Manyan Maganin Gout guda 10 ga Maza da Mata
"Cutar sarakuna" - wannan shine yadda ake kira gout a zamanin da, amma, da rashin alheri, a yau yana da masaniya ba kawai ga sarakuna ba. Jin zafi a lokacin hare-haren wannan cuta ana daukar su mafi tsanani da aka sani. Menene gout da yadda za a magance shi? Game da wannan a cikin labarinmu.

Gout cuta ce ta tsari. Dalilin cutar shine rashin lafiya na rayuwa wanda yawan adadin uric acid a cikin jini ya karu, wanda ke haifar da ƙaddamar da lu'ulu'u na uric acid (urates) a cikin haɗin gwiwa da kyallen takarda.1.

A lokaci guda, ƙara yawan uric acid a cikin jini ba koyaushe yana nuna gout ba. Hyperuricemia kuma yana tare da wasu cututtuka, kamar cututtukan koda, ciwace-ciwacen daji, ko cututtukan jini. Ana iya lura da wannan yanayin bayan motsa jiki mai yawa ko tare da cin zarafin abinci mai mai. Kashi 10% na jihohin hyperuricemia ne kawai ke ci gaba zuwa gout.

Mafi halayyar alamar gout shine tarin urates a cikin kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki da kuma faruwar mummunan hare-haren zafi a wuraren da suka taru.

Menene zai iya haifar da gout? Kamar kowane cuta a cikin ci gaban gout, akwai abubuwan haɗari:

  • insulin juriya;
  • hauhawar jini;
  • cin nama mai yawa da jajayen nama;
  • shan barasa, musamman giya;
  • rashin fitar da uric acid a cikin cututtukan koda;
  • wasu nau'ikan maganin ciwon daji da maganin tarin fuka;
  • cututtuka na autoimmune;
  • gadon gado.

Gout yawanci yana rinjayar haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke ƙayyade hoton asibiti. A matsayinka na mai mulki, zafi yana da karfi sosai, mai raɗaɗi da na kullum. Babban alamun gout sune:

  • hare-haren arthritis mai tsanani;
  • samuwar tophi - nodes na gouty a cikin mafi girman tarin urates;
  • lalacewar koda.

Abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na babban yatsan yatsan hannu sun fi shafa. Mafi ƙarancin haɗin gwiwa sune manyan haɗin gwiwa: idon ƙafa, gwiwa, gwiwar hannu, wuyan hannu, haɗin gwiwar hannu.

Harin zafi yakan fara da dare ko da safe. Redness da kumburi na haɗin gwiwa ya bayyana, zafi yana faruwa, wanda ke ƙaruwa zuwa matsakaicin bayan 12-24 hours. Sau da yawa, haɗin gwiwa yana yin zafi don taɓawa kuma yana amsawa da zafi ga taɓawa mafi sauƙi.

Mafi sau da yawa wannan gout yana shafar maza bayan shekaru 40. Suna samun rashin lafiya sau 7 fiye da mata2. Cutar a cikin mata tana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin metabolism a lokacin menopause kuma yana faruwa ne saboda raguwar matakan isrogen. Gaskiyar ita ce, estrogens kai tsaye yana shafar samar da uric acid, yana rage maida hankali a cikin jini.

Bugu da kari, abincin maza da mata ma ya bambanta. A cikin cin abinci na maza akwai babban adadin abubuwan da ke da ban sha'awa: jan nama da nama, barasa mai karfi da giya. Yawan aiki na jiki, yanayin damuwa kuma yana haifar da ƙara yawan abun ciki na uric acid.

Hakanan yanayin gout a cikin maza da mata ya bambanta.2. Siffofin gout a cikin maza:

  • farkon cutar yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 30-40 shekaru;
  • manyan yatsan ƙafa da haɗin gwiwar ƙafa sun fi shafar su.

Siffofin gout a cikin mata:

  • farkon cutar a cikin tsufa da matsayi na postmenopausal;
  • haɗin gwiwa na hannaye sun fi shafar sau da yawa;
  • Mafi sau da yawa tophi (gouty nodes) suna samuwa.

