Anastomosis yana nufin sadarwa tsakanin jijiyoyi da yawa, ko tasoshin jini da yawa, ko kuma tsakanin tasoshin lymphatic da yawa. Suna ba da izini, lokacin da aka toshe babban hanyar tasoshin jini, don ba da hanyoyin zagayawa na biyu na jini. Aikinsa shine ya kara zagayawa, samar da wata sabuwar hanya da ake kira rikidar jini. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a tabbatar da ban ruwa na gabobin jiki, lokacin da babban hanyar jini ya daina aiki.

Ma'anar anastomosis

Anastomosis yana nufin sassan jiki waɗanda ke ba da damar sadarwa tsakanin jijiyoyi da yawa, jini da yawa, ko ma tasoshin lymphatic da yawa. Suna ba da damar, game da hanyoyin jini, ba da jigilar jini hanya ta biyu don ban ruwa ga gabobin, da zarar an sami toshe babbar hanyar. A tsawo, saboda haka za mu iya cewa anastomosis shine haɗin kai tsakanin raƙuman ruwa guda biyu na yanayi ɗaya, wato tsakanin tsarin tubular guda biyu masu aiki iri ɗaya.

Ina anastomoses suke?

Wasu arteries da yawa suna ba da mafi yawan kyallen takarda. Lokacin da rassan daya ko fiye na arteries suka taru, suna haifar da abin da ake kira anastomosis. Ana iya samun waɗannan anastomoses a cikin gabobin jiki da yawa, kuma suna da tsari mai kama da na hanyoyin jini ko ducts da suke haɗuwa.

Menene anastomosis da aka yi?

Don haka, wadannan anastomoses suna da tsarin mulki iri daya da hanyoyin jini, ko jijiyoyi, ko jijiyoyi, ko tasoshin lymphatic da suke haɗuwa tare: su bututu ne ko magudanar ruwa, saboda haka lumen ya samar da shi, watau ramin da ruwa ke kewayawa (kamar jini ko lymph). ), da kuma sel da ke kewaye da shi, musamman ga magudanar jini, bangon da ya ƙunshi sel wanda ake kira endothelial, ya baci sosai.

Har ila yau, capillary na jini ya ƙunshi sassa uku:

• madauki capillary, wanda ake amfani dashi don musayar metabolism;
• metarteriole (sashe na ƙarshe na arteriole, ko ƙananan jijiya), yana tabbatar da dawowar jinin jini;
• da anastomosis, wanda ke ninka wannan metarteriole, kuma yana buɗewa kawai lokacin da ake bukata.

Hakanan akwai tsarin anastomoses a matakin kwakwalwa: wannan shine polygon Willis.

Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi anastomoses ta tiyata, wannan shine lamarin musamman tare da colostomy, wanda ke ba da damar hanji ya isa cikin ciki.

Madadin hanyoyin ban ruwa na nama

Matsayin anastomoses na arterial shine ƙirƙirar madadin hanyoyin, don haka maye gurbin arteries lokacin da aka toshe su. Sannan suna ba da damar kula da ban ruwa na nama.

Don haka, dalilai da yawa na iya dakatar da kwararar jini na ɗan gajeren lokaci, misali:

• yayin motsi na yau da kullun yana matsawa jirgin ruwa;
• idan an toshe magudanar jini, saboda rashin lafiya ko rauni, ko lokacin tiyata.

Ba lallai ba ne a katse zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, kawai godiya ga waɗannan hanyoyin da suka maye gurbinsu, waɗanda ke zama hanyoyin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa.

Polygon na Willis: vascularization na kwakwalwa

Polygon na Willis yana tabbatar da vascularization na kwakwalwa. Yana da game da da'irar arterial located a gindin kwakwalwa, kuma shi ma tsarin anastomotic ne, saboda haka na maye gurbin. Don haka yana ba da jini ga kwakwalwa koda daya daga cikin arteries da ke cikin kwakwalwa ya lalace ko kuma ya toshe.

Arteries ba tare da anastomoses: arteries na ƙarshe

Akwai arteries waɗanda ba su da anastomoses: ana kiran su arteries na ƙarshe. A gaskiya ma, ba ilimin cututtuka ba ne ko kuma anomaly. To sai dai idan aka toshe zagayawan wadannan jijiyoyi ba tare da anastomosis ba, sai an daina ban ruwa na gaba daya bangaren gabobin da ke haifar da necrosis, wato mutuwar wannan bangaren. Wani lokaci, zagayawa na haɗin gwiwa kuma na iya wucewa ta tasoshin jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke ba da wannan sashin gabobin.

Malformations anevrysmales

The Willis polygon ne wurin zama, mafi sau da yawa, na aneurysm malformations, watau anastomosis anomalies, wanda su ne dilation forming irin balloons, Aljihuna na jini, wanda aka located a cikin cerebral arteries, yafi a matakin daga reshe. Aneurysm yana shafar 1 zuwa 4% na yawan jama'a, haɗarin fashewa yana da ƙasa sosai amma lamari ne mai tsanani, mai yiwuwa mai mutuwa.

A matakin tsoma baki, anastomoses ana iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar dabarun tiyata, musamman yanayin anastomosis tsakanin hanji da ciki, wanda ake kira colostomy, wanda mutum yayi aiki misali a cikin yanayin necrosis a matakin matakin. hanji, ko na anastomosis tsakanin sassa biyu na hanji, bayan resection (ablation) na wani yanki na necrotic na hanji, sau da yawa yana biye da ciwon daji wanda ke haifar da necrosis, ko ƙari.

Angiography shine gwajin x-ray wanda ke ba ku damar ganin tasoshin jini. Likitan rediyo ko likitan dabbobi ne ke aiwatar da shi, zai ba da damar gano abubuwan da ba su da kyau a cikin jini. Wannan jarrabawa ta haka yana ba da damar samun hotunan magudanar jini waɗanda ba za a iya gani a kan X-ray mai sauƙi ba. 

• A maimakon vascularization anomalies a cikin kansu da za a nema (misali, anomalies a matakin na jijiyoyin jini arteries, ko a matakin venous cibiyar sadarwa na kafafu) fiye da na anastomoses da kansu, wanda ayan rama wadannan abnormalities. na kafafu. nama ban ruwa.
• Hakanan za'a iya gano rashin lafiyar aneurysm, musamman ta MRI. An ba da izini mai kyau na ilimin jijiyar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar godiya ga ci gaba a cikin hoto, irin su arteriography, MRI saboda haka, ko ma da ƙididdiga (scanner), tare da ko ba tare da allurar samfurin bambanci ba.