Ahimsa yana nufin "rashin tashin hankali". Tsawon shekaru dubbai, wannan ra'ayi ya zaburar da ƙungiyoyin tsafi na gabas da yawa ciki har da addinin Hindu. A yau a cikin al'ummarmu na yamma, rashin tashin hankali mataki ne na farko akan hanyar zuwa yanayin yoga.

Ra'ayi na lumana

Kalmar "Ahimsa" a zahiri tana nufin "rashin tashin hankali" a cikin Sanskrit. An taɓa yin wannan yaren Indo-Turai a cikin yankin Indiya. Ya rage a yi amfani da shi a cikin rubutun addinin Hindu da na Buddha azaman harshen liturgical. Hakazalika, "himsa" yana fassara zuwa "aiki don haifar da lalacewa" kuma "a" prefix ne na sirri. Ahimsa ra'ayi ne na zaman lafiya wanda ke ƙarfafa kada a cutar da wasu ko wani mai rai.

Ra'ayi na addini da na gabas

Ahimsa ra'ayi ne wanda ya zaburar da igiyoyin addini na gabas da yawa. Wannan shine farkon lamarin Hindu wanda shine daya daga cikin tsoffin addinan mushrikai a duniya (an rubuta rubutun kafuwar tsakanin 1500 zuwa 600 BC). Ƙasar Indiya ta kasance a yau babbar cibiyar yawan jama'a kuma ta kasance addini na uku da aka fi aiwatar da shi a duniya. A cikin addinin Hindu, Allah Ahimsa, matar Allah Dharma kuma mahaifiyar Allah Vishnu ne ke bayyana rashin tashin hankali. Rashin tashin hankali shine farkon dokokin biyar waɗanda yogi (Hindu ascetic wanda ke yin yoga) dole ne ya sallama. Yawancin upanishads ( rubutun addinin Hindu) suna magana akan rashin tashin hankali. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma bayyana Ahimsa a cikin rubutun kafa al'adar Hindu: Dokokin Manu, amma kuma a cikin lissafin tatsuniyoyi na Hindu (irin su almara na Mahabharata da Râmâyana).

Ahimsa kuma babban ra'ayi ne na Jainism. An haifi wannan addini a Indiya a kusan karni na XNUMX BC. J.-Cet ya rabu da Hindu domin ba ta gane wani allah a wajen wayewar mutum ba.

Ahimsa kuma yana ƙarfafa addinin Buddha. Wannan addinin agnostic (wanda bai dogara da wanzuwar allahntaka ba) ya samo asali ne a Indiya a karni na XNUMX BC. AD Siddhartha Gautama ne ya kafa shi wanda aka sani da "Buddha", shugaban ruhaniya na al'ummar sufaye masu yawo waɗanda zasu haifi addinin Buddha. Wannan addini ya zuwa yau shi ne na hudu mafi yawan addini a duniya. Ahimsa baya bayyana a cikin tsoffin litattafan addinin Buddha, amma ana nuna rashin tashin hankali a can.

Ahimsa kuma yana cikin zuciyar Sikhism (Addinin tauhidi na Indiya wanda ya fito a shekara 15^st karni): Kabir ne, wani mawaƙin Indiya mai hikima wanda har yanzu wasu mabiya addinin Hindu da musulmi ke girmamawa har yau. A ƙarshe, rashin tashin hankali ra'ayi ne na sufism (wani halin yanzu na esoteric da sufanci na Musulunci).

Kada ku ji rauni

Ga masu yin addinin Hindu (musamman yogis), rashin tashin hankali ya ƙunshi rashin cutar da ɗabi'a ko ta jiki mai rai. Wannan yana nufin kauracewa tashin hankali ta hanyar ayyuka, kalmomi amma kuma ta mugayen tunani.

Kiyaye kamun kai

Ga Jains, rashin tashin hankali yana zuwa ga ra'ayi na kai kai tsaye : da iko kai yana bawa ɗan adam damar kawar da “karma” ɗinsa (wanda aka ayyana a matsayin kura da za ta gurɓata ruhin mumini) kuma ya kai ga farkarsa ta ruhaniya (wanda ake kira “moksha”). Ahimsa ya ƙunshi nisantar tashin hankali iri 4: tashin hankali na bazata ko na ganganci, tashin hankali na tsaro (wanda zai iya zama barata), tashin hankali a cikin aikin mutum ko ayyukansa, tashin hankali na ganganci (wanda shine mafi muni).