Dalilan gout

Cutar tana faruwa ne lokacin da ake damun furotin a cikin jiki. A baya can, an kira gout da "cututtukan sarauta", tun da kawai masu arziki ne kawai ke da damar yin amfani da ruwan inabi mai yawa, nama - samfurori da ke taimakawa wajen bunkasa gout. A yau, wannan abincin yana samuwa ga sassa daban-daban na jama'a. Tsofaffi sun fi kamuwa da cutar, amma akwai lokuta da cutar ko da a cikin shekaru 30.

  • Ƙungiyar haɗari ta haɗa da: masu shan giya, masu cin nama, masu kiba.

  • Gout sau da yawa yana tasowa a cikin mutanen da ke shan diuretics.

  • Gout yana faruwa ne lokacin da rashin aiki na koda ko cutar koda.

Lallai dukkan hanyoyin da ke jikin ku kwakwalwa ne ke sarrafa su. Kwakwalwar Kwakwalwar ku suna karɓar bayanai daga dukkan gabobin jiki da tsarin, bincika wannan bayanin, samar da abin da ya dace, da watsa umarni masu dacewa ta ƙwayoyin jijiya zuwa gabobin jikin ku daban-daban.

Gout - Cikakken Tafiya na Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya, Magungunan Gida, Yawan Nasara

Jerin manyan magunguna 10 marasa tsada da inganci don gout

Maganin gout ya haɗa da magungunan magunguna da magungunan marasa magani.2. Magungunan marasa magani sun haɗa da: rage yawan nama da abincin teku a cikin abinci, barin barasa, giya da shan taba, asarar nauyi a cikin kiba, koyon hanyar rayuwa mai kyau.

Magungunan ƙwayoyi sun haɗa da kawar da mummunan harin gout da maganin antihyperuricemic, wanda ke ba ku damar rage matakin uric acid a cikin jiki, hana samuwar urates da kuma narkar da waɗanda suka riga sun samo asali.

A cikin m lokaci, wadanda ba steroidal anti-kumburi kwayoyi (NSAIDs) a hade tare da Colchicine taimaka rage zafi. Bayan haka, ana ba da magungunan anti-gout.

Tare da gwaninmu - Babban likita Mikhail Lystsov mun tattara kimar magunguna marasa tsada da inganci don gout.

Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal (NSAIDs)

1. Ketonal

Babban abu mai aiki na Ketonal shine Ketoprofen, wanda ke da analgesic, anti-mai kumburi da antipyretic sakamako. Ana lura da matsakaicin abun ciki na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jini a cikin mintuna 15-30 bayan gudanarwa. Yana ɗaure da sunadaran jini da kashi 99% kuma yana shiga cikin ruwan haɗin gwiwa sosai, saboda haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin maganin gout.

An nunawa: peptic miki na ciki da duodenum, hemophilia da zubar jini cuta, mai tsanani na koda da hanta gazawar, zuciya gazawar a mataki na decompensation, yanayin bayan jijiyoyin bugun gini kewaye grafting, zub da jini ko zato daga gare su, dyspepsia, ciki da kuma lactation, yara a karkashin 12. shekarun da suka wuce, hypersensitivity zuwa ketoprofen da acetylsalicylic acid.

Sha miyagun ƙwayoyi 1-2 capsules sau 2-3 a rana tare da ruwa mai yawa ko madara.

2. Nimesulide

A tsakiyar Nimesulide shine sinadari mai aiki na wannan suna. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya hana kira na prostaglandins - provocateurs na kumburi. Nimesulide yana aiki kai tsaye a cikin yankin kumburi, yana da analgesic, tasirin antipyretic. Matsakaicin sakamako yana samun sa'o'i 2-3 bayan shan kwaya.

Baya ga harin gout, Nimesulide yana da tasiri a cikin rheumatic da psoriatic amosanin gabbai, spondylitis, osteoarthritis da osteochondrosis, myalgia na yanayi daban-daban, sprains, tendons da sauran raɗaɗi. Sha miyagun ƙwayoyi 1 kwamfutar hannu sau 2 a rana bayan abinci.

An nunawa: daidai da sauran magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal, amma shekarun yara yana iyakance ga shekaru 12. Hakanan, bai kamata a ɗauki Nimesulide tare da wasu NSAIDs ba.

