Alexithymia cuta ce ta ka'idojin motsin rai, ana lura da ita sosai a cikin cututtukan psychosomatic. Tana bayyana kanta cikin tsananin wahala wajen ganowa da bayyana yadda yake ji da na wasu. Alexithymia kuma yana shiga cikin matsalolin tunani iri-iri, irin su baƙin ciki da schizophrenia. Cutar tana shafar kusan kashi 10% na yawan jama'a.

Ma'anar alexithymia

Alexithymia cuta ce ta ka'idojin motsin rai, ana lura da ita sosai a cikin cututtukan psychosomatic. Tana bayyana kanta cikin tsananin wahala wajen ganowa da bayyana yadda yake ji da na wasu.

Ana iya taƙaita Alexithymia a cikin manyan bayyanar cututtuka guda huɗu:

• Rashin iya furta motsin rai ko ji;
• Iyakancin rayuwar tunanin;
• Halin ɗaukar mataki don gujewa da warware rikice-rikice;
• Cikakken bayanin gaskiya, abubuwan da suka faru, alamun jiki.

Kalmar alexithymia neologism - a = rashi, lexis = kalma, thymos = yanayi, tasiri, jin dadi, motsin rai - wanda masanin ilimin hauka Sifneos ya tsara a cikin 1973 don kwatanta mutanen da ba su da ikon sadar da tunanin su ko kuma suna da iyakacin tunani. : “Rawan rai mara kyau wanda ke haifar da nau'in tunani mai amfani, dabi'ar yin amfani da aiki don guje wa rikice-rikice da yanayi masu damuwa, ƙayyadaddun ƙuntatawa a cikin maganganun motsin rai da kuma wahalar neman kalmomi don bayyana yadda yake ji. "

Iri d'alexithymies

Ana iya bambanta iri biyu na alexithymia:

• Jihar alexithymia yana da takamaiman dalili kuma sau da yawa yanayin wucin gadi ne. Rashin damuwa bayan tashin hankali, wanda wani mummunan lamari ya haifar, misali ne da aka sani don haifar da irin wannan alexithymia.
• Hali alexithymia ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin siffa ta zahiri ta halin mutum. Yana iya zama firamare ko na sakandare – sakamakon abubuwan da ke faruwa a lokacin ƙuruciyar mutum, kamar sakaci ko tashin hankali.

An kuma fahimci Alexithymia yana da abubuwa biyu:

• Sashin fahimta inda mutane zasu iya fuskantar kalubale tare da tunani da motsin rai yayin ƙoƙarin suna, fahimta da magana game da yadda suke ji;
• Bangaren tunani inda mutane zasu iya samun wahalar rabawa, amsawa da jin motsin zuciyar su.

Sanadin de l'alexithymie

A baya, an rarraba alexithymia kuma an iyakance shi ga cututtuka na psychosomatic - rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da alamun jiki na jiki amma an halicce shi kuma ya tsananta da hankali. Misali, mutumin da ya fusata, amma bai nuna fushinsa ba, yana iya samun ciwon ciki.

Duk da haka, alexithymia yana da hannu a cikin matsalolin tunani iri-iri, irin su bakin ciki da schizophrenia. Yawancin rashi na motsin rai a cikin rikice-rikicen bakan autism ana iya danganta shi da shi.

Amma alexithymia kuma yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin ayyukan tsarin juyayi mai juyayi - ɗaya daga cikin sassa uku na tsarin juyayi mai zaman kansa wanda ke kula da ayyukan gabobin visceral da ayyuka na atomatik na jiki kamar numfashi da bugun zuciya. zuciya-, tsarin rigakafi da aikin kwakwalwa.

Wasu masu bincike suna danganta alexithymia zuwa haɗe-haɗe na iyaye marasa tsaro ko abubuwan da suka faru na ƙuruciya.

Sauran bincike game da alexithymia a cikin dermatology ya nuna cewa yana da alaƙa da alopecia areata -ko alopecia areata, cututtukan autoimmune da ke haifar da asarar gashi -, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis - nau'in eczema - tare da vitiligo ko urticaria na kullum.

Bincike na alexithymia

Alexithymia har yanzu ba a gane shi ta hanyar rabe-raben cututtuka na hukuma ba. Amma ana iya gano cutar ta ta amfani da ma'auni daban-daban da ma'auni.

TAS-20 - don "Toronto Alexithymia Scale" - yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin da aka fi amfani dashi don tantance alexithymia a cikin bincike da aikin asibiti: http://www.antidouleur59.fr/douleursquestionnairetas20.pdf.

Wannan sikelin ya ƙunshi abubuwa 20, waɗanda ke nazarin girma uku:

• Wahalar gano yanayin motsin rai;
• Wahalar bayyana yanayin motsin rai ga wasu;
• Tunani mai aiki.

Amsoshin sun bambanta daga 1 zuwa 5 daga cikakken rashin jituwa zuwa cikakkiyar yarjejeniya.

