Sunan "shiitake", wanda ba sabon abu ba ne don jin mu, yana da asali mai sauƙi kuma mai fahimta ga kowane Jafananci: "Shi" shine sunan Jafananci na bishiyar ( Castanopsiscuspidate ), wanda wannan naman kaza ya fi girma a cikin yanayi, kuma "ɗauka". " na nufin "naman kaza". Sau da yawa, shiitake kuma ana kiransa kawai "naman daji na Japan" - kuma kowa ya fahimci abin da yake.
Wannan naman kaza ana kiransa da sunan Jafananci, amma yana girma kuma yana girma musamman, ciki har da kasar Sin. An san namomin kaza na Shiitake a China da Japan fiye da shekaru dubu, kuma bisa ga wasu rubuce-rubucen kafofin, tun karni na biyu BC! Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin tabbatattun shaidun rubuce-rubuce na fa'idar Shiitake na da sanannen likitan nan na zamanin da na kasar Sin Wu Juei, wanda ya rubuta cewa namomin kaza ba kawai dadi da gina jiki ba, har ma suna warkarwa: suna warkar da sashin numfashi na sama, hanta, suna taimakawa ga rauni. da rashin ƙarfi, inganta yanayin jini, rage tsufa na jiki da ƙara yawan sautin. Don haka, har ma da jami'in likitancin kasar Sin (daular) sun karbi shiitake tun daga karni na 13 zuwa 16. Namomin kaza masu daɗi da lafiya, waɗanda kuma aka san su da ikon haɓaka ƙarfi, cikin sauri sun ƙaunaci manyan mutanen kasar Sin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yanzu ake kiran su "namomin kaza na sarauta na kasar Sin." Tare da namomin kaza na Reishi, waɗannan su ne mafi ƙaunataccen namomin kaza a kasar Sin - kuma a cikin wannan ƙasa sun san abubuwa da yawa game da maganin gargajiya!
Bayanan masu warkarwa na tsakiyar zamanai, mai yuwuwa bisa lura da gogewa, bai zama tsohon zamani ba har yau. Akasin haka, masana kimiyya na Japan na zamani, Sinawa da Yammacin Turai suna gano sabbin hujjojin kimiyya game da hakan. Likitoci, musamman, sun tabbatar da cewa shiitake yana taimakawa rage ƙwayar cholesterol na jini (ci abinci na mako-mako kawai a matsayin ƙari yana rage cholesterol ɗin plasma da kashi 12%!), Yaƙi da yawa, yana taimakawa tare da rashin ƙarfi, inganta yanayin fata. Ƙarshen, ba shakka, yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga mabukaci gabaɗaya, don haka, bisa ga namomin kaza na shiitake a Japan, Amurka, China da sauran ƙasashe, kayan kwaskwarima na zamani da masu tasiri sosai a kwanakin nan. Bugu da ƙari, shirye-shiryen da aka yi amfani da su na fungal mycelium tsantsa an yi nasarar amfani da su azaman taimako a cikin maganin cututtuka masu tsanani. A kowane hali, shiitake yana ƙunshe da magungunan antioxidants masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke kare jiki daga ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen daji - don haka a zamaninmu na nesa da yanayin muhalli mai kyau, wannan rigakafi ne mai kyau.
Yawancin lokaci ana cewa "maganin daci yana da amfani." Amma batun namomin kaza na shiitake abin farin ciki ne ga wannan ka'ida. Wadannan namomin kaza an riga an san su a duk faɗin duniya, mutane da yawa suna son su; tare da shiitake, ƙarin sababbin girke-girke sun bayyana - amfanin shirye-shiryen su yana da sauƙi da sauri, kuma dandano yana da wadata, "daji". Ana sayar da naman kaza a busasshen, danyen da kuma tsinken sigar. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, samar da shitake yana ci gaba da tafiya, a farkon karni na 21 ya kai tan 800 a kowace shekara.
Akwai nau'i ɗaya mai ban sha'awa a cikin shuka shiitake - suna girma da sauri akan sawdust, kuma wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi fa'ida ta hanyar samar da kasuwanci (taro). Namomin daji na daji, ko waɗanda aka girma akan itace gabaɗaya (a kan katako na musamman) sun fi amfani sosai, wannan ba abinci bane, amma magani. Ana iya girbe girbi na farko na irin wannan namomin kaza kawai bayan shekara guda, yayin da shiitake "sawdust" - a cikin wata daya! Gidajen abinci a duniya suna amfani da nau'in namomin kaza na farko (daga sawdust) - sun fi dadi kuma sun fi girma. Kuma nau'in na biyu ya fi tsada, kuma ya zo ne a sarkar kantin magani. Sun fi amfani da polysaccharide, wanda, kamar yadda kimiyyar Japan ta kafa, yana taimakawa wajen yaki da ciwon daji da sauran cututtuka masu tsanani. Namomin kaza na daya farko sa, girma a kan sawdust, kuma dauke da, amma a cikin kananan allurai, don haka wannan shi ne mai dadi da lafiya abinci wajen rigakafin cututtuka da kuma overall kiwon lafiya gabatarwa.
