Kayan abinci na Rasha

Tsarin samuwar da ci gaban abincin Rasha ya miƙa ƙarnuka da yawa. Yanzu kuma sannan, ambaton sa ya fito a cikin tarihin ƙarni da takardu daban-daban na tarihi. 'Yan gargajiya sun so yin rubutu game da shi a cikin ayyukansu marasa mutuwa. Masanan ilimin lissafi sunyi nazarin shi a hankali. Kuma duk saboda asali ne da wadata. Inganta shi ya nuna ba kawai rayuwar mutane da al'adu ba har ma da tarihi. Kuma kowane lokaci, ya inganta, ya cika tare da bashi, kuma ya faɗaɗa.

A yau kalmar "abincin Rashanci" tana haɗuwa da miyan kabeji, ɗanɗano mai tsami da naman kaza, daɗin "kulebyaka" da pies, da kuma shayi na musamman daga Samovar.

Amma koda shekaru 1000 da suka wuce, komai ya kasance mafi modan ƙanƙanci…

Tarihin ci gaba

Masana kimiyya sun gano matakai 4 na samuwar abinci na Rasha, kowannensu yana da halaye irin nasa. Yana:

1. 1 Tsohon Rashanci, wanda ya fara daga ƙarni na IX-XVI;
2. 2 tsohuwar Moscow - ta faɗi a karni na XVII;
3. 3 Petrovsky-Ekaterininsky - yana nufin karni na XVIII;
4. 4 Petersburg - ya haɗu da ƙarshen al'adun karni na XVIII kuma ya kasance har zuwa shekarun 60 na XIX.

Tsohon lokacin Rasha

Ta hanyar burodi da kayayyakin gari sun mamaye. Tsofaffin Rashawa sun rike pancakes, jelly ful, da rye pies da daraja. Bugu da ƙari, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, namomin kaza, nau'in nama da kifi iri-iri, porridge yayi hidima a matsayin cikawa. Tuni a lokacin, mutane suna gaishe da baƙi masu ƙauna da gurasa da gishiri.

Af, shi ne porridge a Rasha wanda aka ɗauka alama ce ta wadata. Kalmar “porridge” tana nufin tsoffin bukukuwan aure na Rasha. A kan teburin Rasha, koyaushe akwai buckwheat, sha'ir, sha'ir lu'u -lu'u, oatmeal, oatmeal, ko gero.

Bugu da ƙari, abincin na wancan lokacin ya haɗa da manyan kayan lambu - kabeji, turnips, radishes, peas, cucumbers. Anan sun fi son yin biki akan 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries. Ban da su, ana ɗaukar zuma da daraja a tsakanin haƙora mai daɗi, a kan abin da mutane suka ƙirƙira syrups da jam masu daɗi. Ko da a lokacin, uwar gida ta gasa gingerbread tare da su.

Tun ƙarni na XI na Rashawa sun yi amfani da kayan yaji: ganyen bay da barkono baƙi, cloves, ginger, cardamom, da saffron.

Har zuwa karni na XVII-th a nan, kusan ba su cin nama da madara. Kuma idan sun yi, to, sun yi miyan kabeji da gruel daga nama. Sun sha madara stewed ko danye, sun sanya kirim mai tsami da cuku daga ciki, kuma ba su san cream da man shanu ba har kusan ƙarni na XVI.

Kusan daidai lokacin, abubuwan sha na ƙasar Rasha sun bayyana - kvass, sider, da hops. A cikin masu giya 1284 sun yi giya a karon farko. Kuma a cikin karni na XV, ainihin vodka ta Rasha an yi ta ne daga hatsin hatsin hatsi.

A cikin ƙarni na XVI-XVII, Tsohon abincin Rashanci yana da wadataccen abinci da juji, yana aro su daga mutanen Asiya.

