Contents
Amfani da karafa a rayuwar yau da kullum ya fara ne tun farkon ci gaban dan Adam, kuma jan karfe shi ne karfe na farko, tun da yake akwai shi a yanayi kuma ana iya sarrafa shi cikin sauki. Ba abin mamaki ba ne masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi a lokacin hakowa suka sami kayayyaki iri-iri da kayan aikin gida da aka yi da wannan karfe. A cikin tsarin juyin halitta, a hankali mutane sun koyi hada karafa daban-daban, suna samun karin galoli masu dorewa wadanda suka dace da kera kayan aiki, daga baya kuma makamai. A zamaninmu, ana ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje, godiya ga abin da zai yiwu a gano karafa mafi tsayi a duniya.
10 titanium
Titanium yana buɗe ƙimar mu - ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda nan da nan ya ja hankali. Kaddarorin titanium sune:
- babban ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi;
- jure yanayin zafi;
- ƙananan yawa;
- juriya na lalata;
- juriya na inji da sinadarai.
Ana amfani da titanium a masana'antar soji, magungunan jiragen sama, ginin jirgi, da sauran fannonin samarwa.
9. Uranus
Mafi shahararren kashi, wanda ake la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi karfi karafa a duniya, kuma a karkashin yanayi na al'ada shi ne raunin rediyoaktif. A cikin yanayi, ana samun shi duka a cikin yanayin kyauta da kuma a cikin duwatsun acidic sedimentary. Yana da nauyi sosai, ana rarrabawa ko'ina cikin duniya kuma yana da kaddarorin paramagnetic, sassauƙa, rashin ƙarfi, da filastik dangi. Ana amfani da Uranium a wurare da yawa na samarwa.
8. tungsten
An san shi a matsayin mafi ƙarancin ƙarfe na duk abubuwan da ke wanzuwa, kuma nasa ne na ƙarfe mafi ƙarfi a duniya. Yana da ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin launi na azurfa-launin toka mai haske. Ya mallaki babban karko, infusibility mai kyau, juriya ga tasirin sinadarai. Saboda kaddarorinsa, ana iya ƙirƙira shi kuma a jawo shi cikin zaren bakin ciki. An san shi azaman filament tungsten.
7. Rhenium
Daga cikin wakilan wannan rukuni, ana la'akari da shi a matsayin karfe na canzawa na babban yawa, launin azurfa-fari. Yana faruwa a cikin yanayi a cikin nau'i mai tsabta, amma ana samun shi a cikin molybdenum da albarkatun jan karfe. Yana siffofi high taurin da yawa, kuma yana da kyau kwarai refractoriness. Ya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi, wanda ba a rasa tare da maimaita canjin yanayin zafi. Rhenium na karafa ne masu tsada kuma yana da tsada. Ana amfani da shi a cikin fasahar zamani da na lantarki.
6. Osmium
Ƙarfe mai farin azurfa mai sheki mai ɗan ƙaramin launin shuɗi, yana cikin rukunin platinum kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin ƙarfe mafi ɗorewa a duniya. Kama da iridium, yana da babban adadin atomic, babban ƙarfi da tauri. Tun da osmium nasa ne na platinum karafa, yana da kaddarorin kama da iridium: refractoriness, taurin, brittleness, juriya ga inji danniya, kazalika da tasiri na m yanayi. Ya samo aikace-aikace mai yawa a cikin tiyata, microscope na lantarki, masana'antar sinadarai, fasahar roka, kayan lantarki.
5. Beryllium
Ya kasance na rukunin karafa, kuma wani abu ne mai launin toka mai haske tare da taurin dangi da yawan guba. Saboda kaddarorinsa na musamman, ana amfani da beryllium a cikin masana'antu iri-iri:
- makamashin nukiliya;
- injiniyan sararin samaniya;
- ƙarfe;
- fasahar laser;
- makamashin nukiliya.
Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ana amfani da beryllium wajen samar da alluran alloy da kayan da ke hana ruwa gudu.
4. Chrome
Chromium shine na gaba a cikin manyan karafa goma mafi ɗorewa a duniya - ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi mai launin shuɗi-fari wanda ke da juriya ga alkalis da acid. Yana faruwa a yanayi a cikin tsaftataccen tsari kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a sassa daban-daban na kimiyya, fasaha da samarwa. An yi amfani da Chromium don ƙirƙirar gami daban-daban waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen kera magunguna da kayan sarrafa sinadarai. A hade tare da baƙin ƙarfe, yana samar da gabobin ferrochromium, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen kera kayan aikin yankan ƙarfe.
3. Tantalite
Tantalum ya cancanci tagulla a cikin martaba, saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ɗorewa karafa a duniya. Karfe ne na silvery mai tsayin daka da yawan atomic. Saboda samuwar fim din oxide a samansa, yana da tint na gubar.
Daban-daban Properties na tantalum ne high ƙarfi, refractoriness, juriya ga lalata da kuma m kafofin watsa labarai. Ƙarfe ɗin ƙarfe ne mai ƙwanƙwasa kuma ana iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi. A yau an yi nasarar amfani da tantalum:
- a cikin masana'antar sinadarai;
- a cikin aikin samar da makamashin nukiliya;
- a cikin samar da ƙarfe;
- lokacin ƙirƙirar gami da ke jure zafi.
2. Ruthenium
Layi na biyu na darajan mafi kyawun karafa a duniya yana shagaltar da ruthenium - ƙarfe na azurfa na rukunin platinum. Siffar sa ita ce kasancewa a cikin abun da ke cikin ƙwayar tsoka na kwayoyin halitta. Ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci na ruthenium sune ƙarfin ƙarfi, taurin kai, refractoriness, juriya na sinadarai, da ikon samar da hadaddun mahadi. Ana ɗaukar Ruthenium a matsayin mai haɓaka halayen sinadarai da yawa, yana aiki azaman abu don kera na'urorin lantarki, lambobin sadarwa, da tukwici masu kaifi.
1. Iridium
Ƙididdiga mafi ɗorewa na karafa a duniya yana jagorancin iridium - ƙarfe mai launin azurfa-fari, mai wuya kuma mai katsewa wanda ke cikin rukunin platinum. A cikin yanayi, wani abu mai ƙarfi yana da wuyar gaske, kuma galibi ana haɗa shi da osmium. Saboda taurinsa na halitta, yana da wahala a iya yin na'ura kuma yana da matukar juriya ga sinadarai. Iridium yana amsawa da wahala mai girma ga tasirin halogens da sodium peroxide.
Wannan karfe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar yau da kullum. An kara da shi zuwa titanium, chromium da tungsten don inganta juriya ga yanayin acidic, ana amfani da shi wajen yin kayan aiki, ana amfani da kayan ado don ƙirƙirar kayan ado. Farashin iridium ya kasance mai girma saboda ƙarancin kasancewarsa a yanayi.