Contents
Al'adun Gabas a cikin gine-gine suna jan hankalin masana daga ko'ina cikin duniya tare da siffofi da launuka. A cikin Islama, ba a maraba da hotunan waliyyai da duk wani mai rai, don haka ana amfani da tsattsauran ra'ayi da nassosi daga Alƙur'ani a cikin zane-zane da mosaics. Ko da yake akwai keɓancewa. Misali, 'yan Shi'a suna amfani da hotunan Ali, dan uwan Imam Mohammed na farko, a cikin hotunansu.
Haka ne, kuma wasu rubuce-rubucen da suka zo mana tun a zamanin da, suna ɗauke da hotunan annabawa musulmi tsarkaka da dabbobi. Duk da wadannan wasu sabani, masallatan suna da kyau kwarai da gaske, ba a saba gani ba, suna jin warin tarihi da tatsuniyoyi daga “Dare 1000 da 1”. Yawancin gine-gine na addini suna cikin taskar gine-gine da gine-gine na duniya, miliyoyin masu yawon bude ido ne ke ziyartan su a duk shekara. Za a tattauna mafi kyawun masallatai da aka sani a ƙasa.
10 Masallacin Sultanahmet
Turkiyya ta shahara musamman wajen gine-ginen gine-gine, kuma ba banda. masallacin sultanahmet ko kuma Blue Masjid. Sunan ya riga ya ƙunshi mafi yawan launi a cikin kayan ado na masallatai, wanda aka yi amfani da shi tun zamanin da.
Masallacin ana daukarsa a matsayin babban abin jan hankali na Istanbul kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ga musulmin duniya. Gine-ginen gine-gine yana dacewa a bakin Tekun Marmara, kusa da shi ba wani sanannen abin sha'awa ba ne - Hagia Sophia Museum. A farkon karni na 1600, Turkiyya ta yi yaki da Iran da Ostiriya, kuma a sakamakon yakin, an sanya wa Turkawa yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta wulakanci. Domin neman yardar Allah, Sarkin Musulmi Ahmed na daya ya gina masallacin Sultanahmet. A cikin tsarin gine-gine, ana amfani da makarantun Byzantine da na Ottoman na gargajiya anan.
Batu mai ban sha'awa: Sarkin ya umurci magina da su gina minaret guda 4 - maganin gargajiya na wancan lokacin. A wani bakon hatsari an gina minartoci 6 kuma babu wanda ko da an hukunta shi saboda kyawunsa da girmansa. An gina masallacin ne da dutse da marmara, kuma an ajiye sama da fale-falen fari da shuɗi 20 a nan - don haka sunan abin.
9. Masallacin Badshahi
Masallacin yana Lahore na Pakistan kuma ana daukarsa shi ne na biyu mafi girma da girma a kasar. Bugu da kari, ga musulmin duniya, wannan masallaci shi ne na biyar a cikin tsarki da muhimmanci, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1673 da sarki na karshe na daular Mughal, Emperor Aurangzeba.
Karfin wannan masallacin daular ya fi muminai 55. Rukunin gine-ginen ya ƙunshi wurare biyu - ginin masallacin da kansa da kuma sararin samaniya mai ban sha'awa na ciki, tare da tsofaffin hotuna. An gina ginin ne da dutse mai launin ja, tare da ƙayatattun allunan alabaster da ake amfani da su wajen ƙawata bangon. Tsayin babbar kofar shiga Masallatan Badshahi kusan ba ya kai mita 17.
Katafaren tsakar gida a ranaku na yau da kullun yana faranta ido da kyawawan dutsen yashi da farin marmara na tafkin tsakiya, kuma a lokacin bukukuwan addini an lulluɓe shi da kafet ɗin ulu masu tsada. Ma'aikatan gine-ginen zamani sun zaɓi bayani na minarets takwas, tsayin mafi girma ya wuce mita 60. Kimanin rupees 600 aka kashe akan ginin - kuɗi masu ban sha'awa bisa ga ƙa'idodin yau. Kuma gyaran masallacin ya dauki kusan duk kudaden harajin da fadar shugaban kasa take samu.
8. Masallacin Kul-Sharif
Har ila yau, Rasha tana alfahari da manyan ƙungiyoyin addini, alal misali, masallaci Kul-Sharif, wanda aka gina kawai a cikin 2005 a kan yankin Kazan Kremlin a babban birnin Tatarstan. Duk da karancin shekarunsa, ’yan yawon bude ido daga sassan duniya ciki har da Dubai, na zuwa don ganin kyawun masallacin. Bayan cin nasarar Kazan Khanate, Rasha Tsar Ivan the Terrible ya ba da umarnin lalata babban masallacin, kuma an kafa cocin Orthodox, Cathedral na Annunciation a cikin Kazan Kremlin.
Har zuwa lokacin da Empress Catherine II, an haramta Musulunci a wadannan sassa, amma mai hikima mai mulki ya sanya hannu a kan dokarta "On Tolerance of All Religions", Tatars sun sami damar gina masallatai da yin addu'a a cikinsu. A cikin godiya, al'ummar musulmin yankin da ake yi wa lakabi da Catherine II "Kaka-Sarauniya".
