An bayyana shi azaman digo a cikin layin jini uku, jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, farin jini da platelet, pancytopenia yana da dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar bincika. Sakamakon ta fuskar lafiya yana da mahimmanci tare da yuwuwar faruwar cutar anemia, cututtuka da zubar jini.

Ta hanyar ma'anar etymological wani rashi ne na duk sel da ke cikin jini. A zahiri, layuka uku na sel jini suna shafar:

• jajayen kwayoyin jini;
• farin jini;
• platelet. 

Ofaya daga cikin ayyukan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini shine ɗaukar jigilar oxygen a cikin jini, kuma fararen sel suna shiga cikin rigakafin ilimin lissafi don yaƙar cututtuka. Platelets ƙananan ƙwayoyin sel ne kuma suna da hannu a cikin hanyoyin magudanar jini da warkar da rauni.

Lokacin da aka rage waɗannan abubuwan salula, adadin abubuwan haɗari da yawa suna bayyana kamar na anemia (raguwa a haemoglobin wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jini), kamuwa da cuta saboda raguwar garkuwar garkuwar jiki da fararen sel na jini (leukopenia), da abubuwan ban mamaki na jini. saboda raguwar adadin platelet a cikin jini (thrombocytopenia).

Akwai dalilai da yawa. Ana iya haɗa su:

• inda ake yin waɗannan ƙwayoyin (ɓarɓashin kasusuwa) waɗanda aka rage ko ɓarkewar samarwarsu;
• dalilai na gefe kamar kamuwa da cuta (HIV ko AIDS misali);
• Rashin bitamin B12 (anemia mai lalacewa);
• ciwon daji na jini da ƙwayoyin lymph (cutar sankarar bargo ko lymphoma) a cikin abin da yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin fararen jini ke faruwa a farashin farin jini da platelet);
• rashin aiki na ƙaramin saifa (hypersplenism) kuma ba aikinta na adanawa da gyara jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, farin jini da platelet;
• shaye -shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi (wasu maganin rigakafi, colchicine, chemotherapy, phenylbutazone ko sunadarai (benzene, kwari, da dai sauransu) wanda zai iya haifar da raguwar kasusuwa;
• tsufa da wuri na bargon kashi wanda baya haifar da ƙwayoyin jini (myelodysplasia).

Wani lokaci ba a samun dalilin.

Alamomin pancytopenia suna da alaƙa da raguwar adadin jajayen jini da farin jini da platelet. 

Anemia da ke haifar da wannan raguwar ƙwayoyin sel jini yana bayyana ta pallor, gajiya mai ƙarfi saboda ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen jikin mutum.

Gaɓoɓin sel na jini yana haifar da cututtuka daban -daban waɗanda ke da wuyar magani da magani. A ƙarshe, rashin platelet shine ke haifar da zubar jini daban-daban, daga haƙora, cikin fitsari, cikin kujeru, wani lokacin a cikin kwakwalwa (heranoma na cranial) wanda zai iya zama barazanar rayuwa.

Hakanan akwai wasu alamomi kamar kasancewar ƙwayoyin lymph, babban saifa, rashin jin daɗi tare da raguwar hawan jini, alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke haifar da pancytopenia.

Bincike ta hanyar gwajin jini

Ana gano ganewar pancytopenia ta hanyar gwajin jini wanda ke neman adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, farare da platelet (Ƙididdigar Tsarin Jini ko CBC), kasancewar ƙwayoyin sel galibi basa cikin jini kamar manyan sel (fashewa) ko kwayoyin jini. sel marasa jini (erythroblasts…).

Adadi na yau da kullun a cikin NFS:

• Kwayoyin jini (erythrocytes): tsakanin miliyan 4 zuwa 6;
• Kwayoyin jini (leukocytes): tsakanin 4000 zuwa 10;
• Platelets: tsakanin 150 zuwa 000.

Waɗannan adadi na iya bambanta dangane da hanyar bincike da aka yi amfani da shi.

Ana auna ƙarancin jini ta hanyar matakin haemoglobin a cikin jini (ƙasa da 11g / l a matsakaita), galibi ana alakanta shi da raguwar adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.

A cikin pancytopenia, adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini sun yi ƙasa da matsakaita, da na fararen sel ma (neutrophils), sai dai a lokuta na cutar sankarar bargo inda akasin haka ya yi yawa, adadin platelet ya yi ƙasa, ƙasa da 150 (thrombocytopenia), wani lokacin yana tafiya ƙasa da platelets 000 a milliliter na jini.

Bincike ta hanyar myelogram 

Ana yin wani gwaji don fahimtar dalilin pancytopenia: myelogram.

Zai yuwu a tabbatar da tuhuma da cutar kansa ta jini, don sa ido kan juyin halittar babban anemia, na thrombocytopenia… Ana yin wannan binciken a asibiti, a matakin tsakiyar keken thoracic (sternum), wajen amfani sirinji, a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci.

Maganin pancytopenia zai zama na sanadin da sakamakonsa. Yana iya zama gyara cutar anemia ta hanyar zubar da jini, zubar jini ta hanyar platelet, murƙushe kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar takardar maganin rigakafi (maganin rigakafi).

Idan an sami cutar sankarar bargo ko lymphoma, magani zai mai da hankali kan waɗannan cututtukan daji na jini da ƙwayoyin lymph. Idan kumburin da baya aiki sosai, galibi ana cire shi don kawar da sakamakon wannan larurar.

Kasancewar abubuwa masu guba kamar kwayoyi ko abubuwan sinadarai zasu haifar da jiyya da suka dace kamar dakatar da magani nan da nan ko abubuwan da aka lalata, da kuma magance sakamakonsu.

A ƙarshe, lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta ke da hannu, shine maganin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za a aiwatar.