Tsohon-Moskov

Rabon abinci ya nuna karni na XVII a cikin wanda jama'ar gari suka fi so su sani kuma wanda talakawa suka gamsu da shi. Kuma idan a baya waɗannan bambance-bambance sun kasance ne kawai a cikin yawan jita-jita, yanzu sun ba da kulawa ta musamman ga inganci. Kuma duk saboda sabbin kayan abinci da dabarun dafa abinci sun fara shiga cikin abinci na gargajiya.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙarin gasasshen nama, wanda a baya ana ɗaukar ɗanɗano, ya fara bayyana a kan teburin masu martaba. Haka kuma naman alade, naman alade, naman sa, gasasshen rago, wasa, da kaji. A lokaci guda, an ɗanɗana hodgepodge, ɗanɗano, da abubuwan jin daɗi na asali kamar jellied redfish, salted fish, black caviar.

Bayan haka, mutanen Rasha sun fara karɓar samfuran Astrakhan da Kazan Khanates, Siberiya da Bashkiria, waɗanda kwanan nan suka shiga cikin jihar. Waɗannan su ne zabibi, ɓaure, kankana da kankana, apricots, lemo, da shayi. (Ko da yake wasu majiyoyi suna da'awar cewa lemons sun shahara a wasu yankuna tun daga karni na XI-th.) Kuma masu karbar baki sun fara amfani da girke-girke na pies masu dadi, gingerbreads, kowane irin jams, da apple marshmallows. A cewar wasu rahotanni, an shirya karshen a wasu yankuna na Rasha tun daga karni na XIV.

Don haka, karni na XVII ya kasance abin birgewa ta hanyar wadataccen abincin gargajiya na Rashanci da sauƙaƙawar manoma.

Petrovsko-Ekaterininsky

Bayan tsohon zamanin Moscow, wani sabon zamani ya fara - zamanin Bitrus Mai Girma. Ya bambanta da wasu ta hanyar aro mafi aiki na al'adun dafa abinci na Yamma. Kuma yanzu masu daraja da yawa suna kawo samfurori na kasashen waje da girke-girke na jita-jita da kuma "subscribes" ga masu cin abinci na kasashen waje. Suna wadatar da abinci na Rasha tare da pies, casseroles, rolls, da cutlets, suna ƙara shi da kiwo da ba a san su ba, kayan lambu, da miya da aka ɗora kuma suna ado da sandwiches, man shanu, da cheeses na Holland da Faransanci na gaske.

Sun kuma maye gurbin sunan “miya” na Rashanci da “miya” kuma sun koyar da yadda ake hidimar sa daidai - a cikin tukwane ko tukwanen ƙarfe.

Abincin Petersburg

Wannan lokacin yayi daidai da fitowar “taga zuwa Turai”. Ta hanyarsa, faransanci na gargajiya, Jamusanci, Italiyanci da Yaren mutanen Holland sun fara shiga cikin abincin Rasha. Daga cikin su: sara tare da ba tare da kashi ba, tsallake -tsallake, shiga ciki, steaks, dankalin turawa da tumatir, waɗanda aka shigo da su a wancan lokacin, har da tsiran alade da omelet.

A lokaci guda, sun fara ba da kulawa ta musamman ga shimfidar tebur da yin ado da jita-jita da kansu. Abin sha'awa, salads da yawa, kayan abinci na gefe, har ma da vinaigrette sun bayyana yayin aiwatar da wannan fasahar.

Wani fasali na wannan lokacin shine cewa masu martaba sunyi amfani da nau'ikan ciye-ciye. Kifi, nama, naman kaza, da kayan lambu sun banbanta kayan girke na Rasha sosai kuma sun sanya shi wadataccen abinci har ma da daɗi.

Kayan abinci na Rasha: kwanakinmu

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, abincin gargajiya na Rasha kawai ya wadatar. Chewararrun masu dafa abinci sun bayyana, waɗanda sunayensu suka shahara nesa ba kusa da iyakokin ƙasar ba. Tafiya a cikin duniya, suna ƙware da sababbin kayan girke-girke, godiya ga abin da zasu iya shirya abinci mafi ban mamaki da asali. Kuma haɗa abubuwan da basu dace ba a cikin kowannensu. Misali, ice cream daga burodin Borodino, foie gras borscht tare da flambé, salatin hadaddiyar giyar, rago da kvass miya, wuyan crayfish tare da caviar kayan lambu, da sauransu.

