Upalibin (daga ɗalibin Latin) baƙar fata madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ce, wacce take a matakin ido a tsakiyar iris.

Matsayi. Thealibin shine tsakiyar buɗewar iris, kuma yana ba da damar haske ya shiga cikin ido. A matakin ƙwallon ido, ɗalibi da iris ɗin suna tsakanin ruwan tabarau, a baya, da cornea, a gaba. (1)

Tsarin. Iris ya ƙunshi yadudduka na ƙwayoyin tsoka waɗanda ke da tsokoki biyu (1):

• tsokar sphincter na ɗalibin, ƙanƙancewarsa yana rage girman ɗalibin. Yana cike da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki na parasympathetic, yana shiga cikin tsarin jijiyoyin kai.
• tsokar dilator na ɗalibin, ƙanƙancewar sa yana ƙara diamita na ɗalibin. Yana cike da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, masu shiga cikin tsarin jijiyoyin kai.

Myosis / Mydriase. Miosis shine ƙuntataccen ɗalibi yayin da mydriasis shine fadada ɗalibin.

Sashi na adadin haske. Ana amfani da tsokar iris don auna shigowar haske cikin ido (1):

• Ana rage shigowar haske lokacin da tsokar sphincter na ɗalibi ta yi kwangila. Wannan lamari ne musamman idan idon yana fuskantar haske da yawa ko yana duban abu kusa.
• Ana ƙara shigar da haske lokacin da tsokar dilator na ɗalibi ta yi kwangila. Wannan lamari ne musamman idan ido yana fuskantar shigar haske mai rauni ko kallon abu mai nisa.

Ciwon ido. Wannan ilimin cututtukan ya yi daidai da canjin ruwan tabarau, wanda yake a bayan ɗalibin. Yana bayyana a matsayin rashin gani, wanda zai iya haifar da makanta. Ana ganin canjin ruwan tabarau ta hanyar canza launin ɗalibin, wanda ke bayyana ko fari maimakon baƙar fata.

Dalibin Adie. Wannan ilimin cututtukan, wanda har yanzu ba a san musabbabin sa ba, yana haifar da canjin parasympathetic na ɗalibin. (2)

Claude Bernard-Horner ciwo. Wannan ilimin cututtukan ya yi daidai da gazawar jin daɗin jinƙai da raɗaɗin ido. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan ciwo na iya zama lalacewar tsarin juyayi a cikin tsakiyar kwakwalwa, kashin baya ko rarrabuwar jijiyar carotid. (2)

Oculomotor jijiyoyin bugun gini. Jijiyar cranial ta uku, jijiya III, ko jijiyar oculomotor tana da alhakin shigar ciki da yawan tsokar idanu da tsokar jijiyoyin jiki ciki har da musamman parasympathetic innervation of the sphincter muscle of the student. Shanyewar wannan jijiya na iya shafar gani. (2)

Glaucoma. Wannan ciwon ido yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar jijiyar ido. Zai iya shafar gani.

Presbyopia. An danganta shi da shekaru, ya yi daidai da raunin ci gaba da ƙarfin ido don sauka. Yana da saboda asarar elasticity na ruwan tabarau.

Magungunan magunguna. Dangane da cutar, ana iya ba da magunguna daban -daban, gami da zubar da ido (idanun ido). (3)

Magungunan Symptomatic. Don wasu cututtukan cuta, ana iya ba da umarnin saka tabarau, musamman tabarau masu launin fata. (4)

Magungunan tiyata. Dangane da nau'in ilimin cuta, ana iya yin aikin tiyata kamar, alal misali, cire ruwan tabarau da sanya ruwan tabarau na wucin gadi a wasu lokuta na ciwon ido.

Binciken jiki. Ana gudanar da gwajin aikin ɗalibi a tsari na kimantawa na ido (misali: fundus). Yana ba da damar bayar da bayanai da yawa.

Nazarin Pharmacological. Ana iya yin gwaje -gwajen magunguna tare da apraclonidine na musamman, ko ma pilocarpine don gano canji a cikin halayen ɗalibi. (3)

Binciken hoto na likita. Ana iya amfani da MRI, angiography resonance resonance, lissafin tomography ko ma ɗalibi don kammala ganewar asali.

Bayyanar jajayen idanu a cikin hoto yana da alaƙa da choroid, ɗayan membranes na kwan fitila, wanda ke da wadatar jijiyoyin jini. Lokacin da aka ɗauki hoto, walƙiya na iya haskaka idanu ba zato ba tsammani. Don haka ɗalibin ba shi da lokacin ja da baya kuma ya bar jan choroid ɗin. (1)