Masallacin Kul-Sharif ya hada manyan ƙungiyoyin addini guda biyu na yankin, minara 4, tsayin mita 60, nan da nan ya kama ido. Dome na masallacin an yi shi ne da wani nau'i na "hat Kazan" na gargajiya, an lullube benaye da katifu na Iran masu tsada, kuma an yi wani chandelier mai nauyin ton 2 a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech. A cikin rukunin akwai sanannen gidan tarihi na al'adun Musulunci.
7. Masallacin Hussaini
Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin masallatai da suka zo zamaninmu yana cikin babban birnin Masar - Alkahira kuma an san shi tun farkon karni na XNUMX. Musulman duniya masu kishin addini suna girmama wannan abu, amma kuma masu yawon bude ido suna da abin sha'awa a nan. Ana gudanar da bukukuwan da aka keɓe don maulidin Annabi mai zuwa a kowace shekara a yankin haikalin. Tare da babban taron mahajjata, sararin ciki Masallacin Husaini an lulluɓe shi da tabarmi, kuma a lokuta na yau da kullun yara da yawa suna yin tsalle a nan, ministocin ba sa hana yin barci. Bugu da kari, filin na ciki yana shirya wasan kwaikwayo na shekara-shekara wanda ke gaya wa mai kallo game da yaƙin Hussein na ƙarshe.
Ganuwar hadaddun suna da launin ja; zane-zane da aka sassaka a kan dutse da kyawawan abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a nan. Shagunan Gabas na gargajiya suna nan kusa da bangon haikalin, suna ba da kaya masu tsada masu tsada ga masu yawon bude ido.
6. Masallacin Turkmenbashi Rukhy
Turkmenistan kasa ce ta musulmi, amma tare da girmamawa kan tsarin addini, ko naman alade ba a hana shi a nan ba, amma ba za a iya siyan naman doki a hukumance ba. Yanzu haka masallatai 5 ne kacal a kasar, inda suke da mutane miliyan 1,3.
Masallacin Turkmenbashi Rukhy An gina shi a shekara ta 2004, shi ne masallaci mafi girma da kubba daya, kuma masana gine-ginen Faransa ne suka gina shi bisa gayyatar da shugaban kasar na lokacin Saparmurat Niyazov ya yi masa. An kuma gina wani kabari a nan, inda shugaban kasar ya huta tun a shekarar 2006.
An gina ginin da farin marmara, kubba da saman minaret na zinariya ne. An gina hanyoyin jiragen saman ne ta yadda lokacin sauka, daga tagogin jirgin, wani gagarumin kallon masallacin yana budewa daga sama. Kundin ya yi kama da octagon, akwai kofofin shiga takwas, bi da bi. Tsayin ginin masallacin ya kai mita 55, minara 40 ya tashi sama da mita 4. A babbar kofar shiga, masu yawon bude ido suna maraba da wani katafaren magudanar ruwa da wani dutsen dutse. An yi kofofin da goro na Moroko masu tsada, sassaƙaƙen tauraro mai ƙafa takwas suna ko'ina.
5. Masallacin Hassan II
Sarkin Moroko Hassan II ya yanke shawarar barin abin tunawa tsawon shekaru aru-aru sannan ya ba da umarnin kafa wani masallaci mai alfarma. A lokaci guda kuma, ba ya son kashe kuɗin jama'a kuma ya tilasta wa dukan mazauna ƙasar shiga cikin bankin alade na kowa. A cewar wasu rahotanni, Moroccans sun tattara kusan dala miliyan 500 a cikin sharuddan zamani - adadi mai ban mamaki na waɗannan shekarun. A sakamakon haka, an ba da takaddun shaida na sarauta, wanda har yanzu mazauna yankin suna alfahari.
Ginin hadadden haikalin yana kan gabar Tekun Atlantika, ganuwar da gine-gine masallacin Hassan II wanda aka yi da farin marmara. Masu gine-ginen sun gina ginshiƙai 2 a wurin, kuma an isar da fitilun dozin biyar kai tsaye daga Venice.
Wurin da ake amfani da shi na masallacin yana da ban sha'awa - fiye da Ikklesiya 100 za a iya saukar da su a nan a lokaci guda, amma ba a taɓa samun adadin masu bi ba. Kasan da ke cikin zauren addu'a a wasu wuraren yana da abubuwan da aka shigar a fili: a karkashinsu yana fantsama teku mara iyaka. An dauki hadadden masallacin a matsayin masallaci na biyu mafi girma, amma saboda wasu dalilai ba a san shi ba. Minarets sun kai tsayin mita 000; wannan babban tsari ne na gaske.
