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Mackerel na doki ko mackerel na doki, a cikin ma'anar da aka yarda da ita, shine sunan babban rukuni na kifaye wanda ya fi mahimmancin kasuwanci. A cikin Rashanci, ana kiran mackerel doki nau'ikan kifaye da yawa na dangin mackerel na doki. Yawancin su na kasuwanci ne. Kimanin Genera 30 da fiye da 200 na cikin nau'ikan kifayen SCAD. Yawancin kifaye na iyali sun kai girma masu girma kuma sun kasance babban kofi da aka fi so ga masu kamun kifi masu son kamun teku. A kan wannan albarkatu, an kwatanta wasu nau'ikan daban-daban. A zahiri, wani yanki na daban - "Sick", yana da kusan nau'ikan 10 kuma suna da yayyafa cikin yanayin zafi da na wurare masu zafi. Duk mackerel dawakai ne masu farauta. Jikin kifin yana da siffa mai siffa. Baki yana da matsakaici, rabin ƙasa. Tsawon wasu nau'in na iya kaiwa 70 cm, amma a mafi yawan lokuta yana da 30 cm. Dangane da tsawon, yawan kifin na iya kaiwa zuwa kilogiram 2.5, amma a matsakaita yana kusan 300 g. Akwai filaye guda biyu a bayansa, ƙunƙuntaccen kututturen caudal, shima, yana da filaye na sama da na ƙasa, yana ƙarewa da ƙoƙon caudal mai cokali mai yatsu. Ƙarshen ƙoƙon baya yana da haskoki da yawa da aka haɗa da membrane, ƙari kuma, ƙoƙon tsuliya yana da kashin baya biyu. Ma'auni ƙanana ne, a kan tsakiyar layi akwai garkuwar kasusuwa tare da spikes waɗanda ke da kaddarorin kariya. Doki mackerels suna makaranta, kifi pelargic. Suna ciyarwa, dangane da girmansu, akan ƙananan kifi, zooplankton, amma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi kuma suna iya canzawa zuwa ciyar da dabbobin ƙasa.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi
Kamun doki mackerel shine sanannen nau'in kamun kifi tsakanin mazauna yankin, misali, yankin Bahar Maliya. Doki mackerel yana kama da kowane nau'in kamun kifi mai son. Yana iya zama ko dai sanda mai iyo, jujjuyawa, tunkarar kamun kifi a tsaye, ko kamun kifi. Ana kama kifi daga bakin teku da kuma daga jiragen ruwa daban-daban. Don baits, ana amfani da bats na halitta, da kuma nau'ikan wucin gadi daban-daban, waɗanda suka fito daga ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa, kwari zuwa gashi na yau da kullun da guda na filastik. Sau da yawa a lokacin "zhora" garken mackerel na doki yana da sauƙin ganewa - kifi ya fara tsalle daga ruwa. Mafi mashahuri shine kamun kifi akan ƙugiya da yawa kamar "zalunci".
