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Matsalar wuce gona da iri ta dade tana damun bil'adama. Sha'awar faranta wa wasu rai, don zama mai cancantar gasa ga zuciyar kishiyar jima'i suna tura maza da mata a kowane nau'i na gwaji a jiki. Wadanne nau'ikan abinci ne suka yi tasiri a baya, kuma menene abinci mai haɗari da matsananciyar wahala?
A zamanin dā, irin waɗannan matsalolin kamar su wuce gona da iri ba su da yawa. Amma bayan yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya, lokacin da rayuwa ta zama gamsuwa da iri-iri, sun bayyana kamar cikawa da kiba.
Mutumin kirki dole ne ya zama babba…
Duk waɗannan labarun game da tsohuwar Sinanci, Indiyawa, abincin Masar - bai wuce ƙirƙira na 'yan kasuwa ba. Rashin kayan aiki da yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullun ya sa mutanen da suka motsa, tafiya, da kuma ci gaba da cin abinci da kansu. Babu sukari - zai zo daga baya, na farko rake daga tsibirin Caribbean, kuma daga baya gwoza. Don kayan zaki, mutane suna cin zuma da busassun 'ya'yan itace.
Kuma cikawa a zamanin da ana ɗaukarsa alama ce ta wadata, wadata fiye da wasu aibi. Babu mujallu masu sheki tare da ƙirar bakin ciki, waɗanda ke ba da umarni ga salon. An ciyar da sarakuna da ƴan gidan sarauta daga motsa jiki.
Alal misali, Catherine II, saboda tsananin bakin ciki, dole ne ta tilasta wa kanta cin abinci don dacewa da matsayin amarya na Sarkin sarakuna, kuma kawai ta ƙara 'yan fam, ta zo kotu ta auri sarki. Kuma ku tuna Indiyawa ko Masarawa masu rawa, ciki, da cinyoyinsu waɗanda koyaushe suna da girma sosai.
... amma ba haka ba
Dietetics shugabanci ya bayyana a lokacin Hippocrates, Avicenna ya ci gaba. Abincin abinci kuma da farko ya kasance wani ɓangare na maganin, ba ga siririyar jiki ba.
Amma cin abinci wata hanya ce ta kawar da karin fam - ba abin mamaki ba - ya zo tunanin mutumin da ke fama da kiba. A cikin 1087, William the Conqueror ya yanke shawarar maimakon ya ci ya sha barasa don dawo da nauyinsa kuma ya sake hawan doki.
Sai kawai a cikin karni na 19, likitancin abinci ya fara ɗaukar nauyi tare da hannun hasken Laura Fraser na Amurka. Laura, ɗan ƙaramin ƙawata gaskiya, ta tattara bayanai game da yadda kakanninmu suka yi fama da nauyi mai yawa.
A cikin 1870, William Banting, a cikin "Wasika a kan ladabi," ya yi wani takamaiman bayani game da hatsarori na abinci da ke ɗauke da sukari mai yawa da sitaci. Biye da shawarwarinsa, ya ƙi irin wannan abinci kuma ya rasa kilo 20. Tunanin yana yaduwa tare da babban sauri a fadin Birtaniya, har ma ya bayyana kalmar "Banting" - asarar nauyi ta hanyar rage cin abinci mai hana sukari da sitaci.
Bayan shekaru 20, masanin ilmin sunadarai Wilbur Atwater ya "raba" akan sunadaran abinci, fats, da carbohydrates kuma yana auna ƙimar caloric kowane rukuni. Sannan jama'a suna da ra'ayin yadda makamashin da zai iya daukar abincin da yadda ake amfani da wannan makamashi.
Man inji, arsenic, siliki - abinci kuma
A cikin 1896, kayan aikin farko don asarar nauyi mai sauri sune asali na laxatives da diuretics amma suna cikin su da abubuwa kamar arsenic, soda wanka, strychnine, da sauran sinadarai masu haɗari. An tallata kudade ko'ina, kuma cikin sauri, suna da buƙatu mai yawa.
A cikin 1900, sun bayyana a matsayin alamun farko na cin abinci mai ɗanɗano. Gerard Carrington yana haɓaka abinci sosai, ɗanyen 'ya'yan itace kawai, da kayan lambu. Kuma masanin kimiyar Amurka Russell Chittenden ya fara auna abinci a cikin adadin kuzari, yana tantance yawan adadin kuzari ga matsakaicin mutum.
A cikin shekara ta 20 na karni na 19, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa cikakkun maza da ke samarwa a masana'antu, harsasai, da kuma kusanci da dinitrophenol abu da sauri sun rasa nauyi. Anan akwai wani abu da aka haɗa a cikin shawarwarin don asarar nauyi, kuma duk da haɗarinsa, likitoci ko marasa lafiya ba su ruɗe ba.
A cikin farin Marion a cikin 1843, an ba da shawarar cewa abinci mai gina jiki mai ma'adinai maimakon kayan lambu na yau da kullum, tun da mutum kuma saboda haka kada ku narke shi ba mai samar da kitse mara kyau ba. Duk da haka, saboda yawancin sakamako masu illa na tsarin narkewa, wannan kayan aiki bai tsaya ba.
