Me yasa maza suke mutuwa da wuri fiye da mata?

m dalilai

Bari mu fara da babban abu: WHO ba ta nuna ko dai kawai, ko ma babban dalilin irin wannan gagarumin bambanci a tsawon rayuwa. Maimakon haka, rahoton kungiyar ya gabatar da abubuwa uku da ke haifar da karuwar mace-mace tsakanin maza fiye da mata:

• cututtukan zuciya,
• raunuka sakamakon hadurran ababen hawa,
• ciwon huhu.

Kuma wasu dalilai suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da halayen tunani ko lafiyar hankali, in ji Ocklenburg.

Misali, raunin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa yana haifar da raguwar shekaru 0,47 a tsawon rayuwa ga maza idan aka kwatanta da mata. Ana iya bayyana wannan a wani bangare ta gaskiyar cewa yawancin maza suna aiki a cikin masana'antar sufuri, amma a daya bangaren - kuma an tabbatar da hakan a zahiri - maza suna iya yin tuki da karfi, suna jefa kansu da sauran mutane cikin haɗari.

Binciken da aka yi na bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin halayen tuki ya nuna cewa maza sun fi yin tuƙi cikin buguwa, nuna tsangwama, da kuma mayar da martani ga hadurran kan hanya da latti (idan aka kwatanta da mata).

Karkashin digiri

Ɗauki wani dalilin mutuwa na kowa - cirrhosis na hanta. Ya haifar da raguwar tsawon rayuwa a cikin maza da shekaru 0,27 idan aka kwatanta da mata. Duk da cewa ciwon jiki ne, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da shi shine matsalar shaye-shaye. Da yake zana bayanai daga Amurka, Sebastian Ocklenburg ya jaddada cewa kididdigar yawan barasa ta bambanta da jinsi.

Dangane da kasarmu, Rasha ta shiga manyan kasashe uku da ke kan gaba wajen yawan mace-macen barasa. A Rasha, 2016 mata da maza 43 sun mutu sakamakon shan barasa a cikin 180 kawai.¹. Me yasa maza suka fi sha? Da fari dai, al'amarin ya kasance a cikin hanyar da aka saba da ita na zamantakewar al'umma kuma a cikin gaskiyar cewa a cikin maza ana ba da damar iya shan barasa da yawa. Na biyu, daga baya balaga na wasu sassan kwakwalwa mai yiwuwa laifi ne. A ƙarshe, ƙananan hankali ga barasa bai kamata a rage shi ba.

m mutuwa

Rikicin tsakanin mutane yana haifar da raguwar tsawon rayuwa ga maza da shekaru 0,21 idan aka kwatanta da mata. Maza sun fi mutuwa sau hudu sakamakon kisan kai, a cewar rahoton WHO. Mata sun fi fuskantar tashin hankali a cikin gida, inda kusan daya cikin biyar na kisan kai da abokin tarayya ko danginsu ke yi (ko da yake maza sun fi kashe wasu maza a kan tituna).

Dangane da bayanai daga wani binciken, Ocklenburg ya yi imanin cewa wannan yana iya yiwuwa ne saboda yawan tashin hankali na jiki da tashin hankali a cikin maza.

Mummunan sakamako na stereotypes na jinsi

Wani abin da, a cewar WHO, yana ba da gudummawa ga bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin mace-mace shine cutar da kai: ko da yake mata sun fi yawan tunani game da kashe kansu kuma suna yin ƙoƙari, a gaskiya, maza ne sukan kashe kansu akai-akai (a matsakaicin sau 1,75). ).

Ba a fahimci ainihin dalilan da ke haifar da gibin jinsi a yawan kashe kansa ba, Ocklenburg yayi sharhi: “Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da bincike na tabin hankali ya gano shi ne cewa jama’a na ɗora wa maza bukatu masu tsauri. A cikin al'adu da yawa, har yanzu akwai haramcin zamantakewar da ba a faɗi ba game da bayyana motsin rai mara kyau da tuntuɓar likitan ilimin halin ɗan adam, ko da lokacin tunanin kashe kansa ko baƙin ciki ya bayyana. Bugu da ƙari, "magungunan kai" da aka yaɗa tare da barasa na iya cutar da yanayin mutum sosai.

Duk da cewa cututtukan jiki har yanzu sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin mace-mace, matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma suna haifar da raguwar tsawon rayuwa ga maza. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a ƙarfafa su don neman tallafi da taimakon ƙwararru a fagen lafiyar hankali.

^1. "Rasha ta shiga sahun gaba na uku dangane da mace-macen barasa." Olga Solovieva, Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 05.09.2018/XNUMX/XNUMX.

Game da Gwani: Sebastian Ocklenburg masanin ilimin halittu ne.