NN Ge
"Ge sadu da NL Tolstoy a shekara ta 1882. Wannan sanin, wanda ya zama abokantaka na kud da kud, ya bar wata alama mai zurfi a cikin ayyukan shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwar mai zane. Tasirin Tolstoy akan Ge bai iyakance ga fassarar ɗabi'a na matani na Littafi Mai Tsarki da wa'azin kyautata halin ɗabi'a ba. Har ila yau, an bayyana shi a cikin zurfin ilimin halin dan Adam na hotuna na wannan zamani. An rubuta su da babban ikon fasaha, suna nuna bangaskiyar mai zane ga mutum kuma suna nuna iyawar sa.
A shekara ta 1884, akwai "hoton marubuci Tolstoy" (Tretyakov Gallery), wanda aka rubuta a cikin binciken gidansa a Khamovniki, lokacin da Tolstoy ke aiki a kan littafin "Mene ne bangaskiyata?" Ge ne ya sake haifar da wannan tsarin ƙirƙira a cikin hoto, ya ƙirƙiri zanen hoto, kamar yawancin masu fasahar Rasha na waɗannan shekarun.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1831 - 1894) ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zane-zane na Rasha. Kakansa (Gay) ya yi hijira daga Faransa a ƙarshen karni na 1863. Bayan manyan nasarori masu yawa - musamman ma zanen "Jibin Ƙarshe" (1875) - Ge ya sami matsala mai zurfi a cikin XNUMX. Ya yi watsi da fasaha kuma ya ci gaba da magance batutuwan addini da kyawawan halaye. Ya sayi karamin gona a our country, kusa da Chernigov, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya rayu ta hanyar aikin karkara: bayan haka, fasaha, kamar yadda ya ce yanzu, ba zai iya zama hanyar rayuwa ba, ba za a iya kasuwanci ba.
Abota tsakanin Ge da Tolstoy ta fara ne a shekara ta 1882. A wannan shekarar, Ge ya karanta labarin Tolstoy a jaridu a kan “ƙidayar yawan jama’a” a birnin Moscow da gangan. Da ya ziyarci ɗakunan ajiya kuma ya ga abubuwan da ba su da kyau a cikinsu, Tolstoy ya rubuta: “Kin mu ga ’yan ƙasa shi ne dalilin rashin lafiyarsu.” Wannan jumlar da aka ba da izini Ge, ya tafi Moscow, ya zauna a can fiye da wata guda kuma ya ziyarci Tolstoy kowace rana. Ya fara nuna Tolstoy da iyalinsa. Daga baya, ya ziyarce shi sau da yawa a Yasnaya Polyana; sun zama kusa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, saboda dalilin da cewa bayan rubuta Anna Karenina, Tolstoy kansa ya fuskanci babban rikicin rayuwa da kuma tsarin sake haifuwa mai karfi. Suka yi wasiƙa, sun yi musayar tsare-tsare. Ge ya yi shawara da Tolstoy game da aikinsa kuma ya bi shawararsa don bayyana Kiristanci mai sauƙi a cikin zane-zanensa, wanda mutane suka fahimta kuma suna bukata.
Ge ya zama farkon Tolstoyan. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya bi duk koyarwar Tolstoy a cikin tsarin rayuwarsa. Ya fara aiki a jiki, yana shimfida murhu ga makwabta. "Bayan yin aiki ta wannan hanyar duk rana, NN har yanzu ba ta ci abinci ba. A wannan lokacin, ya zama mai cin ganyayyaki (kafin ya kusan cin naman sa na musamman) har ma yana sha'awar cin abin da ba ya so: alal misali, yana son buckwheat porridge, don haka ya ci gero, duk wannan tare da man kayan lambu, ko ba tare da mai ba. kwata-kwata. Duk da haka, daga baya, kadan kadan, duk waɗannan wuce gona da iri sun daina. Tolstoy ya shigar a cikin littafin tarihinsa cewa Ge (“kakan”) ya ce: bai kamata mutum ya “ tilasta wa wasu su bauta wa kan su cikin mafi sauki abubuwa ba.” Ya girmama Tolstoy musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyin da suke so su Tolstoy ya tsara su a baya kuma fiye da shi. A 1886, ya yi watsi da dukiyarsa, kofe ga matarsa Anna Petrovna da yara. Hakika, "Rayuwar Sauƙaƙe" da Ge ya yi a cikin shekaru 12 na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa ta kasance baƙo ga Zhenya. “Uwargida ba ta son rayuwa cikin sauƙi,” Ge ta rubuta wa Tolstoy a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1890. Tattaunawa tsakanin Ge da Tolstoy ya fara jim kaɗan bayan 1882 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Ge.
A tsakiyar watan Yuni 1892, Ge ya yi maraba da buga labarin Tolstoy Mataki na Farko. Ya yaba wa wannan roƙo na cin ganyayyaki a cikin wasiƙu zuwa ga marubucin, kuma yayin da yake karanta wa wasu rubutun, ya yi ƙoƙari ya yada shi. In ba haka ba, ya sanar da Tolstoy daki-daki game da yanayin gonarsa: "Gidan lambun suna da kyau. <...> masara ta riga ta yi girma, dankali, wake, komai yana da kyau.
Ge ya zama kusa da Tolstoy har ya kai ga Tolstoy cikin zolaya ya ce: “Idan ba na cikin dakin, to NN na iya ba ku amsa; Zai yi magana daidai da ni.
Lokacin da aka gudanar da taron masu cin ganyayyaki na Rasha na farko a Moscow a 1913, Ge ya mutu kusan shekaru 20. Amma "nuni mai cin ganyayyaki", wanda aka bude daga 16 zuwa 21 ga Afrilu, an kuma yi masa ado da zane-zane. Abota da Tolstoy nan da nan mika zuwa ga ɗan artist Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1857-1949). Wasikun Tolstoy da shi sun ma fi na mahaifinsa yawa. A cikin kundi na ɗakin cin abinci "Rashin abinci na Haƙori" a cikin birnin Tashkent, wanda Nikolai Nikolayevich zai iya karantawa mai zuwa: salon cin ganyayyaki shine "kawai mataki na farko da Lev Nikolaevich ya rubuta game da shekaru 25 da suka wuce. Kuma ya zuwa yanzu ita ce ta farko. Wannan tattakewa mataki na farko ya kai ga cewa da yawa sun gangaro daga gare ta bayan sun taba hawa shi da sha'awa. <...> Domin matakin farko ya zama mataki kuma ya zama na farko, wajibi ne a bi shi da sauran matakai. Cin ganyayyaki a cikin kansa kawai tsafta ne kuma yana haifar da munafunci da gamsuwa da kansa, idan ba shine farkon rayuwar ɗan adam mai hankali ba: "rashin cin gidajen matan da mazansu suka mutu da marayu", ta yadda ya zama matakin farko. rayuwar mutum. (Yuni 8, 1910). Nicholas Ge.