A cikin 1951 ya bayyana na farko sweets dangane da saccharin. Abincin kayan zaki Tilly Lewis - puddings, jellies, sauces, da wuri sun kasance cikin buƙatu mai girma tsakanin waɗanda ke son rasa nauyi. Daga baya kadan ya bayyana ga samfuran mawallafin mutanen Jerusalem, Batista. An yi amfani da shi azaman siliki na wucin gadi maimakon fiber-abinci mai ban mamaki. Koyaya, masu siye a cikin tseren haɗin kai sun yarda da kowane gwaji.
Mai kitse!
A cikin 1961, an gane fatawoyi a matsayin mara amfani kuma mai cutarwa. Kasance shirin farko don rage kiba, wanda ya ba da shawarar Jack Lalan ya haɗa da tsarin motsa jiki na asarar nauyi, daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, mai da hankali kan furotin, gudanar da multivitamins, da sakin wallafe-wallafen masu motsa rai. Koyaya, bayan shekaru 5 na digiri, yana sake komawa zuwa kitsen da ake buƙata a cikin abincin kowane mutum. Sun ce amfanin kitsen da ke dauke da nama.
A cikin 1976, Robert Lynn ya ƙirƙira Kariyar Abincin Abinci don asarar nauyi, wanda aka shirya bisa ga fatun dabbar ƙasa, tendons, ƙasusuwa, da sauran sharar gida daga ɗanɗano da rini. Wannan kayan aiki yana haifar da mutuwar rasa nauyi a cikin ciwon zuciya, kuma ra'ayin shine gazawar.
A cikin 1980, a kan ɗakunan shaguna, zaku iya saduwa da ɗaruruwan littattafai akan abinci waɗanda ke ƙunshe da shawarwarin ban dariya a wasu lokuta daga yin amfani da manyan allurai na barasa don haifar da rikicewar kujera ta kowace hanya.
A cikin shekaru 90, matsalar kiba zuwa wani sabon matakin. An gane shi a matsayin matsala da ke buƙatar sa hannun likitoci; zaka iya tsara dalilan da yasa mutane ke da kiba.
"Ku ci ƙari, kuma ku rasa nauyi" - an kira shi littafin Dr. Dean Ornish, wanda aka saki a cikin 1993 shekara. Ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki: matsakaiciyar amfani da mai, ƙidayar kalori, kasancewar rayuwar kowane mutum a wasanni, da tallafin dole ga mutanen da ke fama da irin waɗannan matsalolin. Littafin ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa, kuma, a ƙarshe, masana'antun abinci suna samun kan hanya madaidaiciya.
Kuma a shekara ta gaba, akwai kari don rasa nauyi bisa ga kayan aikin shuka amma sun ƙunshi a cikin abun da ke ciki na andarine, wanda aka gane da kwayoyi masu haɗari.
Gwagwarmaya tare da nauyin kima sau da yawa ya kasance mara hankali sosai cewa a yau yana da wuya a yarda cewa mutane na iya amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin don rasa nauyi.
Mafi karancin abinci
- Abincin acidic na Lord Byron
Ubangiji ya jika abinci a cikin vinegar ko kuma ya yi amfani da acid, yana tsoma shi da ruwa, yana fatan vinegar zai karya mai. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 36 a duniya, kuma binciken gawarwakin gawarwaki ya tabbatar da gajiyawar gabobin ciki. A cikin '70s a Amurka, wannan abincin acid ya sake shiga cikin Vogue - an ba da shawarar azumi a sha 'yan tablespoons na apple cider vinegar don kashe ci. A yau an tabbatar da cewa ruwan ya ɗauki komai a ciki, wanda ya fi tasiri don asarar nauyi fiye da amfani da acid.
- Abincin barci
Maimakon in ci abinci sai da na sha maganin barci in kwanta domin ciwon yunwa ba zai dame mutum ba. Duk da hatsarin, abincin ya kasance sananne, kuma a cikin 1976, Elvis Presley ya rasa nauyi kafin wasan kwaikwayo don shiga cikin farin wando na almara.
- Abincin tsutsa
Tasirin asarar nauyi yayin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam an karɓi abin da ake kira tsutsotsi-ci, sanannen abinci a cikin shekaru ashirin na farkon ƙarni na ashirin. Dole ne in sha wani m capsule, abin da ke ciki a asirce, da kuma jira mai ban mamaki sakamako. An kaddamar da kwamfutar hannu na farko a cikin jikin tsutsa, na biyu ya kashe shi (ya kamata a sha lokacin da aka samu nauyin da ake so).
- Abincin Nicotine
A tsakiyar karni na 20, yana yiwuwa a rasa nauyi tare da hayaki "ku sami taba maimakon zaki." Irin wannan yunƙurin tallace-tallace yana ƙara haɓaka ribar masu sigari kuma har yanzu suna amfani da wurin shakatawa na nicotine suna fatan rasa nauyi.