Mafi kyawun abincin Rasha

Abincin Rashanci na ƙasa ya ari sabbin kayan abinci da al'adun girke-girke na ƙasashen waje tsawon ƙarni da yawa. Koyaya, wannan bai hana ta kasancewa ta daban da asali ba. Bayan sun ɗanɗana ɗanɗano da kayan marmari, abubuwan ƙyama, da julienne, mutanen Rasha ba su canza halayensu ba.

Kuma ba su bar hatsi da miya ba, wanda bayan wani lokaci sai kawai ya zama ya bambanta. Bai canza al'adar ba da abinci ba. Kamar yadda yake a da, da farko, sun yi hidimar abinci mai zafi - miya, borscht, hodgepodge, ko miyar kabeji. Don na biyu - gefen abinci tare da nama ko kifi. Kuma na uku - abin sha mai zaki - ruwan 'ya'yan itace, compote, ruwan' ya'yan itace ko shayi. Kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu karɓan baƙi a duniya.

Babban hanyoyin dafa abinci a cikin abincin Rasha:

Ko ta yaya wadatar abinci da bambancin abinci na Rasha, har yanzu yana dogara ne da jita-jita na gargajiya waɗanda ake iya ganewa a kowace kusurwa ta duniya, wato:

Miyan kabeji.

Sun ce wannan abincin ya bayyana a Rasha a cikin ƙarni na IX-th, a lokaci guda a matsayin kabeji. Miya ne mai hade da abubuwa da yawa. Miyar kabeji ta ƙunshi zobo, sabo ko sauerkraut, nama (wani lokaci kifi ko naman kaza), kayan ƙanshi, da kayan miya masu tsami dangane da kirim mai tsami ko ruwan kabeji. Duk tsawon rayuwarsa, abin da yake da shi kusan bai canza ba, sai dai an faɗaɗa ɗanɗano kayan ƙanshi na miyan kabeji.

Kulebyak.

Ya banbanta da kayan alatu na yau da kullun ta hanyar ƙirƙirar hadaddun cikawa - daga nau'ikan naman min 2 zuwa 4, wanda aka raba shi da fankoki na bakin ciki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙararta ya zama daidai da aƙalla rabin ƙarar kullu. Farkon kulebyaki an yi shi ne daga yisti mai yisti da yadin kabeji, ƙwai, buckwheat alawar, dafaffen kifi, albasa, ko naman kaza kuma an kawata masu martaba da mutane na tebur na yau da kullun.

Akwati.

Abincin tunawa shine burodi da aka yi daga alkama ko shinkafa da zuma, tsaba poppy, zabibi, da madara. An shirya kuma aka yi aiki a jajibirin Kirsimeti da Epiphany, wani lokacin a wani abin tunawa. Kutia ta samo asali tun daga zamanin arna lokacin da aka girmama tunawa da kakanni da taimakon ta. Af, a cikin Rasha, kowane porridge yana da suna na biyu "mahaifiyar" burodi.

Noodles

Taliya ce da aka ara wacce ta shahara sosai a duk duniya, gami da Rasha. Abincin farko na farko 'yan kasar Sin ne. Sun bayyana a cikin II Millennium BC.

Kissel

Wannan abin sha ya kai akalla shekaru 1000. Da farko, anyi shi ne daga hatsi ko alkama, daga baya daga berries. Tunawa da shi kuma ya bayyana a cikin Labarin Shekaru na Bygone.

A cikin karni na X. A lokacin kawancen Belgorod, yunwa ta fara a cikin garin. Kuma a lokacin da mutanen garin suka riga sun yanke shawarar miƙa wuya, wani dattijo ya ba da umarnin a nemo ragowar hatsi da alkama, a yi jelly daga gare su a zuba a bahon da aka haƙa a cikin rijiya da ƙasa. Honey uzvar suka zuba a wani irin wannan bahon. Sannan kuma sun gayyaci masu nasara da yawa don su ɗanɗana daɗin ci daga rijiyoyin. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, sun ja da baya, suna yanke shawara cewa Uwar Duniya tana ciyar da mutanen Rasha.

Uka

Abincin kifi ne mai zafi. Kowane yanki yana da girke-girke na kansa don shirya shi. Misali, a cikin Don, suna son miyar kifi da tumatir.

Stroganina

Tasa ce da aka yi da ɗanyenta, sabo ne daskararren kifi, wanda ake ba da shi cikin shavings tare da cakuda gishiri da barkono. Sananne sosai a Siberia.

