Lumbar spondylolisthesis shine zamewa na lumbar vertebra dangi zuwa ga vertebra a ƙasa da kuma jawo sauran kashin baya tare da shi. Nau'o'in spondylolisthesis guda uku sun dace da dalilai daban-daban guda uku: maimaita matsalolin injiniya akan kashin baya, osteoarthritis na gidajen abinci ko rashin lafiya na haihuwa. Ana ba da shawarar yin aikin tiyata ne kawai a yayin da rashin nasarar magani na likitanci ko gaban motar jijiya ko rashin lafiyar sphincter.

Ma'anar spondylolisthesis

Lumbar spondylolisthesis shine zamewa na lumbar vertebra gaba da ƙasa dangane da vertebra a ƙasa da kuma jawo sauran kashin baya tare da shi. Spondylolisthesis yana gabatar da matakai hudu na karuwa mai tsanani tare da, a cikin matsananciyar, faɗuwar vertebra a cikin ƙananan ƙashin ƙugu.

Nau'in spondylolisthesis

Akwai nau'ikan spondylolisthesis iri uku:

• Lumbar spondylolisthesis ta isthmic lysis yana rinjayar 4 zuwa 8% na yawan jama'a. Yana da na biyu zuwa karaya na isthmus, gada na kasusuwa da ke haɗa wannan vertebra zuwa ɗayan. Na biyar da na ƙarshe na lumbar vertebra (L5) ya fi shafa. Faifan da ke tsakanin kasusuwa guda biyu yana raguwa kuma yana raguwa a tsawo: muna magana game da cututtukan cututtuka da ke hade;
• Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis ko osteoarthritis spondylolisthesis na biyu zuwa ci gaban osteoarthritis na gidajen abinci. Na huɗu da na biyar na lumbar vertebrae yawanci ana shafar su amma zamewar gabaɗaya ba ta da mahimmanci. Faifan da ke tsakanin kashin baya biyu ya ƙare kuma an niƙa shi kuma yana raguwa a tsayi, muna magana game da cututtukan diski mai alaƙa;
• Ƙunƙarar dysplastic lumbar spondylolisthesis na asali ne na asali.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da spondylolisthesis

Sabanin sanannen imani, lumbar spondylolisthesis ta hanyar isthmic lysis ba saboda wani rauni guda ɗaya a cikin ƙuruciya ko samartaka ba amma ga maimaita matsalolin injiniya a kan kashin baya, wanda ya haifar da "karyewar gajiya" na isthmus (gadar kasusuwa tsakanin vertebrae biyu). .

Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis ko spondylolisthesis na arthritic shine, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana da alaƙa da osteoarthritis na haɗin gwiwa.

Dysplastic lumbar spondylolisthesis shine na biyu zuwa rashin daidaituwa na ƙarshen lumbar vertebra na ƙarshe tare da isthmus mai tsayi mara kyau.

Bincike na spondylolisthesis

X-ray na kashin baya na lumbar yana ba da damar ganewar asali na nau'in spondylolisthesis da kuma kimanta girmansa bisa ga zamewar vertebra.

An kammala tantancewar rediyo ta:

• Binciken kashin baya na lumbar don ganin raunin isthmus;
• Hoto na Magnetic Resonance Hoto (MRI) na kashin baya na lumbar yana ba da damar, idan ya cancanta, mafi kyawun hangen nesa na tushen jijiya da aka matsa, nazarin matsawa na dural fornix ko ponytail (ƙananan ɓangaren dura mai ɗauke da tushen motar da jijiyoyi masu azanci). ƙananan ƙananan ƙafa biyu da na mafitsara da na rectal sphincters) da kuma nazarin yanayin diski na intervertebral tsakanin kashin baya biyu;
• Ana amfani da Electromyography don tantance lafiyar tsoka da ƙwayoyin jijiya waɗanda ke sarrafa su. Ana yin shi ne kawai idan mai haƙuri ba shi da duk alamun bayyanar cututtuka na spondylolisthesis ko kuma idan alamun suna da laushi.

Mutanen da ke fama da spondylolisthesis

Lumbar spondylolisthesis ta isthmic lysis yana rinjayar 4 zuwa 8% na yawan jama'a. Ana lura da shi akai-akai a cikin manyan ƴan wasa masu yin ayyukan da ke buƙatar jujjuyawar kashin baya da madaidaicin matsayi.

Dysplastic lumbar spondylolisthesis yakan shafi matasa da matasa.

