Binciken STD ya ƙunshi neman cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STDs), wanda yanzu ake kira STIs (cututtukan jima'i). Daga cikin dozin ɗin da ke akwai STIs, wasu suna haifar da alamu, wasu kuma ba sa. Don haka mahimmancin tantance su don magance su da guje wa, ga wasu, rikice-rikice masu tsanani.

Binciken STD ya ƙunshi yin gwajin STDs daban-daban (cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i), wanda yanzu ake kira STIs (cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i). Wannan saitin yanayi ne da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da su waɗanda za a iya yaɗa su yayin jima'i, tare da shiga ko ga wasu, ba tare da.

Akwai STIs daban-daban:

• kamuwa da cutar HIV ko AIDS;
• hepatitis B;
• syphilis ("pox");
• chlamydia, wanda kwayar cutar ta haifar Chlamydia trachomatis;
• Lymphogranulomatosis venereal (LGV) lalacewa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan Chlamydia thrachomatis musamman m;
• al'aurar mace;
• cutar papillomavirus (HPV);
• gonorrhea (wanda aka fi sani da "hot piss") wanda kwayoyin cuta masu saurin yaduwa ke haifarwa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonocoque);
• vaginitis da Trichomonas vaginalis (ko trichonomases);
• mycoplasma cututtuka, lalacewa ta hanyar daban-daban kwayoyin cuta: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma urealyticum ;
• Ana iya kamuwa da wasu cututtukan yisti na vulvovaginal yayin jima'i, amma kuma yana yiwuwa a sami ciwon yisti ba tare da yin jima'i ba.

Kwaroron roba yana kare yawancin STIs, amma ba duka ba. Sauƙaƙan hulɗar fata-da-fata na iya isa don watsa chlamydia, misali.

Don haka gwajin STDs yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Sau da yawa shiru, suna iya zama tushen rikice-rikice daban-daban: 

• gaba ɗaya tare da sauran yanayin cutar: lalacewar idanu, kwakwalwa, jijiyoyi, zuciya don syphilis; cirrhosis ko ciwon hanta don hepatitis B; juyin halitta zuwa AIDS don HIV;
• haɗarin ci gaba zuwa cutar da ta rigaya ko ciwon daji ga wasu HPVs;
• shigar Tubal, ovarian ko pelvic wanda zai iya haifar da rashin haihuwa na tubal (bin salpingitis) ko ciki na ectopic (chlamydia, gonococcus);
• watsawar haihuwa- tayi tare da shigar da jarirai (chlamydia, gonococcus, HPV, hepatitis, HIV).

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa duk STIs suna raunana mucous membranes kuma suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau sosai.

Binciken asibiti na iya nuna wasu STIs, amma ganewar asali yana buƙatar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje: serology ta hanyar gwajin jini ko samfurin kwayoyin cuta dangane da STI.

• Ana yin gwajin cutar kanjamau ta hanyar gwajin jini, aƙalla watanni 3 bayan haɗuwa mai haɗari, idan an zartar. Ana amfani da gwajin haɗin gwiwar ELISA. Ya ƙunshi binciken ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka samar a gaban kwayar cutar HIV, da kuma binciken kwayar cutar, p24 antigen, wanda ake iya ganowa a baya fiye da kwayoyin. Idan wannan gwajin ya tabbata, sai a yi gwaji na biyu mai suna Western-Blot don gano ko da gaske ne kwayar cutar ta wanzu. Wannan gwajin tabbatarwa ne kawai zai iya sanin ko mutum yana da HIV da gaske. Lura cewa a yau akwai ƙaddamarwa gwajin kai don siyarwa ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba a cikin kantin magani. Ana yin shi akan digon jini kadan. Dole ne a tabbatar da kyakkyawan sakamako ta gwajin gwaji na biyu;
• Gonococcal gonorrhea ana gano shi ta hanyar amfani da samfurin a ƙofar farji ga mata, a ƙarshen azzakari na maza. Binciken fitsari na iya isa;
• ganewar cutar chlamydia ya dogara ne akan swab na gida a ƙofar farji a cikin mata, kuma a cikin maza, samfurin fitsari ko swab a ƙofar urethra;
• nunawa don ciwon hanta na B yana buƙatar gwajin jini don yin serology;
• Ana yin ganewar asali na herpes ta hanyar nazarin asibiti na cututtuka na yau da kullum; don tabbatar da ganewar asali, ana iya al'adar samfurori daga raunuka a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje;
• Ana iya gano ƙwayoyin cuta na papilloma (HPV) a kan gwajin asibiti (a gaban condylomata) ko kuma yayin da ake yin lalata. A yayin da wani abu mara kyau (nau'in ASC-US don "rashin lahani na ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ba a san su ba") ana iya rubuta gwajin HPV. Idan yana da kyau, ana ba da shawarar colposcopy (binciken mahaifa ta amfani da babban gilashin ƙararrawa) tare da samfurin biopsy idan an gano rashin daidaituwa;
• Trichomonas vaginitis ana bincikar shi da sauƙi a kan gwajin gynecological a fuskar bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban (ji na ƙonewar vulvar, itching, jin zafi a lokacin jima'i) da kuma yanayin bayyanar ƙwayar farji (mai yawa, wari, kore da kumfa). Idan ana shakka, ana iya ɗaukar samfurin farji;
• ganewar asali na lymphogranulomatosis venereal yana buƙatar samfurin daga raunuka;
• Za a iya gano cututtuka na mycoplasma ta amfani da swab na gida.

