Ovaries (daga tsoffin dabbobin Latin, kwai) gabobi ne na tsarin haihuwa na mace. Babban aikin su shine samar da oocytes da hormones na jima'i.

location. Biyu a lamba, ovaries na mata ko gonads sune gland shine ke cikin ƙaramin ƙashin ƙugu, a bayan mahaifa (1). Suna kuma haɗe da bututun fallopian, wanda ƙusoshinsu ke kewaye da su don yin mazaunin. Ana gyara kwayayen mahaifa saboda jijiyoyi daban -daban da ke haɗa su zuwa bangon lumbar, ga bututu, da ɓangaren bayan mahaifa, da kuma godiya ga mesovarium.

Structure. Gujewa cikin siffa kuma tsawon 3 zuwa 4 cm, ovaries sun ƙunshi sassa 2:

• A gefen gefen: yankin cortical, inda ɓullar ƙwayar mahaifa take, kowannensu yana ɗauke da oocyte (ƙarshen zai zama ovum)
• A tsakiyar: yankin medullary, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan haɗin gwiwa da jijiyoyin jini

Vascularization da innervation. Ana samar da ovaries ta jijiyoyin mahaifa. Ana gudanar da magudanar ruwa a gefen dama ta vena cava kuma a hagu ta jijiyar koda (2).

Yin kwai. Yawancin kumburin mahaifa zai bunkasa yayin kowane juyi (1). Oneaya ne kaɗai za a zaɓa kuma, lokacin balaga, za a fitar da oocyte ta rupture na follicle, wanda ake kira ovulation.

Samarwa da ɓoyewar hormones. Ovary shine wurin samar da hormones biyu:

• Estrogen, wanda ke da hannu musamman wajen haɓaka halayen jima'i na sakandare
• Progesterone, wanda ke da hannu musamman a cikin kaurin endometrium, rufin mahaifa da aka yi amfani da shi azaman wurin dasawa ga ƙwai (ƙwai mai hadi) (3)

Hawan haila. Ya ƙunshi saitunan gyare -gyare na kayan aikin al'aurar mata don samun damar samun kwai. Idan babu hadi, endometrium ya lalace, wanda yayi daidai da lokacin haila.

ovarian ciwon daji. Munanan (masu cutar kansa) ko mara kyau (marasa cutar kansa) na iya bayyana a cikin kwai (4). Alamun na iya zama rashin jin daɗi na pelvic, matsalolin sake zagayowar, ko zafi.

Cutar Ovarian. Ya yi daidai da aljihu wanda ke haɓaka da kansa daga ƙwai da tsarin sa zai iya bambanta. Akwai nau'i biyu na cysts:

• Mafi yawan cysts masu aiki suna ɓacewa kwatsam (1).
• Kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda dole ne a kula dasu saboda suna iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi da jin zafi, kuma su kasance wurin haɓaka ƙwayoyin sel kansa.

Magungunan tiyata. Dangane da illar cutar da ci gabanta, ana iya gudanar da aikin tiyata kamar tiyatar laparoscopic a wasu lokuta na mafitsara.

Chemotherapy. Magungunan ciwon daji na iya zama tare da chemotherapy.

Binciken jiki. Farkon jin zafi yana farawa tare da gwajin asibiti don tantance halayen ciwon da alamun da ke tare.

Binciken hoto na likita. Dangane da abin da ake zargi ko tabbatar da cutar, ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje kamar na duban dan tayi ko x-ray.

Laparoscopy. Wannan jarrabawar fasaha ce ta endoscopic da ke ba da damar isa ga ramin ciki, ba tare da buɗe bangon ciki ba.

Binciken halittu. Za a iya yin gwajin jini, misali don gano alamun ƙari.

Asali, ovaries sun ƙaddara gabobin ne kawai inda ake yin ƙwai a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, saboda haka asalin asalin asalin Latin: ƙwai, kwai. An ba da kalmar ovary ta hanyar kwatanci ga gonads na mata a cikin dabbobin da ke rayuwa, waɗanda daga baya ake kiran su gwajin mata (5).