Contents
- 1. Lawrence LeShan "Idan akwai yaki gobe? Psychology of War»
- 2. Mikhail Reshetnikov "Psychology na War"
- 3. Ursula Wirtz, Joerg Zobeli “Kishirwa ga ma’ana. Mutum a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Iyaka na Psychotherapy
- 4. Peter Levine Waking the Tiger - Healing Trauma
- 5. Otto Van der Hart, Ellert RS Nienhayus, Cathy Steele fatalwowi na baya. Rarrabuwar tsari da magani na sakamakon ciwon hauka na yau da kullun”
"Biki tare da hawaye a cikin idanu" - wannan layin daga waƙar ya zama wani tsari mai mahimmanci wanda ke nuna halin Rashawa ga Nasara a cikin Babban Patriotic War. Duk da haka, ban da hawaye, ƙwarewar shiga cikin yakin - a fagen fama, a matsayin wanda aka azabtar ko a baya - ya bar raunuka mai zurfi a kan rai. A cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam, irin waɗannan raunuka ana kiran su da cutar da damuwa bayan tashin hankali (PTSD). Muna magana ne game da littattafai guda biyar da za su taimake ka ka fahimci yanayin tunani na yaƙi, da bambancin raunin da irin wannan bala'i ya jawo wa mutane, da kuma hanyoyin warkar da su.
1. Lawrence LeShan "Idan akwai yaki gobe? Psychology of War»
A cikin wannan littafi, wani masanin ilimin halin dan Adam na Amurka (mai iya yin tasiri mai zurfi a cikin sauran ayyukansa) ya yi tunani a kan dalilin da ya sa yaƙe-yaƙe suka kasance babban abokin ɗan adam tsawon ƙarni - kuma me yasa ba tsakiyar zamanai tare da ra'ayin addini na duniya, ko Sabon Zamani tare da wayewar sa. a daina zubar da jini.
"Daga bayanan da muke da shi kan lokaci, mita, da shaharar yaƙe-yaƙe, za mu iya kammala wannan yaƙin yana ba mutane fata don magance matsalolinsu ko ma da yawa matsalolin da za a iya gane su a matsayin duniya,” in ji LeShan. A wasu kalmomi, an tsara yaƙe-yaƙe don biyan bukatun mutane - kuma, bisa ga hasashe na LeShan, muna magana ne game da muhimman buƙatun tunani, ba game da tattalin arziki ba. Babu yaki a zahiri bai wa kowa damar da za a «tsabar kudi a»: tushen zubar da jini ba a cikin tattalin arziki.
2. Mikhail Reshetnikov "Psychology na War"
Psychologist Mikhail Reshetnikov a cikin bi da bi na 1970-1980 aka tsunduma a cikin tunani selection na 'yan takara domin horo a jirgin sama School na matukin jirgi da kuma nazarin hali na mutane a cikin cibiyoyin bala'o'i, yaƙe-yaƙe da bala'o'i. Musamman abubuwan da ya yi nazari sun hada da yakin Afghanistan, hadarin da ya faru a tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Chernobyl (1986), girgizar kasa ta Spitak a Armenia (1988) da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. Likitan digiri na Mikhail Reshetnikov ya karbi hatimin «Top Secret» - an cire shi ne kawai a cikin 2008, lokacin da mai binciken ya yanke shawarar tattara nasarorinsa a cikin littafi guda.
An rubuta shi a cikin busasshiyar harshe na kimiyya, wannan aikin zai kasance mai ban sha'awa da farko ga masu kwantar da hankali da masu tabin hankali waɗanda ke aiki tare da mutanen da suka tsira daga bala'o'i ko waɗanda ke shiga cikin tashin hankali. Matsayin "al'adar ɗan adam" a cikin yaki, a cikin bala'o'i da kuma ayyukan ceto shine tsakiyar binciken: marubucin ya haɓaka takamaiman shawarwari don shawo kan shi. Farfesa Reshetnikov ya kuma mai da hankali sosai kan yadda tsoffin sojojin Afghanistan suka saba da rayuwar farar hula bayan yakin. Idan aka yi la’akari da babban aiki na dukan wannan ƙarni na maza, abubuwan da masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam za su iya ba da haske game da yanayin yanayin tunani a Rasha ta zamani.
