rigakafin

– Ya kamata a guji rashi na Iodine, saboda yana da haɗari ga nodules na thyroid.

- Jiyya na radiation sun fi kyau kuma sun fi dacewa su dace don isar da mafi ƙarancin adadin da ake bukata a kowane hali, da iyakance tasiri akan thyroid.

A ganewar asali

Likita ya fara ƙayyade, tare da taimakon gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, yanayin nodule. An zaɓi magani ko babu magani daidai. Kafin shekarun 1980, yawancin nodules an cire su ta hanyar tiyata. Tun daga nan, an tsaftace hanyoyin bincike da magani don yin aiki kawai lokacin da mahimmanci. 

Binciken asibiti

Binciken wuyan zai tabbatar ko a'a cewa kumburi yana da alaƙa da thyroid, duba ko yana da zafi ko a'a, guda ɗaya ko da yawa, mai wuya, mai ƙarfi ko taushi, da kuma neman kasancewar ƙwayoyin lymph a wuyansa.

Babban jarrabawa yana neman alamun aikin thyroid mara kyau

Har ila yau, likita zai tambayi abin da jiyya da aka yawanci dauka da mutum, da ra'ayi na tarihi na thyroid matsaloli a cikin iyali, irradiation na wuyansa a yara, da geographical asalin, da gudummawar dalilai (taba, rashin aidin, ciki).

Gwajin hormone thyroid 

Gwajin jini na hormone TSH da ke daidaita samar da hormones na thyroid ya sa ya yiwu a duba ko ɓoyewar hormones na thyroid na al'ada ne, wuce kima (hyperthyroidism) ko rashin isa (hypothyroidism). TSH ba al'ada ba ne. Muna kuma neman kasancewar anti-thyroid antibodies. Ana buƙatar Calcitonin idan ana zargin wani nau'i na ciwon daji, medullary thyroid cancer. 

Duban dan tayi

Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi so don bincikar nodules na thyroid. Yana ba da damar ganin nodules na 2 mm a diamita ko fiye da sanin adadin nodules da yuwuwar kasancewar goiter multinodular. Hakanan ana amfani da hoto don bambance m, ruwa ko gauraye bayyanar nodule. Dangane da kamanninsa da girmansa yana ba da gardama ga mai kyau ko mugun hali wanda ya kai ga tambaya ko a'a. Hakanan yana ba da damar bayan jiyya don bin juyin halittar nodule. 

Scan thyroid

Ana buƙatar kawai lokacin da adadin hormone TSH ya yi ƙasa.

Don yin thyroid scintigraphy, bayan shan alamun rediyoaktif irin su aidin ko technetium, mun lura da yadda ake rarraba iodine a cikin glandar thyroid.

Wannan jarrabawar tana ƙayyade aikin gaba ɗaya na gland, na iya nuna nodules da ba a gani akan palpation kuma yana neman ko nodules suna "sanyi" yana tare da rage yawan aikin thyroid, "zafi" tare da yawan samar da hormones, ko "tsaka-tsaki" Tare da hormonal na al'ada. aiki.

Nodule mai zafi kusan koyaushe yana da kyau, don haka ba cutar kansa ba ce. Cold nodules ciwon daji ne sau da yawa, kodayake 90% har yanzu suna da laushi.

Huda na nodule a ƙarƙashin kulawar duban dan tayi ana buƙatar idan halayen asibiti ko bayyanar a kan duban dan tayi suna nuna mummunar yanayin nodule. (cf. takardar) Yin amfani da allura mai kyau, likita ya nemi sel na nodule don bincikar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun halayen su kuma don tantance yanayin. yanayi, mara kyau ko ciwon daji, na nodule. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen kawar da nodule na cystic.

Za a sabunta huda idan bai cika ba

Ana iya ƙara waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar thyroid scintigraphy, CT scan ko MRI. Lokacin da ake zargin ciwon daji na thyroid, sau da yawa shi ne aikin tiyata tare da binciken tarihi na ƙwayar cuta wanda ya sa ya yiwu ko a'a tabbatar da shi.

jiyya

Idon rediyoaktif. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa azaman haɗin gwiwa zuwa aikin tiyata na thyroid don lalata duk wani ƙwayoyin thyroid wanda mai yiwuwa ba a cire shi ta hanyar tiyata ba.

Ana kuma amfani da iodine na rediyoaktif don magance nodules ("zafi") da ke haifar da alamun hyperthyroidism. Magani na watanni 2 zuwa 3 yawanci ya isa ga nodules su warware kuma don alamun hyperthyroidism su ɓace. Ana shan Iodine ta baki a cikin capsule ko sigar ruwa. Wannan maganin yana haifar da hypothyroidism na dindindin a kusan kashi 80% na lokuta, saboda iodine radioactive yana lalata ƙwayoyin da ke samar da hormones. Wannan hypothyroidism na biyu zuwa jiyya ana iya rama shi da kyau ta hanyar jiyya tare da hormones na thyroid sannan a sha akai-akai. A wasu lokuta, ana bi da nodules tare da tiyata.

tiyata. Yana kawar da lobe ɗaya ko duka thyroidectomy (thyroidectomy). Ana nuna shi lokacin da nodules ke da ciwon daji ko ake zargin su da rashin lafiya, ko kuma idan suna yin hypersecreting (samar da hormone thyroid da yawa) ko babba. Maganin maye gurbin hormone thyroid na tsawon rai (levothyroxine) ana buƙatar mafi yawan lokuta. Bayan haka, wanda aka yi wa tiyata zai ɗauki maye gurbin maganin thyroid a kowace rana.

Nodules ba tare da cututtukan cututtukan hormonal ba kuma wanda girmansa bai wuce ¾ cm ba ana duba shi kowane watanni 6 zuwa shekara.