Olivier salatin

Abincin Sabuwar Shekara ne na ƙasa mai suna Lucien Olivier, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi. Girke -girke na gargajiya na Rasha ya ƙunshi tsiran alade na “Likitan”, dafaffen dankali, kwai, dafaffen cucumbers, koren wake, dafaffen karas, mayonnaise, da ganye.

Shayi daga samovar.

Sun ce irin wannan abin sha yana da dandano na musamman, wanda suka cimma duka ta hanyar amfani da samovar ɗin kanta, saboda haɗin kan dangi, wanda ya taru a cikin gazebo ko kan veranda don dandana shi.

pies

Gurasar da aka toya tare da nau'ikan kayan cikawa - kifi, nama, karas, kwai, albasa, da shinkafa da ƙananan ramuka a saman.

Pickled namomin kaza da pickles

Abun ciye ciye ne wanda ya kasance shekaru aru aru.

Vinaigrette

Abincin Rasha ne wanda aka yi daga beets, dankali, karas, koren wake, yankakke, albasa, man kayan lambu, da kayan ƙanshi, duk da cewa aro ne.

Gingerbreads

Waɗannan samfuran gari ne waɗanda suka samo asali a zamanin Tsohon Rasha.

Apple marshmallow a cikin abincin Rasha

Abincin gargajiya ne wanda aka shirya tun karni na XIV tare da zuma da apples. Abubuwan girke-girke na zamani sun fi tsafta kuma suna iya ƙunsar kirfa, 'ya'yan itace, da dai sauransu.

Gurasa da gishiri magani ne.

Yana da nau'in alama na abincin Rasha. A yau yana tsaye ne don karɓar baƙi. Kuma a zamanin da, an haɗa ta da ma'anar sihiri. Gurasa ta nuna dukiyar da jin daɗin iyalin, kuma gishiri yana kiyaye shi daga matsaloli da mummunan yanayi. 

Miyan.

A zahiri, wannan abincin ƙasar ne na abinci na Rasha. A baya can, shi ne kawai kayan lambu; daga baya, suka fara ƙara nama a ciki. A yau, akwai adadi mai yawa na kowane ɗanɗano.

Tumatir apples

Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan abincin zafin nama na gida. Sun kasance sanannun ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata.

Sauerkraut tasa ce da aka samo daga ferment of cabbage. Mutane sun yi imanin cewa duk abubuwan da ke da amfani suna adana shi.

Abin sha'awa don sani:

• Faranti sun bayyana a cikin Rasha a cikin karni na XNUMX. Kafin wannan, ana ba da abinci na ruwa a cikin babban kwano ɗaya, wanda daga shi ne dukkan dangin ke ci. Abinci mai kauri, da nama da kifi, sun kasance a saman manyan burodi.
• Sun bi ka'idojin gudanarwa a teburin da suke
• . A lokacin cin abincin, mutum bai iya yin dariya da magana da ƙarfi ko jefa abinci ba. Bayan haka, akwai bayani guda - girmamawar mutumin Rasha don abinci.
• Tanda gaske na Rasha ya kasance wuri na musamman a cikin abincin Rasha. Kasancewar ya kasance kimanin shekaru 3000, ya sami nasarar aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa. Sun dafa abinci a ciki, sun yi giya da kvass, busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa don hunturu, bukkoki masu zafi tare da shi, su kwana a kanta, wani lokacin ma su yi ta iyo a babban kwandon wuta, kamar a cikin wanka.
• Tanda ce ta ba da jita-jita na abincin Rasha ɗanɗano na musamman. Sun lura da wani tsari na zazzabi a ciki da dumama ɗamara daga kowane ɓangare. Hankali saboda hankali ga siffar jita-jita - tukwanen yumbu da baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ya bambanta a ƙasa da sizek. Providedarshen ya ba da ɗanɗano mai ƙanshi, ƙanshi mai ban mamaki, da adana duk abincin dafaffun 'abubuwa masu amfani.
• A zamanin da, teburin Rasha koyaushe an rufe shi da farin farin tebur kuma an yi masa ado da burodi da gishiri. Wata alama ce ta nuna cewa ana maraba da baƙi a cikin gidan.