Asalin wannan matar har yanzu yana da cece-kuce a cikin kimiyya da muhallin da ba na kimiyya ba. Mahatma Gandhi ya yi nadama cewa ba zai iya taɓa gefen tufafinta ba, Roerich ya sadaukar da zanen "Manzo" gare ta. Wani ya dauke ta a matsayin charlatan, mai wa'azin Shaidan, yana mai jaddada cewa ka'idar fifikon launin fata Hitler ne ya aro ta daga ka'idar jinsin 'yan asalin, kuma zaman rayuwar da ta yi ba wani abu ba ne illa wasan kwaikwayo. Littattafanta duka suna sha'awar kuma ana kiransu tari mai gaskiya da fasikanci, wanda duk koyarwar duniya ta haɗu.
Duk da haka, har yanzu, ayyukan Helena Blavatsky an samu nasarar sake bugawa da kuma fassara su cikin harsunan waje da yawa, samun sababbin magoya baya da masu sukar.
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky aka haife shi a cikin wani ban mamaki iyali: a bangaren mahaifiyarta, sanannen marubuci Elena Gan (Fadeeva), wanda aka kira kome ba fãce "Rasha George Sand", ta iyali da aka kai tsaye alaka da almara Rurik, kuma mahaifinta ya zo daga iyali na kirga. Macklenburg Gan (Jamus: Hann). Kaka na akidar nan gaba na theosophy Elena Pavlovna, wani sabon abu ne mai kula da murhu - ta san harsuna biyar, ta kasance mai sha'awar numismatics, ta yi nazarin sufi na gabas, kuma ta yi daidai da masanin kimiyyar Jamus A. Humboldt.
Little Lena Gan ta nuna iyawa na ban mamaki wajen koyarwa, kamar yadda ɗan uwanta ya lura, fitaccen ɗan ƙasar Rasha S.Yu. Witte, ya fahimci komai a zahiri a kan tashi, ya sami nasara musamman a cikin karatun Jamusanci da kiɗa.
Duk da haka, yarinyar ta sha wahala daga barci, ta yi tsalle a tsakiyar dare, ta zagaya gida, tana rera waƙa. Saboda hidimar uba, dangin Gan sun kasance suna motsawa sau da yawa, kuma mahaifiyar ba ta da isasshen lokacin da za ta kula da dukan yara, don haka Elena ta kwaikwayi hare-haren farfadiya, ta birgima a ƙasa, ta yi kururuwa da annabce-annabce daban-daban da suka dace, bawa ya tsorata ya kawo wani firist ya kori aljanu. Daga baya, masu sha'awarta za su fassara waɗannan sha'awar ƙuruciyarta a matsayin shaida kai tsaye na iyawarta.
Mutuwa, mahaifiyar Elena Petrovna a gaskiya ta ce ta ma yi farin ciki cewa ba za ta kalli Lena mai ɗaci ba kuma ba a rayuwar mata ba.
Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyar, 'ya'yan sun kai Saratov da iyayen mahaifiyar Fadeevs. A can, wani gagarumin canji ya faru da Lena: a baya m da kuma bude yarinya, wanda ke son bukukuwa da sauran al'amuran zamantakewa, zauna tsawon sa'o'i a cikin ɗakin karatu na kakarta, Elena Pavlovna Fadeeva, m tattara littattafai. A nan ne ta fara sha'awar ilimin kimiyyar asiri da ayyukan gabas.
A 1848, Elena shiga cikin wani almara aure tare da tsohon mataimakin gwamnan Yerevan, Nikifor Blavatsky, kawai samun cikakken 'yancin kai daga m Saratov dangi. Watanni uku bayan bikin aure, ta gudu ta Odessa da Kerch zuwa Konstantinoful.
Ba wanda zai iya kwatanta lokacin da ya biyo baya daidai - Blavatsky bai taɓa ajiye litattafai ba, kuma tunanin tafiye-tafiyenta ya rikice kuma sun fi kama da tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa fiye da gaskiya.