Akwai wasu kayan aikin auna alexithymia:

• Tambayoyi na Beth Isra'ila (BIQ) ko Tambayoyin Tambayoyi na Psychosomatic Beth Isra'ila;
• Le Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ);
• Kuma da yawa

Yayin kima, likitan kuma zai yi hulɗa na wani lokaci tare da majiyyaci kuma ya tambaye su su ɗauki ƙarin bincike da gwaje-gwaje na tunani.

Mutanen da ke fama da alexithymia

Alexithymia yana shafar kusan 10% na yawan jama'a.

Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa alexithymia ya fi yawa a cikin maza da kuma tsakanin likitoci.

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da alexithymia

Abubuwa daban-daban na iya haɓaka ko haɓaka alexithymia:

• Fibromyalgia;
• Damuwa;
• Rashin cin abinci;
• jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi;
• Wasu lalacewar kwakwalwa;
• Rashin damuwa bayan tashin hankali;
• Kuma da yawa

Wahalar sadarwa ji

Siffar farko ta alexithymia ita ce wahalar samun damar isar da tunanin ku ga wasu. Alexithymic ya kasa bayyana motsin zuciyarsa da baki.

Rashin iya gano ji

Mutanen da ke da alexithymia ba za su iya gane abin da suke ji ba kuma su iya bambanta su da jin daɗin jikinsu. Mai haƙuri ya maimaita bayyana alamun jiki maimakon ƙoƙarin bayyana yadda yake ji.

Talauci na tunanin rayuwa

Alexithymics sunyi mafarki kadan - ko ku tuna da shi kadan - kuma lokacin da mafarki ya kasance, abun ciki mara kyau ne, gaskiya da gaskiya. Bugu da ƙari, wahalar faɗar mafarkin gaskiya ne. Fantasies ba safai ba ne kuma abubuwan tunawa suna bayyana matukar damuwa. Alexithymia yana haifar da rashin tunani da kuma salon tunani wanda aka mayar da hankali kan abubuwan motsa jiki da tasirin waje.

Tunani tare da ingantaccen abun ciki

Tunanin alexithymics na waje ne maimakon jin daɗi na ciki. Mai haƙuri yana yin cikakken bayani game da gaskiya, abubuwan da suka faru ko bayyanar cututtuka na jiki wanda ya haifar da motsin rai amma ba ya bayyana motsin zuciyar su.

Fassarar fahimtar ji na jiki

Rashin iyawa don gane abubuwan jin daɗi na jiki kamar yadda alamun somatic na motsin rai na iya sa mutanen da ke da alexithymia su iya yin kuskuren fassarar motsin zuciyar su kamar alamun rashin lafiya, yana jagorantar su zuwa neman likita don bayyanar cututtuka. wanda ba za a iya samun cikakken bayanin likita ba.

Sauran alamu

• Kalmomi marasa kyau da kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su;
• Maganar motsin rai ba ya nan;
• Talauci na ji a cikin jawabai;
• Zane na gaskiya, ba tare da fantasy ko alama ba;
• Rashin sarrafa motsin rai;
• tashin hankali ko fashewar fashewa;
• Rashin damuwa ga wasu;
• Wahalar gano motsin zuciyar da wasu ke bayyanawa;
• Ƙarfafa hankali ga kamanni, sautuna ko taɓawa ta jiki.

Ga mutanen da ke da alexithymia, ƙwararrun lafiyar hankali za su mayar da hankali kan kafa tushen sunan motsin rai da kuma jin daɗin ji. Tsarin zai haɗa da la'akari da abubuwan da wasu mutane suka samu da kuma tunanin kai ta hanyar:

• Magungunan rukuni;
• Jaridar yau da kullum;
• Ƙwarewar tushen farfadowa;
• Shiga cikin fasahar kere kere;
• Daban-daban dabarun shakatawa;
• Karatun littattafai ko labarai masu motsi;
• Kuma da yawa

A cikin shekaru arba'in da suka wuce, alexithymia ya yi wahayi zuwa ga bincike mai yawa wanda ya ba da haske a kan abubuwa da yawa na cutar amma har yanzu bai samar da sababbin jiyya na shaida don inganta rayuwar mutane ba. alexithymic mutane. Duk da haka, bincike na ɗabi'a, harshe da neuroscientific akan alexithymia ya bayyana ya ci gaba har ya kai ga iya fassarawa cikin ingantattun jiyya ga mutanen da ke da alexithymia. Ana iya ba da waɗannan jiyya ta sabbin nau'ikan, kamar shirye-shiryen Intanet: sadarwar kan layi yana ba da hanyar kiyaye hulɗar jama'a mafi ƙanƙanta, don haka rage buƙatar raba motsin rai a fili.

Koyo don bayyana ra'ayoyin ku da motsin zuciyar ku tun daga ƙuruciya na iya taimakawa wajen iyakance abin da ya faru na alexithymia.