Menene prism: ma'anar, abubuwa, iri, zaɓuɓɓukan sashe

A cikin wannan ɗaba'ar, za mu yi la'akari da ma'anar, manyan abubuwa, nau'o'in da kuma yiwuwar zaɓuɓɓuka don sashin priism. Bayanin da aka gabatar yana tare da zane-zane na gani don kyakkyawar fahimta.

Ma'anar prism

Prism adadi ne na geometric a sararin samaniya; polyhedron mai fuska biyu masu kamanceceniya da daidaiku (polygons), yayin da sauran fuskokin masu kamanceceniya ne.

Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna ɗayan mafi yawan nau'ikan prism - layin hudu (ko parallelepited). An tattauna wasu nau'ikan adadi a sashe na ƙarshe na wannan ɗaba'ar.

Abubuwan Prism

Ga hoton da ke sama:

• Kasa polygons daidai suke. Waɗannan suna iya zama triangles, huɗu-, biyar-, hexagons, da sauransu. A cikin yanayinmu, waɗannan suna daidaitawa (ko rectangles) ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Fuskokin gefe parallelograms ne: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• Haƙarƙari na gefe wani bangare ne mai haɗa ƙarshen tushe daban-daban daidai da juna (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁). Gefen gama gari ne na fuskoki biyu na gefe.
• Tsayi (h) – wannan siffa ce da aka zana daga tushe zuwa wancan, watau nisa tsakanin su. Idan gefuna na gefe suna cikin kusurwoyi madaidaici zuwa tushe na adadi, to, su ma tsayin prism ne.
• Diagonal na tushe - wani yanki wanda ke haɗa madaidaitan madaidaicin gaba biyu na tushe ɗaya (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁). Alamar triangular ba ta da wannan sinadari.
• Side Diagonal Bangaren layi wanda ke haɗa madaidaitan gaba biyu na fuska ɗaya. Hoton yana nuna diagonal na fuska ɗaya kawai. (CD₁ и C₁D)don kar a yi lodinsa.
• Prism Diagonal - yanki mai haɗa kusoshi biyu na tushe daban-daban waɗanda ba na fuska ɗaya ba. Mun nuna biyu kawai daga cikin hudu: AC₁ и B₁D.
• Prism surface shine jimillar saman sansanoninsa da fuskokinsa na gefe guda biyu. Formules don lissafin (don adadi daidai) da prisms ana gabatar da su a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban.

Prism goge - fadada duk fuskokin adadi a cikin jirgin sama daya (mafi sau da yawa, ɗaya daga cikin tushe). Misali, ga madaidaiciyar prism rectangular:

lura: ana gabatar da kaddarorin priism a cikin .

Zaɓuɓɓukan sashen Prism

1. Sashin diagonal - Jirgin yankan yana wucewa ta hanyar diagonal na tushe na prism da gefuna biyu masu dacewa.lura: Ƙarfin triangular ba shi da ɓangaren diagonal, domin Tushen adadi shine triangle wanda ba shi da diagonal.
2. Sashe na Tsaye - Jirgin da ke yanke ya haɗu da duk gefuna na gefe a kusurwar dama.

lura: sauran zaɓuɓɓuka don ɓangaren ba su da yawa, don haka ba za mu zauna a kansu ba.

Nau'in Prism

Yi la'akari da adadi iri-iri tare da tushe triangular.

1. Madaidaicin priism – Fuskokin gefe suna kusa da kusurwoyi madaidaici zuwa sansanoni (watau a kai tsaye zuwa gare su). Tsayin irin wannan adadi yana daidai da gefen gefensa.
2. Oblique prism - Fuskokin gefe na adadi ba su kasance daidai da tushe ba.
3. Madaidaicin priism Tushen sune polygons na yau da kullun. Yana iya zama madaidaiciya ko madaidaici.
4. truncated prism - ɓangaren adadi da ya rage bayan haye shi ta jirgin sama wanda ba daidai ba ne da tushe. Hakanan yana iya zama duka madaidaiciya da karkata.