description
Gishiri shine samfurin da ya fi daraja a cikin teku da aka samar da yanayi, wanda aka adana shi a cikin hanji na duniya a matsayinsa na asali, wanda ya kasance a can tsawon miliyoyin shekaru, ba tare da fallasa shi ga samfurori na ayyukan ɗan adam da sauran tasirin fasaha ba.
Abubuwan da aka fi samun dama da wadatattun abubuwan ganowa sune gishirin teku da adonsa a cikin gishirin dutse. An samar da ajiyar ta hanyar wani ma'adanai mai ɗimbin yawa wanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin NaCl (sodium chloride) da kuma haɗa abubuwan abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri, waɗanda ake ganinsu a matsayin barbashi da inuwar “launin toka”.
NaCl wani muhimmin abu ne wanda aka samu a cikin jinin ɗan adam. A cikin magani, ana amfani da kashi 0.9% na sodium chloride na ruwa a matsayin "maganin gishiri".
Sodium chloride, wacce muka fi sani da gishiri, tana da mahimmanci don aikin jikin mutum yadda yakamata. Teburin gishiri shine asalin tubalin jikin mu, kamar ruwa.
Yana da hannu cikin yawancin biochemical matakai a cikin jiki. Ba a samar da gishiri ta jikinmu kuma tana zuwa daga waje. Jikinmu ya ƙunshi kusan giram 150-300 na gishiri, wasu daga cikinsu ana fitar da su kowace rana tare da hanyoyin fitar da hanji.
Don sake cika ma'aunin gishiri, dole ne a sake asarar gishirin, yawan kuɗin yau yana gram 4-10, ya danganta da halayen mutum. Misali, tare da karuwar zufa (lokacin da ake wasanni, a lokacin zafi), ya kamata a kara yawan shan gishiri, haka kuma tare da wasu cututtuka (gudawa, zazzabi, da sauransu).
Tsarin gishiri
Amfanin gishiri
Rashin gishiri a cikin jiki yana da sakamako mai lahani: sabuntawar tantanin halitta ya tsaya kuma haɓakar su ta iyakance, wanda daga baya zai iya haifar da mutuwar kwayar halitta. Gishiri mai gishiri yana motsa salivation, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga narkewar abinci.
Baya ga yau, sodium da chlorine suma suna cikin ruwan 'ya'yan pancreatic, bile kuma suna cikin narkewa a matakai daban -daban. Sodium yana haɓaka shayar da carbohydrates, kuma chlorine, a cikin nau'in hydrochloric acid, yana hanzarta narkar da sunadarai.
Bugu da kari, sinadarin chloride na tallafawa kuzarin kuzari a tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Gishiri yana daidaita yanayin jujjuyawar ruwa a jiki, yana da alhakin rage jini da lymph, tare da cire carbon dioxide. Gishiri na da matukar mahimmanci wajen daidaita hawan jini, wanda yawanci tashin sa ana dora shi ne akan gishiri.
Duk da muhimmin aikin sodium chloride ga jikin mu, shima yana da rashin amfani. Gishiri yana da matukar mahimmanci wajen daidaita hawan jini, wanda yawanci tashinsa ana dora shi ne akan gishiri. Ana ajiye gishiri mai raɗaɗi a cikin haɗin gwiwa, a cikin kodan. Saltara yawan gishiri a cikin jini yana taimakawa ci gaban atherosclerosis.
Minin gishiri
Masana'antu na samar da gishirin tebur, mai kyau, ƙyalƙyali, dafaffe, ƙasa, dunƙule, nikakke, da hatsi. Matsayi mafi girma na gishiri, mafi yawan sodium chloride da ke ciki da ƙananan abubuwan da ba za su narke ruwa ba. A dabi'ance, gishirin da ake ci mai girma yana da ɗanɗano da gishiri mai ƙananan daraja.
Amma gishirin kowane iri bai kamata ya ƙunshi ƙazantar waje da ido ke gani ba, kuma ɗanɗano ya zama gishiri kawai, ba tare da ɗaci da baƙin ciki ba. Gishirin teku na ɗaya daga cikin nau'in gishiri mafi koshin lafiya wanda ke da wadataccen ma'adanai. Idan kun damu da lafiyar ku, to yana da kyau ku ci irin wannan nau'in. Gishirin da ba a tantance shi ba - mai wadata a iodine, sulfur, iron, potassium da sauran abubuwan da aka gano.
Hakanan akwai irin wannan nau'in gishiri kamar abin da ake ci. Yana da ƙarancin sodium, amma ya ƙara magnesium da potassium, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don cikakken aiki na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Ƙarin gishiri wani nau'in gishiri ne mai “tashin hankali”, domin ba ya ƙunshe da wani abu banda sodium chloride mai tsabta. An lalata duk ƙarin abubuwan da aka gano sakamakon kumburin ruwa daga gare ta yayin tsaftacewa da soda.