3. Meloxicam-Akrihin

Babban sashi mai aiki shine Meloxicam, wanda kuma yana cikin rukunin magungunan da ba steroidal anti-inflammatory ba. Ana amfani da Meloxicam a cikin maganin osteoarthritis, arthrosis, cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa, cututtuka na rheumatoid, spondylitis, cututtuka na tsoka, sciatica da sauran raɗaɗi. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin maganin gout, kodayake masana'anta ba su lura da wannan ba. Meloxicam ya kamata a sha 1 kwamfutar hannu sau 1 a rana.

An nunawa kuma illolin iri ɗaya ne da na sauran NSAIDs.

4. Celecoxib

Ana kiran maganin ne bayan babban kayan aiki mai aiki. Bambance-bambancensa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa Celecoxib ya fi tasiri a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya (musamman a cikin mata), baya rage aikin koda kuma yana da ban haushi ga mucosa na ciki. Celecoxib yana magance ciwon haɗin gwiwa yadda ya kamata, don haka ana ba da shi sau da yawa a cikin maganin gout. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar maganin capsule 1 sau ɗaya a rana ko a cikin kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu.

An nunawa: bugun jini na jini, zubar jini na subarachnoid, shekaru har zuwa shekaru 18.

Wakilan Antigout

5. Colchicine

Colchicine shine maganin layi na farko don hare-haren gouty. Magungunan yana rage matakin farin jini a cikin yankin kumburi kuma yana rage yawan gishirin uric acid. Colchicine yana da tasiri sosai a cikin mummunan harin gout: riga a cikin sa'o'i 12 na farko yanayin ya inganta sosai. Tare da amfani da Colchicine yau da kullun, yuwuwar harin na biyu yana raguwa da 75%3.

Hanyar aikace-aikace: dauki miyagun ƙwayoyi don mummunan harin gout, 1 kwamfutar hannu kowane 1-2 hours har sai zafi ya ragu (ba fiye da 8 allunan kowace rana). Don hana kai hare-hare, ana shan Colchicine rabin kwamfutar hannu sau ɗaya a rana don tsawon lokacin jiyya.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity zuwa aka gyara, m zuciya, hanta da koda gazawar, ciki da kuma lactation, shekaru har zuwa shekaru 18. Babban illolin magani sune tashin zuciya, amai, da ciwon ciki.

6. Colchicum-tarwatsa

Colchicum shiri ne na ganye wanda aka yi daga tsaba colchicum kaka. Yana nufin ingantattun magungunan gout. A cikin sharuddan pharmacological mataki da contraindications, shi ne wani shuka analogue na Colchicine, amma ba shi da shekaru hani, da kuma saitin illa ne da yawa kasa.3.

Hanyar aikace-aikace: idan akwai wani mummunan hari, ɗauki 2 allunan lokaci daya, sa'an nan kuma kwamfutar hannu daya kowane 1-2 hours har sai jin zafi.

An nunawa: hypersensitivity zuwa sassan da miyagun ƙwayoyi, ciki da kuma lactation, hanta da koda gazawar, zalunci na hematopoiesis.

7. Allopurinol

Allopurinol wani wakili ne na rigakafin gout da Rasha ta yi. Abun da ke aiki na wannan suna a cikin abun da ke ciki yana hana enzyme da ke cikin kira na uric acid. Magungunan yana rage abun ciki na uric acid a cikin jini da fitsari kuma, a sakamakon haka, yana rage tarawa a cikin gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda.3.

 Allopurinol yana da tasiri a cikin dogon lokaci na maganin gout na yau da kullum, amma ba za a iya amfani da shi ba a cikin mummunan lokaci, saboda yana ƙara zafi da tsanani na harin.

Yadda ake amfani da: ana shan miyagun ƙwayoyi 1 kwamfutar hannu sau ɗaya a rana. Za a iya ƙara kashi a hankali har sai an sami sakamako da ake so.

An nunawa: gazawar koda da hanta, ciki da shayarwa, yara masu kasa da shekaru 3.

