Hanyoyin murya, ko muryoyin murya, waɗanda suke a matakin makoshi, suna ba da damar yin kira.

Matsayi. Biyu a lamba, igiyoyin muryoyin suna cikin bututun da maƙogwaron ya kafa (1). A cikin wannan bututun, igiyoyin muryoyin suna kusa da 8mm daga ƙananan gefen guringuntsi na thyroid (1). Suna miƙawa daga gaba zuwa baya, kuma suna samar da sifar V mai nuna gaba.

• A gaba, sautin muryar yana haɗe da guringuntsi na makoshi.
• A baya, igiyoyin murɗawa suna haɗe da guringuntsi arytenoid, a matakin aikin muryar.

Structure. Sautin muryar ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa (1):

• Murfin murfin muryoyin muryar ya ƙunshi epithelium da chorion. Ƙarshen yana da daɗaɗɗen kafa muryar muryar ko ƙananan ligament thyro-arytenoid.
• Tsarin muryar shine tsarin cartilaginous wanda ake amfani dashi don gyara muryar murya a matakin guringuntsi arytenoid.
• Tsokar muryoyin muryar ita ce muryar muryar, wacce ke cikin kaurin muryoyin muryar, da kuma tsokar crico-thyroid. Ƙunshi biyu ne, na ƙarshen yana shiga cikin motsi na guringuntsi na arytenoid, don haka ya ƙyale tashin hankali na muryoyin muryar.

Ciki. Hanyoyin muryoyin suna da tausayi, azanci da motsin ciki. Ciwon jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki ana aiwatar da shi ta jijiyar laryngeal mafi girma. Muryar muryar murya da tsokar crico-thyroid suna ratsa cikin jijiyoyin laryngeal da kuma jijiyar laryngeal na waje, bi da bi (1).

Matsayin yin hadiyewa. Domin hana wucewar abinci ko ruwa ta cikin huhu da huhu, epiglottis yana rufe makoshi kuma muryoyin murya suna haɗuwa (2).

Aikin numfashi. Epiglottis da muryoyin muryar suna wucewa cikin iska zuwa cikin huhu da huhu, kuma fitar da iska zuwa ga makogwaro (2).

Ƙungiyar magana. Ana fitar da sautin magana lokacin da iskar da ke fita tana girgiza igiyar muryoyi.

Ciwon makoji A mafi yawan lokuta, sun samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Game da laryngitis ko epiglottitis, ana iya danganta su da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Laryngitis. Ya dace da kumburin makoshi, musamman a cikin muryoyin murya. M ko na yau da kullun, yana iya bayyana azaman tari da dysphonia (rikicewar hanya). Ya fi tsanani a cikin yara kuma yana iya kasancewa tare da dyspnea (wahalar numfashi) (3).

Nodule na muryar murya. Nodule ƙwallo ne mai ƙyalli wanda zai iya haɓaka ko'ina a cikin jiki, musamman a cikin muryoyin sauti. Waɗannan yawanci ƙwayoyin cuta ne marasa kyau, ko ciwon daji idan nodule ya zama rauni.

Ciwon daji na sautin murya. Wannan nau'in ciwon daji yawanci ana danganta shi da ciwon makogwaro (4).

Maganin rigakafi ko maganin kumburi. Ana iya ba da maganin rigakafi don kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta. Hakanan ana iya ba da magungunan kumburi don iyakance kumburi.

Tracheotomy. A cikin mawuyacin hali, wannan aikin tiyata ya ƙunshi buɗewa a matakin maƙogwaro don ba da izinin wucewar iska da hana hana shaƙewa.

Laryngectomy. A cikin mawuyacin hali na ciwon daji, ana iya yin cire makoshi (5).

Radiotherapy. Ana lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ta hanyar ɗaukar hotuna (5).

Chemotherapy. Za a iya ba da magunguna don takaita yaduwar cutar kansa.

Laryngoscopy a kaikaice. Yana ba ku damar lura da makoshi ta amfani da ƙaramin madubi da aka sanya a bayan makogwaro (6).

Kai tsaye laryngoscopy. Ana nazarin maƙogwaron ta amfani da tsayayyen bututu da aka gabatar ta hanci. Wannan kutse kuma zai iya ba da damar ɗaukar samfurin (biopsy) idan jarrabawar ta buƙaci shi (6).

Laryngopharyngography. Za a iya yin wannan gwajin x-ray na makoshi don kammala ganewar asali (6).

Ƙananan matsayin maƙogwaro a cikin mutane na zamani idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu shayarwa shine batun ka'ida akan asalin harshe. Koyaya, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ikon yin magana ya tsufa sosai (7).