Abubuwan da ke nuna spondylolisthesis

Lumbar spondylolisthesis ta isthmic lysis yana da fifiko ga waɗannan dalilai:

• Ayyukan wasanni na yau da kullun waɗanda suka haɗa da jujjuyawar kashin baya akai-akai da madaidaicin matsayi kamar wasan motsa jiki na rhythmic, rawa, jefa wasanni, tuƙi ko hawan doki;
• Matsayin aiki da ke buƙatar karkata zuwa gaba;
• Ɗaukar kaya na yau da kullun ko jakar baya mai nauyi a cikin yara.

Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis za a iya fifita ta:

• Menopause;
• Osteoporosis.

Ƙananan ciwo

Dogon jurewa da kyau, ana gano spondylolisthesis sau da yawa kwatsam akan kimantawar X-ray na ƙashin ƙugu ko kuma lokacin balagagge a lokacin farkon ciwon baya.

Ƙananan ciwo

Ɗaya daga cikin alamun spondylolisthesis shine ƙananan ciwon baya, wanda aka sauƙaƙa da matsayi na gaba kuma ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar jingina. Ƙarfin wannan ƙananan ciwon baya ya bambanta daga jin rashin jin daɗi a cikin ƙananan baya zuwa zafi mai tsanani na farawar farat ɗaya - sau da yawa yana biye da ɗaukar nauyi - wanda ake kira lumbago.

Sciatica da cruralgia

Spondylolisthesis na iya haifar da matsawa na tushen jijiya inda jijiya ta fita daga kashin baya kuma ta haifar da ciwo a daya ko biyu kafafu. Sciatica da cruralgia sune wakilai biyu.

Cauda equina syndrome

Spondylolisthesis na iya haifar da matsawa da / ko lalacewar da ba za a iya jurewa ba ga tushen jijiya na dural cul de sac. Wannan ciwo na cauda equina na iya haifar da cututtuka na sphincter, rashin ƙarfi ko tsawan lokaci da maƙarƙashiya ...

Bangaranci ko cikakkiyar gurgujewa

Spondylolisthesis na iya zama alhakin gurɓataccen ɓarna - jin jin barin gwiwa, rashin iya tafiya a kan yatsan ƙafa ko diddige ƙafa, ra'ayi na ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa lokacin tafiya ... Matsin da aka yi akan tushen jijiya zai iya haifar da rashin dawowa. lalacewa tare da sakamako na ƙarshe na gabaɗayan inna.

Sauran alamu

• Neurogenic claudication ko wajibcin tsayawa bayan wani nisa tafiya;
• Paresthesias, ko hargitsi a cikin ma'anar taɓawa, kamar tausasawa ko tingling.

Ana ba da shawarar magani lokacin da spondylolisthesis yana da zafi amma ba a gano alamar jijiyoyi ba. Wannan maganin ya bambanta dangane da zafin:

• Analgesics a matsayin jiyya na asali don ciwon lumbar da ke hade da magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal (NSAIDs) don 5 zuwa 7 kwanakin a yayin rikici;
• Gyarawa ciki har da motsa jiki don ƙarfafa tsokoki na ciki da na lumbar;
• A cikin yanayin karaya na kwanan nan na isthmus ko ƙananan ciwon baya mai tsanani, rashin motsi tare da simintin Bermuda wanda ya haɗa cinya a gefe ɗaya kawai ana iya ba da shawara don rage zafi.

A yayin da rashin nasarar magani na likita ko kuma a gaban motar motsa jiki ko cututtuka na sphincter, ana iya buƙatar tiyata don spondylolisthesis. Ya ƙunshi yin aikin arthrodesis ko ƙayyadaddun haɗuwa na kashin baya biyu masu raɗaɗi. Ana iya haɗa arthrodesis tare da laminectomy: wannan aikin ya ƙunshi sakin jijiyoyi masu matsa lamba. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan saɓani kaɗan ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan ɓarna biyu na gefe, tare da fa'idar rage mahimmancin rage ciwon baya bayan tiyata.

Ya kamata a dauki wasu matakan kariya don guje wa bayyanar ko muni na spondylolisthesis:

• Nemi karbuwar aiki a yayin ayyukan ayyuka tare da maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi: maimaituwar jingina gaba, ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi, da sauransu.
• Guji ayyukan wasanni a cikin haɓakar haɓakawa;
• Kada ku ɗauki jakunkuna masu nauyi a kullum;
• Kada ka kawar da aikin wasanni na nishaɗi wanda, akasin haka, yana ƙarfafa tsokoki na lumbar da ciki. ;
• Yi saka idanu akan rediyo a kowace shekara biyar.