8. Febuxostat

Febuxostat magani ne na rigakafin gout da Rasha ta yi. Babban sashi mai aiki - febuxostat - yana hana enzymes da ke cikin haɗin uric acid, don haka rage abun ciki a cikin jini. Febuxostat yawanci ana ba da izini don rashin haƙuri ga magungunan layin farko. Ana iya ɗaukar miyagun ƙwayoyi ba tare da la'akari da abinci ba, yana taimakawa sosai a kowane zamani. Koyaya, magani na dogon lokaci tare da Febuxostat na iya haifar da rikicewar dyspeptic, rashes na fata da edema. Wani lokaci ana samun raguwa kaɗan a cikin aikin hanta da sake dawowar harin gouty.

Yadda ake amfani da: 1 kwamfutar hannu sau ɗaya a rana, ba tare da la'akari da abincin ba.

An nunawa: hypersensitivity zuwa sassan da miyagun ƙwayoyi, mai tsanani na koda da hanta insufficiency, ciki da kuma lactation, shekaru har zuwa shekaru 18.

9. Gwoza

Wani magani tare da febuxostat a cikin tushe. An wajabta Goutagrel don maganin hyperuricemia na kullum, gouty arthritis da tophi. Ana iya ɗaukar miyagun ƙwayoyi kawai bayan kawar da mummunan harin gout - 1 kwamfutar hannu kowace rana.

An nunawa: hypersensitivity zuwa febuxostat, shekaru a karkashin 18 shekaru, ciki da kuma lactation, galactose rashin haƙuri da lactase rashi. Lokaci-lokaci, miyagun ƙwayoyi yana haifar da sakamako masu illa a cikin nau'in ciwon kai, zawo, tashin zuciya, fatar fata.

10. Urisan

A cikin jerinmu, Urisan shine kawai kari na abinci, yayin da yake ɗaukar wurin da ya dace a cikin maganin gout mai laushi. Urisan shiri ne na ganye wanda ya ƙunshi flavonoids da curcumin. Yana taimakawa rage zafi, rage kumburi da kumburin gidajen abinci, cire gishiri da daidaita matakin uric acid. Ya kamata a sha Urisan 2 capsules sau 2 a rana tare da abinci.

Contraindications: ciki da kuma lactation, mutum rashin haƙuri ga sassan da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Yadda za a zabi kwayoyi don gout

Zaɓin magani mai mahimmanci don gout kai tsaye ya dogara da mataki na cutar kuma yana buƙatar shawarwari na wajibi tare da likita. Wasu kwayoyi ba su dace da diuretics, wasu suna contraindicated a cikin wani m harin da cutar. Gudanar da kai na miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da ƙara yawan ciwo da kuma muni da yanayin. Kada ku yi amfani da kanku, ku amince da zabin miyagun ƙwayoyi ga likita.

Reviews na likitoci game da kwayoyi don gout

Ba da dadewa ba, babban dalilin gout shine abinci, amma maganin cutar ya kamata ya zama mai rikitarwa da haɗuwa. A cikin wani mummunan hari, ana ba da magungunan colchicine da marasa steroidal anti-kumburi, kuma bayan an sami saukin harin, ya kamata a dauki magungunan anti-gout na dogon lokaci.

Maganin gout yawanci na dogon lokaci kuma an haɗa shi tare da tsayayyen abinci. A wannan lokacin, ana soke ko maye gurbin magungunan diuretics da madadin magunguna. A halin yanzu, gout sau da yawa yana haɗuwa tare da ilimin cututtuka na kodan da tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kiba. Har ila yau, yana buƙatar haɗin kai don maganin gout.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mafi na kowa tambayoyi game da jiyya na gout an amsa da babban likita Mikhail Lystsov.

Wane likita zan tuntubi don gout?

Yin amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na maganin gout a hade tare da magani yana rage zafi, tsawon lokaci da yawan hare-hare.

Sakamakon tarwatsewar tsire-tsire masu yawa na magani akan tsarin ma'adinai a cikin gidajen abinci yana da alaƙa da tasirin abubuwa masu aiki na halitta (mahimman mai, Organic acid, microelements) a cikin pH na fitsari, wanda ke canza ƙimar saturation tare da crystalloids.