Gishirin Iodized
Gishirin Iodized ya cancanci tattaunawa daban. Babu yankuna a cikin Rasha inda yawancin mutane ba za su iya fuskantar haɗarin ɓarkewar cututtukan iodine ba. Yankin Chelyabinsk yanki ne mai ƙarancin yanki (yanki mai ƙarancin iodine a cikin ƙasa, ruwa, abincin gida).
Tsawon shekaru goma, an samu karuwar matsalar karancin iodine. A yau, hanya mafi tabbatacciya kuma mafi sauƙi don hana ƙarancin iodine shine iodization na gishirin tebur. Babban fa'idar wannan hanyar ita ce kusan duk mutane suna cin gishiri a cikin shekara. Bugu da ƙari, gishiri samfurin ne mai arha da ake samu ga duk ɓangarorin jama'a.
Samun gishirin iodized abu ne mai sauƙi: ƙara potassium iodide zuwa gishirin abinci na yau da kullun a cikin tsayayyen rabo. Tare da adanawa, iodine a cikin gishirin iodi a hankali yana raguwa. Rayuwar rayuwar wannan gishirin wata shida ne. Bayan haka, sai ya zama gishirin tebur na yau da kullun. Adana gishirin iodized a cikin busassun wuri kuma a cikin akwati da aka kulle tam.
Tarihi
Wutar wutar ta haskaka ƙofar kogon, duwatsu da rassan bishiyoyi suna rataye da ita. Mutane suna zaune a kusa da wutar. Jikinsu a rufe da fatun dabbobi. Bakuna, da kibiyoyi masu kanti da kuma gatari na dutse sun kwanta kusa da mutanen. Yaran suka tattara rassa suka jefa a wuta. Matan sun soya sabo game da fatar a kan wuta, kuma mazaje, wadanda suka gaji da farauta, suka ci wannan naman da aka toya rabin sa, aka yayyafa masa toka, da garwashin da ke makale da shi.
Mutane ba su san gishiri ba tukuna, kuma suna son toka, wanda ya ba naman ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano mai gishiri.
Mutane a lokacin ba su san yadda ake yin wuta ba: ya same su ne ba zato ba tsammani daga itacen da walƙiya ta haska ko daga ja-zafi lawa na dutsen mai fitad da wuta. A hankali, sun koyi yadda ake adana garwashin wuta, tartsatsin wuta, koyon yadda ake toya nama ta hanyar liƙa shi a kan sanda kuma a riƙe shi a kan wuta. Ya zama cewa nama ba ya lalacewa da sauri idan an bushe shi a kan wuta, kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo idan ya rataye a cikin hayakin na wani lokaci.
Gano gishiri da farkon amfani dashi ya kasance zamanin da yake da mahimmancin masaniya kamar yadda mutum ya san mutum da aikin gona. Kusan lokaci guda tare da hakar gishiri, mutane sun koyi tattara hatsi, shuka filayen ƙasa da girbin amfanin gona na farko ...
Bincike ya nuna cewa tsohuwar ma'adinan gishiri sun kasance a biranen Slavic na ƙasar Galiya da Armenia. Anan, a cikin tsohuwar adits, ba kawai guduma ta dutse, gatari da sauran kayan aiki suka rayu har zuwa yau ba, har ma da goyan bayan katako na ma'adinai har ma da buhunan fata, wanda aka yi jigilar gishiri shekaru 4-5 da suka wuce. Duk wannan an cika shi da gishiri saboda haka zai iya rayuwa har zuwa yau.
Lokacin cinye birni, ƙasa, mutane, Romawa sun hana sojoji, akan azabar mutuwa, siyar da gishiri, makamai, dutsen niƙa da hatsi ga maƙiyin da ya ci nasara.
Babu gishiri kaɗan a cikin Turai wanda masu gishirin suna da mutunci ƙwarai da gaske kuma ana kiransa "haifaffen mutum", kuma samar da gishiri abu ne mai tsarki "
“Gishiri” wanda ake kira da sunan biyan kuɗin sojojin Roman, kuma daga wannan ne sunan ƙaramin kuɗin ya fito: a Italia “sojoji”, a Faransa “mai ƙarfi” da kuma kalmar Faransa “saler” - “albashi”
A cikin 1318, Sarki Philip V ya gabatar da harajin gishiri a cikin manyan birane goma sha biyu a Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin siyan gishiri a cikin rumbunan ajiyar jihar a ƙarin farashin. An hana mazauna bakin teku amfani da ruwan teku a ƙarƙashin barazanar tarar su. An hana mazaunan yankunan gishirin tattara gishiri da tsire-tsire masu gishiri.