Da farko ta yi a matsayin mai hawan keke a cikin dawaki na Konstantinoful, amma bayan karya hannunta, ta bar fagen wasan ta tafi Masar. Sa'an nan kuma ta bi ta Girka, Asiya Ƙarama, ta yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don isa Tibet, amma ba ta wuce Indiya ba. Daga nan sai ta zo Turai, ta yi wasan pianist a Paris kuma bayan wani lokaci ta ƙare a Landan, inda ake zargin ta fara fitowa a dandalin. Babu wani danginta da ya san ainihin inda take, amma bisa ga tunanin wani dangi, NA Fadeeva, mahaifinta yakan aika mata kudi.
A Hyde Park, London, a ranar haihuwarta a 1851, Helena Blavatsky ta ga wanda ya ci gaba da bayyana a cikin mafarki - guru El Morya.
Mahatma El Morya, kamar yadda Blavatsky daga baya ya yi iƙirarin, malami ne na Hikimar Ageless, kuma sau da yawa ya yi mafarkin ta tun yana yaro. A wannan lokacin, Mahatma Morya ya kira ta don yin aiki, saboda Elena yana da babban manufa - don kawo Babban Farko na Ruhaniya cikin wannan duniyar.
Ta tafi Kanada, tana zaune tare da ƴan ƙasar, amma bayan da matan ƙabilar suka sace mata takalmanta, sai ta ji kunya da Indiyawa kuma ta tafi Mexico, sannan - a 1852 - ta fara tafiya ta Indiya. Guru Morya ya nuna mata hanyar, kuma shi, a cewar Blavatsky's memoirs, ya aika mata kudi. (Duk da haka, NA Fadeeva guda ɗaya ta yi iƙirarin cewa dangin da suka rage a Rasha dole ne su aika mata kuɗi kowane wata don rayuwa).
Elena ta shafe shekaru bakwai masu zuwa a Tibet, inda ta yi karatun boko. Daga nan ta koma Landan kuma ba zato ba tsammani ta sami shahara a matsayin mai wasan piano. Wani taro da Guru dinta yayi sannan ta tafi Amurka.
Bayan Amurka, wani sabon zagaye na tafiya ya fara: ta Dutsen Rocky zuwa San Francisco, sannan Japan, Siam kuma, a ƙarshe, Calcutta. Sannan ta yanke shawarar komawa Rasha, ta zagaya cikin Caucasus, sannan ta cikin Balkans, Hungary, sannan ta koma St.
Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike suna da matukar shakku game da wannan tsawon shekaru goma na tafiya. A cewar LS Klein, wani masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi da kuma nazarin halittu, duk wadannan shekaru goma tana zaune tare da dangi a Odessa.
A shekara ta 1863, an sake sake zagayowar tafiya ta shekaru goma. Wannan karon a kasashen Larabawa. Ta hanyar mu'ujiza tsira a cikin guguwa daga bakin tekun Masar, Blavatsky ya buɗe Ruhaniya ta farko a Alkahira. Sa'an nan, ya kama kamar mutum, ya yi yaƙi da 'yan tawayen Garibaldi, amma bayan da aka yi masa mummunan rauni, ya sake komawa Tibet.
Har yanzu yana da wuya a ce ko Blavatsky ya zama mace ta farko, kuma banda, baƙo, wanda ya ziyarci Lhasa., duk da haka, an san tabbas cewa ta san da kyau Panchen-lamu VII kuma waɗancan nassosi masu tsarki da ta yi nazari tsawon shekaru uku an haɗa su cikin aikinta na “Voice of Silence”. Blavatsky da kansa ya ce a lokacin a Tibet ne aka fara ta.
Daga 1870s, Blavatsky ya fara aikin Almasihu. A cikin Amurka, ta kewaye kanta tare da mutanen da ke da sha'awar ruhaniya, ta rubuta littafin "Daga kogo da daji na Hindustan", inda ta bayyana kanta daga wani bangare daban-daban - a matsayin marubuci mai basira. Littafin ya ƙunshi zane-zanen tafiye-tafiyenta a Indiya kuma an buga shi a ƙarƙashin sunan Radda-Bai. An buga wasu daga cikin kasidun a Moskovskie Vedomosti, sun kasance babban nasara.