Tare da karuwa a cikin pH na fitsari daga 6.5 zuwa 7, laka na wasu nau'ikan phosphates ya ninka, kuma tare da tsananin acidic na fitsari, sun narke.

Ƙarfafa fitar da salts na fitsari daga shirye-shiryen ganye masu wadata a cikin Organic acid:

Metabolism a cikin sel zai inganta saboda daidaitawar jini na capillary. Hanyoyin cire gubobi da gubobi daga sel da gabobin za su kara ƙaruwa, rigakafi zai ƙarfafa.

Tsire-tsire na magani bisa ga aikinsu ana iya raba su cikin yanayi ta hanyar yanayi:

  1. Gishiri mai narkewa da diuretic;

  2. Inganta metabolism;

  3. Ƙarfafawa na peristalsis na santsin tsokoki na tsarin urinary

  4. antispasmodic;

  5. anti-mai kumburi;

  6. Maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.

Tarin ya hada da ganyen magani, wato 🍃:

A taƙaice game da abubuwan da ke tattare da tarin tsire-tsire na magani 🍃:

Magungunan waje don gout

Manyan Maganin Gout guda 10 ga Maza da Mata
Manyan Maganin Gout guda 10 ga Maza da Mata

Normalisation na rage cin abinci - rage cin abinci ga gout

Baya ga maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki yana da mahimmanci - abinci ga gout. Idan mai haƙuri ya bi abincin, to, hare-haren cutar ba zai iya faruwa ba har tsawon shekaru.

Yana da wuya kowa a ƙarshe ya kawar da "cutar sarauta". Amma wasu ƙuntatawa na abinci na iya rage yawan hare-haren ta'addanci na gout. A cikin mutane, cin abinci na gout yana zuwa ga rage cin nama, abinci mai mai da gishiri, da kuma ƙin shan kofi, sukari da abubuwan sha.

Yana da kyau a iyakance gishiri a cikin abinci, saboda yana riƙe ruwa a cikin kyallen takarda kuma yana hana mahaɗan uric acid wanke ta cikin kodan.

Abincin da ya ƙunshi purine waɗanda yakamata a iyakance su sun haɗa da:

  1. Legumes - wake, wake, lentil, wake.

  2. Kifi - sprats, sardines, sprat, cod, zander, pike.

  3. Offal - koda, hanta, huhu, kwakwalwa.

  4. Namomin kaza - fari, champignon.

  5. Wasu kayan lambu (zobo, alayyahu, ɓaure, rhubarb, radishes, bishiyar asparagus, farin kabeji).

  6. Nama (naman alade, naman sa, rago, Goose).

  7. Sausages (musamman ma liverwurst).

  8. Nama da kifi broths, yisti, oatmeal, goge shinkafa.

  9. An fi amfani da nama a tafasa, tunda kusan kashi 50% na purines suna shiga cikin mai.

An nuna cewa yana iyakance kayan da ke motsa tsarin juyayi: kofi, shayi mai karfi, koko, kayan ciye-ciye masu yaji, kayan yaji, da dai sauransu. Shan barasa na iya haifar da hare-haren gout saboda barasa yana lalata fitar da uric acid daga kodan.

Dole ne in faɗi cewa ba kowa ba ne zai iya yin watsi da abincin da aka saba da shi nan da nan. Amma lokacin da a farkon harin akwai zafi, kamar ana yanke su da rai, da yawa har yanzu suna ƙoƙari su canza zuwa abinci mai matsakaici.

Abubuwan da ke da amfani ga gout sune madara da kayan kiwo (wanda ya ƙunshi calcium don ƙarfafa ƙasusuwa), hatsi, kayan lambu (dankali, zucchini, cucumbers da tumatir, kabewa), berries, kowane nau'in goro (sai dai gyada), dafaffen nama da dafaffen kifi.

