Sashin kulawa mai zurfi wani sabis ne na likita na musamman wanda mafi yawan marasa lafiya ke kwance a asibiti har sai an daina yin barazana ga muhimman ayyukansu.

An bambanta raka'a daban-daban na sashin kulawa mai zurfi:

Sashin Kula da Ci gaba (ICU)

An yi niyya don kula da marasa lafiya a cikin haɗarin gazawar mahimmancin buƙatar kulawa ta kusa. Dole ne su iya jimre wa gazawar idan ya faru kuma su shirya majiyyaci don saurin saurinsa zuwa sashin kulawa mai zurfi.

Ƙungiyar kulawa ta musamman (ICU)

An ba shi ikon magance gazawa ɗaya na ƙayyadadden lokaci.

Tsanakewa

An yi niyya don kula da tsawon lokaci na marasa lafiya tare da gazawar da yawa.

Ba lallai ba ne a sami duk sabis a duk asibitoci: wannan shine lamarin musamman game da farfadowa. A gefe guda, duk asibitoci, na jama'a ko na sirri, suna da sabis na sa ido na sa'o'i 24 na ci gaba.

Rukunin kulawar gaggawa kowanne yana da nasa sana'a:

• Ilimin zuciya;
• Nephrological;
• Na numfashi;
• Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini;
• Hematologic;
• Neotal;
• Ilimin likitan yara;
• Gudanar da ƙonawa mai tsanani;
• Kuma da yawa

Ana shigar da marasa lafiya zuwa kulawa mai zurfi lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye ayyuka masu mahimmanci suka gaza sakamakon:

• Mummunan kamuwa da cuta (septic shock);
• Rashin ruwa mai tsanani;
• Daga wani alerji;
• Matsalar zuciya;
• Guba na miyagun ƙwayoyi;
• Daga polytrauma;
• Na coma;
• Rashin gazawar koda;
• M gazawar numfashi;
• Kamewar zuciya;
• Babban tiyata kamar tiyatar zuciya ko narkewar abinci;
• Kuma da yawa

A cikin sashin kulawa mai zurfi, yanayin marasa lafiya da jiyya da aka aiwatar suna buƙatar ma'aikata na musamman.

Ƙwarewar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a wurin ya dogara da nau'in aiki:

• A cikin sashin farfadowa, masu tayar da hankali suna nan;
• A cikin sashin kulawa mai zurfi a cikin ilimin zuciya (ICU), likitocin zuciya;
• A cikin rukunin sa ido na ci gaba, masu sayan maganin sa barci;
• Kuma da yawa

Likitocin ƙwararrun ƙwararru ne a cikin kulawa mai tsauri ko kuma cikin kulawa mai zurfi kuma suna aiki tare da haɗin gwiwar duk ƙwararrun asibitin: physiotherapists, technicians in medical electroradiology, nurse in general care (IDE), jami'an sabis na asibiti…

An tabbatar da ci gaba da kulawa da kulawar sa'o'i 24 tare da taimakon ɗimbin ma'aikatan lafiya da kuma kasancewar dindindin na ƙungiyar likitocin a wurin, don amsa nan da nan ga duk wani yanayi na gaggawa - IDE guda biyu don marasa lafiya biyar a cikin kulawa mai zurfi, IDE ɗaya don marasa lafiya hudu a cikin ICU da USC.

Duk ayyukan farfadowa suna da kayan aiki don tabbatar da ci gaba da kulawa da manyan ayyukan jiki da yanayin marasa lafiya.

Kayan aikin sa ido sun haɗa da:

• electrocardioscopes;
• Masu lura da hawan jini;
• Colorimetric oximeters – infrared cell sanya a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara na yatsa don auna yawan oxyhemoglobin a cikin jini;
• Catheters na tsakiya (VVC).

