka masu mahimmanci yadda ya kamata ba. A wannan ma'anar, ana iya ba da shawarar maganin oxygen idan matakin oxygen a cikin jini ya yi ƙasa da na al'ada.

Gabaɗaya, marasa lafiya da asbestosis ba sa amfana daga takamaiman jiyya.

A gefe guda kuma, a cikin yanayin kasancewar wasu yanayi na huhu, irin su Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar (COPD), ana iya ba da magunguna.

Mafi tsanani lokuta na iya amfana daga magunguna kamar ƙananan allurai na morphine don rage ƙarancin numfashi da tari. Bugu da kari, illa masu illa (sakamakon illa) ga wadannan kananan allurai na morphine galibi ana iya gani: maƙarƙashiya, tasirin laxative, da sauransu (1).

Daga mahangar rigakafi, mutanen da aka fallasa su na tsawon shekaru sama da 10 dole ne su kasance suna lura da huhu na rediyo a kowace shekara 3 zuwa 5 don gano duk wata cuta da ke da alaƙa da sauri da wuri.

Bugu da kari, ragewa ko ma daina shan taba yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu sosai. (2)