Abincin abinci don gout:

BABU DAGA ABINCI:

MIJI:

Nama da broths na naman kaza, miya tare da zobo, alayyafo, legumes

NAMA:

Nama, kaza, rago, naman alade, koda, hanta, huhu, kwakwalwa, tsiran alade, kyafaffen nama, abincin gwangwani

KIFI:

Fatty, gishiri, kyafaffen, gwangwani

KAYAN KIWO:

Cuku mai yaji da gishiri, cukuwar feta

Hatsi da taliya:

kayan lambu

KAYAN UWA:

letas, rhubarb, zobo, alayyahu, farin kabeji

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries, DADI:

Figs, raspberries, cakulan

TAMBAYOYI:

Cocoa, shayi mai ƙarfi da kofi, yisti da abubuwan sha

KAYAN SANYI:

Sauces akan nama da kifi kifi, broth naman kaza, barkono, mustard, horseradish

Abincin ciye-ciye:

Kayan ciye-ciye masu yaji da gishiri, nama mai kyafaffen, abincin gwangwani, tsiran alade

Kitse:

Rago, naman sa, naman alade, man girki

AKA YARDA A CIKIN IYAKA MAI KYAU

Kayan burodi da fulawa:

Kayayyakin irin kek masu iyaka

KWAYOYI:

Kwai daya a kowace rana na kowane shiri

NAMA:

Naman sa, zomo, kaza, turkey - Boiled sau 1-2 a mako

KIFI:

Ƙananan nau'in kifin kifi a cikin nau'i na Boiled sau 1-2 a mako

Hatsi da taliya:

taliya

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries, DADI:

plum

TAMBAYOYI:

ruwan tumatir

SHAWARAR DON ABINCI:

Kayan burodi da fulawa:

Alkama da hatsin rai gurasa.

MIJI:

Miyan ganyaye tare da ƙarin kayan lambu da hatsi iri-iri, borsch, okroshka, beetroot, miyan madara.

RUWA:

Shrimp, squid

KAYAN KIWO:

Madara, kefir, madara mai curd, cuku gida, cuku marasa yaji

Hatsi da taliya:

Daban-daban hatsi na kowane shiri

KAYAN UWA:

Dankali, beets, karas, zucchini, kabewa, tumatir, barkono mai dadi, eggplants, farin kabeji, cucumbers

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries, DADI:

Duk wani 'ya'yan itace, sabo ne berries da kuma bayan magani mai zafi, 'ya'yan itatuwa bushe, zuma, jam

TAMBAYOYI:

Tea mai rauni da kofi tare da madara, 'ya'yan itace da ruwan 'ya'yan itace kayan lambu, jiko rosehip

KAYAN SANYI:

Sauces akan broth kayan lambu, tumatir, madara mai tsami, vanillin, kirfa

Abincin ciye-ciye:

Salatin kayan lambu, cuku mai laushi

Kitse:

Man shanu da kayan lambu mai

Me zai faru idan ba a kula ba?

A mafi yawan lokuta, ci gaban gout yana haifar da rikitarwa mai tsanani wanda ke haifar da barazana ga lafiyar ku, kuma sau da yawa rayuwa.

Wadannan rikitarwa sun haɗa da:

Idan ba ku ɗauki matakan gaggawa ba ko amfani da jiyya mara inganci, to babu makawa matakai masu ƙarfi na pathological zasu fara a cikin jikin ku, wanda zai haifar da canje-canjen da ba za a iya canzawa ba a cikin tsarin musculoskeletal da gabobin ciki.

Ciwon kai na yau da kullun, ban da rashin jin daɗi na gaba ɗaya, zai haifar da haɓakar cututtukan psychosomatic da vegetative-vascular cuta. Bugu da ƙari, idan babu ingantaccen kulawar likita, nakasar haɗin gwiwa na iya zama wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba.

Idan kun sami bayanai masu amfani, to muna farin ciki!

Zama lafiya!

  1. Gout Jagorori ga manyan likitocin (likitocin iyali). Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha. 2015. https://endouroclinic.ru/media/file-galleries/qpbowb/Podagra%20Rukovodstvo%202015.PDF
  2. Jagororin asibiti. Bincike da maganin gout a cikin aikin likita na gabaɗaya, 2013. https://rykovodstvo.ru/exspl/56548/index.html
  3. Rajista na magunguna na Rasha. https://www.rlsnet.ru/drugs/monural-2053

1 Comment

  1. molt complert.
    kana da gaskiya da adalci.
    m.

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