Kuma akai-akai da ake lura da su sune kamar haka:

• Mitar zuciya;
• Yawan numfashi ;
• Matsi na jijiya (systolic, diastolic da ma'ana): yana iya zama mai katsewa, godiya ga cuff wanda ke tasowa a lokuta na yau da kullum, ko ci gaba, ta hanyar catheter da aka dasa a cikin radial ko jijiyar mace;
• Tsakanin venous matsa lamba (PVC);
• Oxygen jikewa;
• Zazzabi: yana iya tsayawa - auna ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio - ko ci gaba da yin amfani da bincike;
• Da sauransu bisa ga bukatu: matsa lamba na intracranial, fitarwar zuciya, zurfin barci, da sauransu.

Bayanan kowane majiyyaci - ɗakuna guda ɗaya - ana nuna su a cikin ainihin lokaci a cikin kowane ɗaki kuma a layi daya akan allon da ke cikin babban zauren sabis don ma'aikatan su iya sa ido kan duk marasa lafiya lokaci guda. Idan ɗaya daga cikin sigogi ya canza ba zato ba tsammani, ƙararrawa mai ji yana kunna nan take.

Resuscitation wani yanayi ne na fasaha sosai inda zai yiwu a kafa tsarin taimako da yawa:

• Taimakon numfashi: gilashin oxygen, abin rufe fuska na oxygen, intubation tracheal, tracheostomy da zaman motsa jiki na numfashi;
• Taimakon zuciya da numfashi: magunguna don dawo da matsa lamba na al'ada, injin taimakon numfashi wanda ke inganta isar da iskar oxygen zuwa gabobin, injin taimakon jini na waje;
• Taimako na koda: ci gaba ko dialysis na lokaci-lokaci;
• Abincin wucin gadi: abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar bututu a cikin ciki ko abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar jiko;
• Sedation: kwanciyar hankali mai haske - mai haƙuri yana da hankali - tare da maganin sa barci - mai haƙuri yana cikin rashin lafiya;
• Kuma da yawa

A ƙarshe, kula da tsafta da ta'aziyya, wanda ake kira reno, ana ba da su kowace rana ta hanyar ma'aikatan jinya, mataimakan jinya da likitocin motsa jiki.

Sabis na farfadowa a buɗe suke ga iyalai da ƙaunatattun waɗanda kasancewarsu da goyan bayansu babban ɓangaren farfadowa ne. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, wakilan gudanarwa da wakilan addini suna samuwa don tallafawa marasa lafiya da iyalansu.

Binciken da Ma'aikatar Bincike, Nazari, Ƙididdiga da Ƙididdiga (DREES) ta yi ya kiyasta adadin gadaje - manya da yara, jama'a da masu zaman kansu - a Faransa a cikin 2018:

• A 5 a cikin kulawa mai zurfi;
• Zuwa 5 a cikin sashin kulawa mai zurfi;
• A 8 a ci gaba da sa ido naúrar.

A binciken da za'ayi a cikin Nuwamba 2020 da Societe de Pneumologie de Langue Francaise (SPLF) da National Professional Council of Pneumology gano duk dogon lokacin da kulawa Tsarin, m kula raka'a, m numfashi kula raka'a (USIR) da kuma ci gaba da pneumological lura ( USC) a kan ƙasa:

• USIRs, masu goyon bayan sassan ilimin pneumology, suna keɓance a cikin CHUs: gadaje 104 a cikin yankuna 7;
• USCs na huhu da ke samun goyon bayan sassan ilimin huhu: gadaje 101, ko gadaje na USC 81 + gadaje 20 a cikin tsarin hada USIR da USC.

Yana da matukar wahala a hango hasashen hasashen marasa lafiya da aka shigar da su cikin kulawa mai zurfi. Juyin halitta - haɓakawa ko haɓakawa - na yanayin asibiti na majiyyaci zai ƙayyade, bisa ga kowane hali, damarsa na rayuwa da kyakkyawar murmurewa.

An buga shi a cikin Oktoba 2020, binciken Covid-ICU - kamuwa da cuta ta Covid-19 a cikin Sashin Kula da Lafiya, "Sashin kulawa mai zurfi" - ya haɗa da manya 4 na Faransa, Belgium da Switzerland waɗanda ke da matsanancin ciwon numfashi mai alaƙa da kamuwa da cuta tare da SARS-CoV-244. Kwanaki casa'in bayan shigarsu cikin kulawa mai zurfi, yawan mace-mace ya kasance 2%.