Ciki yana tare da karuwar nauyi wanda ya bambanta tsakanin mata, amma matsakaicin nauyin kilo 9 zuwa 12 ga macen da take da BMI na al'ada (tsakanin 19 zuwa 24). Wannan ƙima mai nauyi ya yi daidai da nauyin jariri, abubuwan da aka haɗa (mahaifa, rami na mahaifa), kyallen takarda wanda taro ke ƙaruwa yayin daukar ciki (mahaifa, ƙirji), ruwan jiki da ajiyar mai.

Dangane da daidaiton daidaiton jiki da tsayuwa, wannan nauyi mai nauyi a cikin ciki yana haifar da jujjuyawar tsakiyar nauyi zuwa gaba. A lokaci guda, hormones na ciki (relaxin, estrogen, progesterone) suna haifar da shakatawa na ligament yana da tasiri a kan dukkan tsarin musculoskeletal kuma yana iya haifar da raɗaɗi iri -iri a cikin yankin lumbar da kuma tausayawa na musamman.

A matakin zafi, a ƙarƙashin tasirin ɓarna na progesterone, ana samun karuwar zazzabi na jiki (> ko = aÌ € 37 ° C) a farkon farkon watanni uku na ciki.

Dangane da tsarin garkuwar jiki, ciki yana buƙatar yanayin garkuwar jiki don kada a yi watsi da tayin da aka haɗa zuwa “jikin waje” ta jikin mahaifiyar. Saboda haka mata masu juna biyu sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka.

Ƙaruwar ƙaruwa ta ƙaruwa yana ƙaruwa da matsakaicin kashi 20% don tabbatar da ƙarin aikin zuciya da huhu da kuma samar da kuzarin da ake buƙata don tayi da haɗe -haɗe. A lokacin farkon watanni uku na ciki na ciki, uwar da ke daf da za ta tara tanadi, musamman lipid, wanda za a tattara a cikin watanni uku na uku don tabbatar da saurin ci gaban jariri. Don haka buƙatun makamashi suna ƙaruwa da kusan 300 kcal a cikin na biyu na uku da 400 kcal a cikin na uku na uku.

Don tabbatar da tsayayyen wadatar glucose (babban tushen kuzari), an sanya hanyoyi daban -daban: glycemia (matakin glucose na jini) yana raguwa, ɓarkewar insulin (hormone da pancreas ya ɓoye kuma ke da alhakin daidaita sukari na jini) yana ƙaruwa , kamar yadda juriya insulin.

A lokacin daukar ciki, jiki gaba daya yana “cin abinci fiye da kima”.

Yawan fitar da bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa daga farkon watanni uku na farko da kusan kashi 20%, sannan da kusan 40% a ƙarshen watan shida na ciki. Wannan yana haifar da haɓaka bugun zuciya na 10 zuwa 15 beats / minti.

A cikin watanni na farko da na biyu, hawan jini yana raguwa saboda abin da ke faruwa na jijiyoyin jini saboda homonin ciki. A cikin makwanni, mahaifa tana matse manyan tasoshin da yawa kuma musamman ma na baya. Akwai raguwar dawowar venous, sabili da haka hypotension.

A matakin numfashi, ana ƙara yawan iskar oxygen da kashi 20 zuwa 30% don biyan bukatun tayi da mahaifa. A cikin uwa mai zuwa, wannan yana haifar da hauhawar jini: yawan numfashinta da ƙimar numfashinta (yawan iskar da ake shaka da fitarwa tare da kowane motsi na numfashi) yana ƙaruwa. Don haka rashin jin numfashi yana yawaita.

Daga farkon daukar ciki, akwai hypervolemia, wato karuwar ƙarar jini. Ƙarar plasma tana ƙaruwa akai -akai daga makonni 5 zuwa 9 na amenorrhea har zuwa makonni 32 kafin daidaitawa. A cikin watanni uku na uku, ƙarar jini ta haka 30 zuwa 40% sama da ciki na waje. Wannan hypervolemia yana ba da damar rama karuwar yawan bugun zuciya, don rufe ƙarin bukatun oxygen da iyakance sakamakon yiwuwar zubar da jini yayin haihuwa.

Adadin jajayen jikunan jini kuma yana ƙaruwa amma daidai gwargwado bai kai na ƙimar plasma ba, saboda haka muna lura da raguwar haemoglobin da ke da alhakin abin da ake kira anemia na ciki.

Dangane da haihuwa da haihuwa, yanayi biyu tare da babban haɗarin zubar jini, galibin abubuwan da ke haɗa jini suna ƙaruwa sannu a hankali yayin daukar ciki.

A lokacin daukar ciki, girma da nauyin kodan na karuwa. Haƙiƙa aikinsu yana ƙaruwa don ramawa don hauhawar jini. Don haka yawan jinin da kodin mace mai ciki ke tacewa yana ƙaruwa da kashi 25 zuwa 30%. Kimanin sati na 20 na ciki, aikin shakatawa na progesterone yana sa koda da ureters su faɗi, yana inganta tsotsar fitsari, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar fitsari. A lokaci guda, mahaifa tana matse mafitsara sau da yawa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar girmanta kuma a sakamakon haka yawan son yin fitsari (pollakiuria).

Ayyukan ciki yana raguwa saboda raguwar kashi 40% na ɓarkewar ciki, motsi da sautin ciki. An danganta shi da raguwar sautin cardia (tsoka bawul ɗin da ke tabbatar da ƙulli babba na ciki) a ƙarƙashin tasirin hormones, haɓaka lokacin ɓata yana haɓaka reflux na ciki (pyrosis) a cikin mata masu juna biyu.

Ana kuma tsawaita lokacin wucewa a cikin hanji. A cikin tambaya, tasirin annashuwa na progesterone wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙanƙancewar tsokar tsokar hanji. Peristalsis na hanji (motsi na tsokoki da ke ba da damar bolus na abinci ya ci gaba a cikin hanji) saboda haka ba shi da inganci, wanda ke haɓaka maƙarƙashiya.

Tsarin ciki na ciki har da na rayuwa, na rigakafi da canje-canje na jini na iya haifar da bayyanar fata daban-daban a cikin mahaifiyar da za ta kasance:

• hyperpigmentation, musamman a cikin mata masu hoton duhu. Ya fi shafar yawancin wuraren da aka fentin su: madarar nono, yankin nito-anal, yankin peri-umbilical da midline na ciki (ko linea nigra). A fuska, wannan hyperpigmentation za a iya bayyana ta abin rufe fuska na ciki (chloasma);
• sababbin moles;
• stellate angiomas (ƙananan jajayen fata ko raunin fata a siffar tauraro);
• palmar erythema (ja, hannayen zafi);
• hyperpilosity;
• karin gumi mai tsanani saboda karuwar zafin jiki, wanda hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon karuwar jini;
• kuraje saboda yawan kuzarin sebaceous;
• shimfidar shimfidawa saboda karkacewar injiniya saboda ƙima mai nauyi da canzawar ƙwayoyin collagen a ƙarƙashin tasirin homonin ciki.