Abin da ke haifar da wuce gona da iri akan idanu.

Gaji idanu ko asthenopia

kamar yadda masanan ido ke kiran wannan yanayin, yana bayyana kansa a cikin nau'ikan alamun yanayin gajiya na gani. A wannan yanayin, majiyyaci na iya yin gunaguni game da:

• rage girman gani (jin "shafi" ko "hazo" a gaban idanu);
• bayyanar rashin fahimta ko tsaka-tsakin abubuwan da ake tambaya;
• jin "yashi" a cikin idanu;
• jajayen idanu;
• photophobia ko duhu karbuwa cuta;
• wahala ko rashin yiwuwar mayar da hankali da sauri lokacin canza kallon ku daga nesa kusa zuwa wani abu a nesa kuma akasin haka;
• ciwon kai;

Babban ma'auni na bincike don asthenopia shine karuwa a cikin gunaguni da aka bayyana a sama a lokacin tsananin damuwa na gani (aiki akan kwamfuta, aiki tare da takardu, karatu ko aikin allura). A wannan yanayin, duk alamun da suka dace na iya raguwa sosai ko ɓace gaba ɗaya yayin hutu.

Asthenopia

Duk manya da yara suna da saukin kamuwa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan cuta ta fi shafar yara masu matsakaici da sakandare, da kuma dalibai. Wato, duk waɗannan nau'ikan al'umma suna yin kowane aiki da ke da alaƙa da damuwa na gani na dogon lokaci.

Don haka manyan dalilai da abubuwan haɗari ga ci gaban asthenopia sune:

• karatu ko wani aikin gani a cikin ƙananan haske;
• yin aiki a kwamfuta ko kallon talabijin na dogon lokaci;
• tsawon lokacin tuƙi, musamman ma da yamma da kuma daddare;
• aikin da ke da alaƙa da kullun gani na yau da kullun, alal misali, aiki tare da ƙananan bayanai (kayan ado, aikin kayan ado da sauran masana'antu iri ɗaya);
• rashin daidaituwa na ametropia (myopia, hangen nesa ko astigmatism);
• cututtuka na yau da kullum, musamman endocrine;
• maye;

Nau'in asthenopia:

• Muscular asthenopia. Haɗe da raunin haɗin kai watau mai da hankali na idanu biyu akan kafaffen abu. Wannan na iya zama da wahala idan tsokar ido ta yi rauni.)
• Accommodative asthenopia. Makwanci shine tsarin ilimin halittar jiki na canza ikon refractive ido yayin hangen nesa na abubuwan da ke nesa daban-daban daga gare ta. Na'urar masaukin ido ta haɗa da: filaye masu santsi na tsoka na tsokar ciliary, filaye na ligament zonular, choroid da ruwan tabarau. Duk wani hargitsi a cikin aiki na waɗannan sifofin na iya ba da gudummawa ga raguwar ajiyar masauki da haifar da wasu gunaguni na asthenopic.
• Mixed asthenopia yana faruwa tare da haɗakar rashin daidaituwa na haɗuwa da masauki.
• Ana iya haɗuwa da asthenopia mai jijiya tare da damuwa ko cututtuka daban-daban. 
• Symptomatic asthenopia yana faruwa tare da cututtuka daban-daban na ido da gabobin da ke kusa kuma suna ɓacewa lokacin da cutar ta warke (1).

Muscular asthenopia galibi yana faruwa tare da myopia mara kyau, hangen nesa, presbyopia (hangen nesa mai alaƙa da shekaru) ko astigmatism.

Har ila yau, gunaguni na asthenopic na iya faruwa tare da tabarau na farko da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba ko ruwan tabarau na lamba. Ko kuma yana yiwuwa myopia ko presbyopia ya ci gaba, kuma majiyyaci ya ci gaba da amfani da tsofaffin gilashin da ba su dace da shi ba dangane da diopter.

Muscular asthenopia kuma na iya faruwa a kan bangon cututtuka na gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke shafar tsokoki na ido na ido, alal misali, cututtukan endocrine (thyrotoxicosis), myasthenia gravis ko myositis.

Tare da myopia, aiki a kusa da nisa yana faruwa tare da ƙarin masauki, wanda aka yi tare da taimakon tsokoki na ciki na ciki. Tare da strabismus, asthenopia yana faruwa saboda gajiya saboda sha'awar shawo kan karkatar da idanu.

Sanadin asthenopia na ciki - spasm na masauki, rashin isassun gyare-gyare na hangen nesa da astigmatism, ciwon ido da na gaba ɗaya wanda ke haifar da rauni na tsokar ciliary, alal misali, cututtuka masu kumburi da cututtuka na ido. Lokacin aiki a kusa, ana buƙatar tashin hankali na masauki, wanda aka yi tare da taimakon tsokoki na ciliary.