Wadannan gwaje-gwajen nazarin halittu daban-daban na iya ba da izini ta hanyar magani ko ƙwararrun likita (likitan mata, likitan urologist). Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai kuma wuraren da aka keɓe, CeGIDD (Bayanin Kyauta, Cibiyar Bincike da Bincike) ta ba da izini don gudanar da gwajin cutar hanta na hepatitis B da C da STIs. Cibiyoyin Shirye-shiryen Mata da Yara (PMI), Tsare-tsaren Iyali da Cibiyoyin Ilimi (CPEF) da Tsare-tsaren Iyali ko Cibiyoyin Tsare-tsare suma na iya bayar da gwajin kyauta.

Ana iya ba da izinin gwajin STD don alamomi daban-daban:

• zubar da cikin farji wanda ba a saba gani ba a launi, wari, yawa;
• haushi a cikin m yanki;
• cututtuka na fitsari: wahalar fitsari, fitsari mai raɗaɗi, yawan sha'awar fitsari;
• zafi yayin saduwa;
• bayyanar kananan warts (HPV), chancre (kananan ciwon ciwon syphilis mara zafi), blister (cututtukan al'aura) a cikin al'aura;
• ciwon pelvic;
• metrorragia;
• gajiya, tashin zuciya, jaundice;
• ƙonawa da / ko rawaya fitarwa daga azzakari (bennoragia);
• fitowar al'aurar kamar digon safiya ko haske, bayyananniyar fitar (chlamydiae).

Hakanan majiyyaci na iya buƙatar dubawa ko likita ya ba da izini bayan jima'i mai haɗari (jima'i mara tsaro, dangantaka da mutumin da ke da shakkar aminci, da sauransu).

Kamar yadda wasu STDs suka yi shiru, ana iya yin gwajin STD akai-akai a matsayin wani ɓangare na bin diddigin gynecological. A matsayin wani ɓangare na rigakafin cutar kansar kansar mahaifa ta hanyar gwajin HPV, Babban Hukumar Lafiya (HAS) ya ba da shawarar a yi tabo a kowace shekara 3 daga shekaru 25 zuwa 65 bayan smears na al'ada guda biyu a jere tsakanin shekara ɗaya. A cikin watan Satumba na 2018 ra'ayi, HAS kuma ya ba da shawarar yin nazari na yau da kullum don cututtuka na chlamydia a cikin mata masu jima'i masu shekaru 15 zuwa 25, da kuma nunawa da aka yi niyya a wasu yanayi: abokan hulɗa da yawa (akalla abokan tarayya biyu a kowace shekara), canjin kwanan nan na abokin tarayya, mutum. ko abokan hulɗa da aka gano tare da wani STI, tarihin STIs, mazan da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM), mutanen da ke karuwanci ko bayan fyade.

A ƙarshe, a cikin mahallin sa ido kan ciki, wasu gwaje-gwajen sun zama tilas (syphilis, hepatitis B), wasu an ba da shawarar sosai (HIV).

Idan akwai sakamako mai kyau, jiyya ya dogara ba shakka akan kamuwa da cuta:

• Ba za a iya kawar da kwayar cutar kanjamau ba, amma haɗuwa da jiyya (jiyya sau uku) na rayuwa na iya toshe ci gabanta;
• trichomonas vaginitis, gonorrhea, mycoplasma cututtuka suna da sauƙi da kuma yadda ya kamata a bi da su tare da maganin rigakafi, wani lokaci a cikin hanyar "maganin gaggawa";
• lymphogranulomatosis venereal yana buƙatar tsarin maganin rigakafi na mako 3;
• syphilis na buƙatar magani tare da maganin rigakafi (alurar ko ta baki);
• Ana magance cutar ta HPV daban-daban dangane da ko ta haifar da raunuka ko a'a, da kuma tsananin raunukan. Gudanarwa ya fito ne daga saka idanu mai sauƙi zuwa ƙaddamarwa a yayin da ake fama da raunuka masu girma, ciki har da jiyya na gida na warts ko maganin raunuka ta hanyar laser;
• ba za a iya kawar da kwayar cutar ta al'ada ba. Maganin yana ba da damar yin yaki da zafi da kuma iyakance tsawon lokaci da kuma tsananin cutar a yayin harin;
• A mafi yawan lokuta, ciwon hanta na B yana warwarewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, amma a wasu lokuta yana iya ci gaba zuwa na kullum.

Dole ne kuma a kula da abokin tarayya don guje wa abin da ya faru na sake gurɓatawa.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa ba sabon abu ba ne a sami yawancin STIs masu alaƙa yayin nunawa.