A shekara ta 1875, Blavatsky ya rubuta ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun littattafanta, Isis Unveiled, inda ta fasa da sukar kimiyya da addini, yana jayayya cewa kawai tare da taimakon sufi ne kawai mutum zai iya fahimtar ainihin abubuwa da gaskiyar kasancewa. An sayar da zagayawa cikin kwanaki goma. An raba al'ummar karatu. Wasu sun yi mamakin tunani da zurfin tunani na macen da ba ta da ilimin kimiyya, wasu kuma ba su ƙara kira littafinta da babban juji ba, inda aka tattara tushen addinin Buddah da na Brahman a tudu guda.
Amma Blavatsky bai yarda da zargi ba kuma a cikin wannan shekarar ya buɗe Theosophical Society, wanda ayyukansa har yanzu suna haifar da muhawara mai zafi. A cikin 1882, an kafa hedkwatar al'umma a Madras, Indiya.
A 1888, Blavatsky ya rubuta babban aikin rayuwarta, The Secret Doctrine. Mawallafin VS Solovyov ya wallafa wani bita na littafin, inda ya kira Theosophy ƙoƙari na daidaita ma'anar addinin Buddha ga al'ummar Turai masu rashin yarda da Allah. Kabbalah da Gnosticism, Brahminism, Buddha da Hindu sun haɗu a hanya mai ban mamaki a cikin koyarwar Blavatsky.
Masu bincike sun dangana theosophy zuwa nau'in falsafar falsafa da koyarwar addini. Theosophy shine "hikimar allahntaka", inda Allah ba shi da mutumci kuma yana aiki a matsayin nau'i na cikakke, sabili da haka ba lallai ba ne a je Indiya ko shafe shekaru bakwai a Tibet idan ana iya samun Allah a ko'ina. A cewar Blavatsky, mutum yana nuna cikakkar, sabili da haka, fifiko, daya tare da Allah.
Duk da haka, masu sukar Theosophy sun lura cewa Blavatsky ya gabatar da Theosophy a matsayin addinin ƙarya wanda ke buƙatar bangaskiya marar iyaka, kuma ita kanta tana aiki a matsayin mai akidar Shaidan. Duk da haka, ba za a iya musun cewa koyarwar Blavatsky tana da tasiri a kan 'yan duniyar Rasha da kuma avant-garde a cikin fasaha da falsafa.
Daga Indiya, mahaifarta ta ruhaniya, Blavatsky dole ne ya tafi a cikin 1884 bayan da hukumomin Indiya suka zarge shi da fara'a. Wannan yana biye da lokacin rashin nasara - daya bayan daya, ana bayyana yaudararta da yaudara a yayin taron. A cewar wasu kafofin, Elena Petrovna yana ba da sabis ɗinta a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri ga reshe na III na binciken sarauta, bayanan siyasa na Daular Rasha.
Sannan ta zauna a Belgium, sannan a Jamus, ta rubuta littattafai. Ta mutu bayan fama da mura a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1891, ga masu sha'awarta wannan rana ita ce "ranar farin magarya." Tokarta ta warwatse a birane uku na Theosophical Society - New York, London da Adyar.
Har ya zuwa yanzu, babu wani mahimmin kima na halinta. Dan uwan Blavatsky S.Yu. Witte cikin bacin rai ta yi magana game da ita a matsayin mutum mai kirki mai manyan idanu shuɗi, masu suka da yawa sun lura da basirar wallafe-wallafen da babu shakka. Duk yaudararta a cikin ruhaniya sun fi a bayyane, amma pianos suna wasa a cikin duhu da muryoyin da suka gabata sun ɓace zuwa bango kafin Rukunan Sirrin, littafin da ya buɗe wa Turawa koyarwar da ta haɗu da addini da kimiyya, wanda ya kasance wahayi ga m, ra'ayin duniya na rashin yarda da Allah a farkon karni na XNUMX.
A cikin 1975, an ba da tambarin gidan waya a Indiya don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 na Theosophical Society. Ya kwatanta rigar makamai da taken al'umma "Babu wani addini da ya fi gaskiya."
Rubutu: Lilia Ostapenko.