Bayyanar cututtuka na asthenopia:

• Ƙaddamar da gani na gani tare da kuma ba tare da gyara ba
• Skiascopy na kunkuntar yara da fadi (fiye da yawa a cikin yara).
• Refractometry tare da kunkuntar almajiri mai fadi.
• Ƙaddamar da kusurwar strabismus ta amfani da hanyar Hirschberg da synoptophore;
• Ƙaddamar da yanayin hangen nesa ta amfani da gwajin maki hudu;
• Auna ma'aunin wurin zama - an sanya allo mara kyau a gaban ido ɗaya kuma ana tambayar ɗayan don karanta rubutun a nesa na 33 cm. Sa'an nan kuma ana sanya ruwan tabarau mara kyau tare da ƙara ƙarfi a gabansa kuma a bar su su "sanya" na ɗan lokaci. Mafi ƙaƙƙarfan ruwan tabarau, wanda har yanzu ana iya karanta rubutun da shi, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ajiyar wurin zama. A shekaru 20-30 yana daidai da diopters 10, bayan shekaru 40 yana raguwa.
• Ana aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ajiyar fusion ta amfani da synoptophore. A wannan yanayin, an haɗa sassa biyu na hoton tare, sa'an nan kuma suka fara raba rabin zane-zane kuma suna ƙayyade lokacin da ido ya fara fahimtar hoton a matsayin 2 daban-daban. A al'ada, tabbataccen tanadi (masu haɗawa) suna da digiri 15-25, kuma ma'auni mara kyau (masu bambanta) sune digiri 3-5. Tare da asthenopia an rage su. Hakanan za'a iya ƙayyade ta amfani da ruwan tabarau na prismatic.

Jiyya na asthenopia.

Jiyya na asthenopia, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da dogon lokaci kuma ya dogara da sha'awar mai haƙuri da yanayin dawowa. Babban hanyar da aka zaɓa daidai gyaran ametropia tare da tabarau ko ruwan tabarau. Jiyya na sanadin asthenopia, gami da ilimin cututtuka na waje, ya zama tilas. Don kawar da spasm na masauki da shakatawa tsokar ciliary, ana sanya mydriatics gajere, digo 1 kowace rana ko kowace rana da dare tsawon wata guda.

Ana amfani da hanyoyin jiyya na kayan aiki don horar da ma'auni na ingantaccen masauki da haɗuwa. Ana samun wannan ta amfani da ruwan tabarau na ƙarfi daban-daban, prisms da na'urar kwaikwayo na musamman (2).

Iron da hanyoyin kwamfuta don magance amblyopia:

• Synoptophore yana taimakawa horarwa da haɓaka ɓangarorin fusional (ikon haɗa hotuna na gani daga idanu biyu zuwa hoto ɗaya).
• Ƙarfafawar Laser yana kwantar da tsokar ciliary. 
• Mai horar da masauki yana rinjayar masauki lokacin duba kusa da nesa, kuma ana iya amfani dashi a gida. 
• Shirye-shiryen kwamfuta daban-daban. Don kawar da gajiyawar ido da hana ci gaban ciwon kwamfuta - EyeDefender, Safe idanu, RELAX. Idan akwai myopia, hypermetropia ko strabismus, to EYE, Strabismus, Blade, Flower, Crosses, Contour, da dai sauransu (3).

Maganin kayan aikin yana ba da sakamako mai kyau musamman ga yara.

Rigakafin ci gaban asthenopia:

• Daidaita da lokacin gyara kurakurai masu jujjuyawa (myopia, hangen nesa, astigmatism).
• Yarda da aiki da tsarin hutawa game da idanu. Bayan kowace sa'a na ciwon ido, kuna buƙatar yin hutu. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya yin motsa jiki na ido.
• Isasshen haske na gida da na gaba ɗaya na wurin aiki.
• Yin amfani da tabarau na musamman mai ɓarna yana kawar da damuwa na masauki.
• Shan bitamin ko kari na abinci don idanu da kuma dacewa, daidaitaccen abinci gabaɗaya.
• Wasanni da ayyukan motsa jiki.

Hasashen don asthenopia tare da jiyya na lokaci da bin duk ka'idodin rigakafin yana da kyau.

1. "Ayyukan binocular a ametropia" Shapovalov SL, Milyavsky TI, Ignatieva SA, Kornyushina TA St. Petersburg 2014

2. "Hadadden magani na rashin lafiya a cikin myopia da aka samu" Zharov VV, Egorov AV, Konkova LV, Moscow 2008.

3. "Ayyukan jiyya na concomitant strabismus" Goncharova SA, Panteleev GV, Moscow 2004.