4. Masallacin Shah
Ginin gine-ginen yana da nisan kilomita 350 daga babban birnin Iran - Tehran, a cikin birnin Isfahan. A shekara ta 1387, an san birnin a wurare da yawa na duniya, amma ya sha wahala sakamakon cin nasara da sojojin babban Tamerlane suka yi. Wannan shi ne lokacin "babban kisan kiyashi", bayan sakamakon mummunan sakamakon da sojojin Timur suka gina wani tudu na 70 skulls. Amma Isfahan ya samu farfadowa ya farfado, har ma ya zama babban birnin kasar Iran.
A shekara ta 1600, an fara babban gine-gine a waɗannan wurare, a zahiri birnin ya tashi daga toka kuma ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci da jiha ta ƙasar. Yanzu mutane miliyan 1,5 suna zaune a nan, kuma an adana al'adar sanannun kafet na Farisa da hannu a nan.
Masallacin Shah yana nuna al'adun gida na Iran wajen gina wuraren ibada na marigayi na tsakiyar zamanai. Yankin haikalin haikalin ya wuce 20 m², tsayin ginin masallacin shine mita 000, minarets - mita 52. A cikin haikalin, ƴan yawon bude ido za su iya jin daɗin kyan gani na mimbari don karanta Kur'ani, mihrab na marmara don addu'a. Amsar da aka yi a cikin masallacin na da ban mamaki: ana yin ta ne sau 42, ba tare da la’akari da inda sautin ya samo asali ba.
3. Masallacin Zahir
Ɗaya daga cikin masallatai masu mahimmanci da girmamawa a Malaysia, wanda aka gina a cikin 1912. Gidan ibada kuma yana daya daga cikin masallatai 10 mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau a duniya, kuma wurin da aka gina gunkin yana da mahimmanci na addini ga Malaysians: a can. wata makabarta ce ta mayakan da suka mutu a shekara ta 1821 a lokacin arangama da Siam, wadanda suka mamaye wadannan wurare.
Tsarin gine-ginen masallacin a zahiri ba kamar sauran wuraren ibada na musulmin duniya ba ne. Fiye da muminai 5 za su iya zama a lokaci guda a zauren addu'o'in haikalin, nan da nan bayan gininsa akwai ginin kotun shari'a da gidan gandun daji. Kubbai biyar na masallacin suna alamta rukunnan imani da al'adun Musulunci guda biyar. Anan ake gudanar da gasar karatun kur'ani. Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan ma ta ba da jubili da tsabar zinare da aka sadaukar don Masallacin Zahir.
2. Masallacin Sidi Uqba
Ana ɗaukar wannan rukunin haikalin masallaci mafi tsufa a Afirka, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 60 daga babban birnin Tunisiya - birni mai suna. Masallacin Sidi Uqba An san shi tun shekara ta 670, bisa ga almara, Allah da kansa ya nuna wurin da za a gina haikalin, kuma kwamandan yankin na lokacin, Okba ibn Nafa, ya sami damar sanya masallacin a dutse.
Yankin hadaddun yana da kusan 9 m², shine masallaci na hudu mafi mahimmanci. Wannan wuri ne na addini da addu'a, duk cike da ruhin tarihi, Gabas da Afirka. Akwai ginshiƙan tsoho 000 tare da kewayen tsakar gida, kuma dukkansu suna da tsari da kayan ado daban-daban. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne, ba wai an halicce su ne don gina masallaci na musamman ba, an kawo su ne daga garuruwan da ba kowa na daular Rum, wadanda aka ruguza a yankin Tunisia.
Muhimman kayan tarihi sune tsoffin kango da aka kawo daga sanannen Carthage. Minnatar ta kai tsayin mita 30 kuma, a cewar almara, wannan shi ne masallaci na farko da aka yi amfani da wannan abu. Minbarin katako don karanta Kur'ani an kiyaye shi sosai, kuma ya riga ya kai aƙalla shekaru 1.
1. Masallacin Zayed
Ana kiran wannan masallacin "White Wonder of the East" kuma an gina shi a shekara ta 2007 kan kudi Yuro miliyan 700. An gina wurin ne domin girmama wani mutum na hakika, wanda idan ba a yi kasa irin ta Saudiyya ba. Sheikh Zayed ibn Sultan Al Nahyan ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa daraja a kasar, a lokacin mulkinsa ya hada kan kabilun Saudiyya da ke da sabani, sannan ya samar da daya daga cikin kasashe mafi arziki da wadata.
Tsarin gine-ginen masallacin shine mafi kyawun hanyoyin tarihi na gine-ginen musulmi da fasahar zamani. An kawo mafi kyawun darajar marmara daga China da Italiya, manyan mashahuran masu sana'a na Iran ne suka kirkiri kafet da hannu (mutane 1 sun yi aiki). Girka da Indiya sun zama masu samar da gilashi mafi kyau, an yi duwatsun Swarovski don ado a Austria ta hannun mafi kyawun injiniyoyin Amurka. Chandeliers an kera su musamman kuma an haɗa su a Jamus, kuma nauyin na tsakiya shine ton 200. Masallacin Zayed shi ne babban haikalin musulmi mafi girma, kuma mafi kyawun abin sha'awa - kowane daki-daki a nan an yi la'akari da shi kuma an yi shi daga kayan mafi tsada.