Hanyoyin kamun kifi tare da ƙugiya da yawa
Azzalumi kamun kifi, duk da sunan, wanda yake a fili na Rasha asalin, shi ne quite tartsatsi da kuma amfani da anglers a duk faɗin duniya. Akwai ƙananan peculiarities na yanki, amma ka'idar kamun kifi iri ɗaya ce a ko'ina. Ya kamata a lura cewa babban bambanci tsakanin duk rigs na wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da girman ganima. Da farko, ba a ba da amfani da kowane sanduna ba. An raunata wasu adadin igiya akan reel na sifar da ba ta dace ba, dangane da zurfin kamun kifi, zai iya kai mita dari da yawa. A ƙarshe, an gyara wani sinker tare da nauyin da ya dace daga 100 zuwa 400 g, wani lokaci tare da madauki a ƙasa don tabbatar da ƙarin leash. An haɗe leashes zuwa igiya, galibi a cikin adadin kusan guda 10-15. A cikin nau'ikan zamani, ana amfani da sandunan simintin nesa daban-daban. Adadin layukan na iya bambanta kuma ya dogara da ƙwarewar magudanar ruwa da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su. Ya kamata a fayyace cewa kifin teku ba su da "kyauta" ga kauri daga cikin kauri, don haka yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da monofilaments masu kauri (0.5-0.6 mm). Game da sassan ƙarfe na kayan aiki, musamman ma ƙugiya, yana da kyau a tuna cewa dole ne a rufe su tare da maganin lalata, saboda ruwan teku yana lalata karafa da sauri. A cikin sigar "classic", "mai zalunci" an sanye shi da ƙugiya, tare da gashin fuka-fukan da aka haɗe, zaren woolen ko sassa na kayan haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa, bugu da ƙari ƙayyadaddun beads, beads, da dai sauransu don kamun kifi. A cikin nau'ikan zamani, lokacin da ake haɗa sassan kayan aiki, ana amfani da daban-daban swivels, zobba, da sauransu. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin juzu'in, amma yana iya cutar da ƙarfin sa. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da abin dogara, kayan aiki masu tsada. A kan jiragen ruwa na musamman don kamun kifi akan na'urori na musamman na kan-jirgin "za a iya samar da na'urorin reling. Wannan yana da amfani sosai lokacin kamun kifi a zurfin zurfi. Lokacin amfani da gajerun sandunan gefe tare da zoben shiga ko sandunan kaɗe-kaɗe na teku, matsala ta taso wacce ta dace da duk na'urorin ƙugiya masu yawa tare da layi da shugabannin da ke tashi yayin wasan kifin. Lokacin kama kananan kifi, ana magance wannan matsalar ta hanyar amfani da sanduna masu tsayi, da kuma lokacin kama manyan kifi, ta hanyar iyakance adadin leashes "aiki". A kowane hali, lokacin da ake shirya maganin kamun kifi, babban leitmotif ya kamata ya zama dacewa da sauƙi yayin kamun kifi. "Samodur" kuma ana kiranta kayan aiki da yawa ta amfani da bututun ƙarfe na halitta. Ka'idar kamun kifi abu ne mai sauqi: bayan saukar da mai nutsewa a tsaye a tsaye zuwa zurfin da aka kayyade, angler yana yin takalmi na lokaci-lokaci bisa ka'idar walƙiya ta tsaye. A cikin yanayin cizon aiki, wannan, wani lokacin, ba a buƙata. "Saukarwa" kifaye akan ƙugiya na iya faruwa a lokacin da rage kayan aiki ko daga filin jirgin ruwa. Kamun kifi "don azzalumi" yana yiwuwa ba kawai daga jiragen ruwa ba, har ma daga bakin teku.
Batsa
Ana amfani da batuka iri-iri don kama makin doki; lokacin kamun kifi tare da kayan ƙugiya da yawa, ana amfani da kogin wucin gadi iri-iri na farin ko launin azurfa. Game da kamun kifi tare da sandunan ruwa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da baits na shrimp.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Yawancin nau'in kifaye na mackerel na doki suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa mai zafi da na wurare masu zafi na tekuna a cikin latitudes na arewa da kudanci. A cikin ruwa na Rasha, ana iya kama mackerel doki a cikin Tekun Black da Azov. Mazaunan waɗannan kifayen galibi suna iyakance ne ga shiryayye na nahiyar, galibi kusa da bakin teku.
Ciyarwa
Kifin kifin yana faruwa a lokacin dumi kusa da bakin teku. Kifin yana girma a cikin shekaru 2-3. Mackerel dokin Black Sea yana tsiro a watan Yuni-Agusta. An raba zubewa. Pelargic caviar. A lokacin aikin haifuwa, mazan suna zama a cikin ginshiƙan ruwa sama da mata kuma suna takin ƙwai masu tasowa.