Kada ku kashe

Mabiya addinin Buddah sun ayyana rashin tashin hankali a matsayin rashin kashe mai rai. Suna yin Allah wadai da zubar da ciki da kashe kansa. Koyaya, wasu matani suna jure yaƙi a matsayin aikin tsaro. Addinin Buddha na Mahayana ya ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da ainihin niyyar kashe mutane.

Hakazalika, Jainism kuma yana gayyatar ku da ku guji amfani da fitilu ko kyandir don haskakawa a cikin haɗarin jawowa da kona kwari. A bisa wannan addini, ya kamata a takaita ranar muminai a lokutan faduwar rana da fitowar rana.

Fada cikin lumana

A Yamma, rashin tashin hankali ra'ayi ne da ya yadu daga fadace-fadacen 'yan lumana (wanda ba sa amfani da hanyar tashin hankali) da nuna wariya daga masu siyasa irin su Mahatma Ghandi (1869-1948) ko Martin Luther King (1929-1968). Ahimsa har yanzu yana yaduwa a duk faɗin duniya a yau ta hanyar yin yoga ko salon salon cin ganyayyaki (cin rashin tashin hankali).

Yogi abinci

A cikin addinin Hindu, da veganiyanci ba wajibi ba ne amma ya kasance ba a raba shi da kyakkyawar kiyaye Ahimsa. Clémentine Erpicum, malami kuma mai sha'awar yoga, ta yi bayani a cikin littafinta Abincin Yogi, menene abincin yogi: ” Cin yoga yana nufin cin abinci a cikin tunani na rashin tashin hankali: fifita abincin da ke da tasiri mai amfani ga lafiya amma wanda ke kiyaye muhalli da sauran halittu masu rai gwargwadon yiwuwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin yogists - ni kaina - na zaɓi cin ganyayyaki," in ji ta.

Duk da haka, ta cancanci kalamanta ta wajen bayyana cewa dole ne kowa ya yi aiki daidai da zurfafan imaninsa: “yoga ba ya tilasta wani abu. Falsafa ce ta yau da kullun, wacce ta kunshi daidaita dabi'u da ayyukanta. Ya rage ga kowa da kowa ya ɗauki alhakinsa, kiyaye kansa (shin waɗannan abincin suna yi mini kyau, cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da dogon lokaci?), Kula da muhallin su (shin waɗannan abincin suna cutar da lafiyar duniya, na sauran halittu masu rai?)… ".

Cin ganyayyaki da azumi, ayyukan rashin tashin hankali

A cewar Jainism, Ahimsa yana ƙarfafa cin ganyayyaki: yana nufin kada ku cinye kayan dabba. Amma rashin tashin hankali kuma yana ƙarfafa guje wa cin tushen da zai iya kashe shukar. A ƙarshe, wasu Jain sun yi mutuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali (wato ta hanyar dakatar da abinci ko azumi) idan sun tsufa ko kuma rashin lafiya.

Sauran addinai kuma suna ƙarfafa cin abinci mara ƙarfi ta hanyar cin ganyayyaki ko cin ganyayyaki. Addinin Buddha yana jure wa cin dabbobin da ba a kashe su da gangan ba. Masu aikin Sikh suna adawa da cin nama da ƙwai.

Ahimsa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai biyar na zamantakewa (ko Yamas) wanda ya dogara da aikin yoga da kuma daidai da raja yoga (wanda ake kira yoga ashtanga). Baya ga rashin tashin hankali, waɗannan ka'idodin sune:

• gaskiya (satya) ko kasancewa na kwarai;
• gaskiyar rashin sata (asteya);
• kamewa ko nisantar duk wani abu da zai iya dauke min hankali (brahmacarya);
• rashin mallaka ko rashin kwadayi;
• kuma kar in dauki abin da bana bukata (aparigraha).

Ahimsa kuma ra'ayi ne da ke zaburar da Halta Yoga wanda horo ne wanda ya ƙunshi jerin matakai masu laushi (Asanas) waɗanda dole ne a kiyaye su, gami da sarrafa numfashi (Pranayama) da yanayin tunani (samuwa a cikin zuzzurfan tunani).