"Abinci" shiitake yana aiki a hankali, a hankali. An gano irin waɗannan bayanan a cikin wani bincike na musamman a cikin 1969 ta wani babban likitan Jafananci, Dokta Tetsuro Ikekawa daga Jami'ar Purdue, Tokyo (wannan cibiyar da ba a sani ba a Japan ya shahara saboda ya ƙware musamman a cikin nazarin magunguna don ciwon daji). Likitan ya kuma gano cewa shitake decoction (miyan) ce ta fi amfani, ba sauran nau’in cin samfurin ba. An kuma tabbatar da wannan a tarihi - an ciyar da sarki da masu mulki da shayar da su a zamanin da suka wuce tare da decoctions na namomin kaza na shiitake. Ikekawa ya shahara da bincikensa ga duk duniya - ko da yake ya kamata a kira shi "sake ganowa", saboda a cewar masana tarihi na kasar Sin, a cikin karni na 14, likitan kasar Sin Ru Wui ya shaida cewa shiitake yana da tasiri wajen magance ciwace-ciwacen daji (littattafai). tare da bayanansa ana adana su a cikin Rukunin Tarihi na Imperial a China). Ko ta yaya, binciken yana da amfani kuma abin dogaro, kuma a yau an san shitake ruwan 'ya'yan itace a matsayin maganin cutar kansa ba kawai a Japan da China ba, har ma a Indiya, Singapore, Vietnam da Koriya ta Kudu. A bayyane yake cewa idan ba ku da ciwon daji ko rashin ƙarfi (kuma godiya ga Allah), to, cin wannan naman kaza mai lafiya ba zai zama mai cutarwa ba, amma yana da amfani sosai - saboda. Shiitake baya yin tsaurin ra'ayi akan kowace cuta, amma yana da amfani ga dukkan jiki, musamman yana karfafa garkuwar jiki baki daya.
Shiitake namomin kaza ba kawai magani ba ne, har ma suna da gina jiki - suna ɗauke da bitamin (A, D, C, da rukunin B), abubuwan gano abubuwa (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, selenium, da dai sauransu). da kuma adadin amino acid, ciki har da muhimman abubuwa, da kuma fatty acids da polysaccharides (ciki har da wanda ya shahara sosai). Yana da polysaccharides wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi.
Amma babban labari mai daɗi ga masu cin ganyayyaki shine cewa waɗannan namomin kaza masu gina jiki da lafiya suna da daɗi da gaske, suna saurin shiryawa, kuma kuna iya yin ton na girke-girke tare da su!
YAYA AKE DAFA?
Shiitake shine samfurin "elite", jita-jita daga abin da za a iya samu a cikin gidajen abinci masu tsada. Amma kuma ana iya amfani dashi a cikin abinci na yau da kullun: dafa shiitake yana da sauƙi!
Huluna aka fi ci, saboda. kafafu suna da wuya. Sau da yawa, don haka, huluna na shiitake ne ake sayarwa, ciki har da busassun. Ana amfani da huluna don yin (ban da miyan naman kaza a bayyane) miya, smoothies, sweets (!), Har ma da yogurt.
Busashen namomin kaza dole ne a fara tafasa (minti 3-4), sannan, idan ana so, zaku iya soya kadan, don ruwan ya bushe gaba daya. Don dandana lokacin gasa, yana da kyau a ƙara kayan yaji, walnuts, almonds. Daga shiitake, yana da sauƙi don cimma bayyanar dandano "nama", wanda zai yi kira ga "sababbin tuba" kuma ba akida ba, amma masu cin ganyayyaki masu cin ganyayyaki.
HANKALI
Shiitake namomin kaza ba za a iya guba ba, amma yawan amfani da shi (mafi yawan abincin yau da kullum shine 16-20 g na busassun namomin kaza ko 160-200 g na namomin kaza) ba shi da amfani kuma yana iya haifar da rashin narkewa, musamman a cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 12. Hakanan ba'a so ayi amfani da shiitake ga mata masu ciki da masu shayarwa, saboda. Haƙiƙa magani ne, mai ƙarfi, kuma har yanzu ba a yi cikakken nazarin tasirinsa akan tayin ba.
Tare da asma, shiitake kuma ba a nuna shi ba.