3. Ursula Wirtz, Joerg Zobeli “Kishirwa ga ma’ana. Mutum a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Iyaka na Psychotherapy
Wannan littafi ya wuce kwata na karni, amma an riga an dauke shi a matsayin zinare na wallafe-wallafe. Marubutan, Jungian da Neo-Freudian, sun yi ƙoƙari su bayyana a cikin aikinsu da dama sassa na aiki tare da rauni na tunani lokaci guda: ma'ana da rikicin ma'ana, iyakancewa da hanyoyin da za a shawo kan su, ƙoƙarin tsara hanyoyin gabaɗaya don warkarwa daga rauni. . Suna zana abubuwa masu yawa da aka tattara yayin aikin tare da mahalarta da wadanda yakin Yugoslavia ya shafa, kuma suna nuna abin da ke faruwa a cikin duniyar ciki na mutum a lokacin da ya fi dacewa, gamuwa da fuska da mutuwa.
Bisa ga kusancin Wirtz da Zobeli, tushen shawo kan rauni shine nema da samar da wata sabuwar ma'ana da gina sabon asali a kusa da wannan ma'anar. Anan sun haɗu tare da ka'idodin Viktor Frankl da Alfried Lenglet, kuma ba wai kawai sanya ma'ana ne a gaba ba. Kamar babban Frankl da Lenglet, marubutan wannan littafi sun haɗu da rata tsakanin tsarin kimiyya kawai ga ilimin halin ɗan adam da kuma kusan tunanin addini na rai da ruhi, yana kawo masu shakka da masu bi kusa da juna. Wataƙila babban darajar wannan bugu shine yanayin sulhu wanda ya mamaye kowane shafi.
4. Peter Levine Waking the Tiger - Healing Trauma
Psychotherapist Peter Levin, yana kwatanta tsarin warkar da rauni, da farko ya rarraba ainihin ra'ayi na rauni, ya kai ga kasan raunin. Alal misali, lokacin da yake magana game da tsoffin sojojin yaƙi da waɗanda aka yi wa tashin hankali (kuma ba daidai ba ne cewa suna kusa da shi a jerin sa!), Farfesa Levin ya lura cewa sau da yawa sun kasa wuce "maganin rashin motsi" - a wasu kalmomi, suna samun makale a cikin wani mummunan kwarewa na watanni da shekaru. da kuma yin magana game da wahala akai-akai, ci gaba da fuskantar fushi, tsoro da zafi.
"Rashin hankali" yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakai zuwa rayuwa ta al'ada. Amma mutane kaɗan ne kawai za su iya yin hakan da kansu, don haka rawar da masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, abokai da dangi suke da shi a cikin wannan tsari yana da kima. Wanne, a gaskiya, ya sa littafin ya zama mai amfani ba kawai ga masu sana'a ba: idan ɗaya daga cikin ƙaunatattunku ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da tashin hankali, bala'i, ko ya dawo daga tashin hankali, ayyukanku da maganganunku na iya taimaka musu su dawo rayuwa.
5. Otto Van der Hart, Ellert RS Nienhayus, Cathy Steele fatalwowi na baya. Rarrabuwar tsari da magani na sakamakon ciwon hauka na yau da kullun”
Wannan littafi yana magana da irin wannan sakamakon abin da ya faru na rauni kamar rabuwa, ko jin cewa haɗin fahimtar ku da gaskiyar ya ɓace - kuma abubuwan da ke kewaye da ku ba su faruwa da ku ba, amma ga wani.
Kamar yadda marubutan suka lura, a karon farko masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Burtaniya Charles Samuel Myers ya bayyana rabuwa dalla-dalla dalla-dalla: ya lura cewa sojojin da suka shiga cikin tashin hankali na 1914-1918 sun kasance tare kuma sun canza tare da kowannensu. sauran halaye na al'ada na zahiri (ANP) da kuma halaye masu tasiri (AL). Idan na farko daga cikin waɗannan sassa ya nemi shiga cikin rayuwa ta yau da kullun, yana marmarin haɗin kai, to na biyu ya mamaye motsin rai mai lalacewa. Don daidaitawa ANP da EP, yin ƙarshen baya lalacewa, shine babban aikin ƙwararren mai aiki tare da PTSD.
Binciken da aka yi a karni na gaba, bisa la'akari da Myers, ya sa ya yiwu a gano yadda za a sake haɗa wani mutum mai rauni da kuma karaya - wannan tsari ba shi da sauƙi, amma ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa na masu kwantar da hankali da ƙaunatattun za a iya aiwatar da shi.