Le gwiwa shine babba hadin gwiwa daga jiki. Yana da mahimmanci ga motsi da kwanciyar hankali. A lokacin wasu motsi, kamar hawan matakala, gwiwoyi suna goyan bayan nauyin jiki sau 4 zuwa 5¹. Sabili da haka, ana iya raunana su cikin sauƙi da lalacewa ta hanyoyi daban -daban na maimaitawa da aka yi a wasu sana'o'i ko wasu wasanni. Sakamakon shine faruwar matsalolin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke haifar da ciwo da iyakance motsi.

Sau da yawa 'yan wasa da manyan' yan wasa suna cin zarafin gwiwoyi, waɗanda ke takura su akai-akai kuma suna saka su da duka da lamba. Daya bisa uku na raunin wasanni kuma yana da dangantaka da gwiwoyi⁸. Sana'o'in da ke buƙatar ku kasance cikin tsugunnawa ko durƙusawa sau da yawa (fiye da rabin sa'a a kowace rana), don tashi sau da yawa daga waɗannan wurare biyu, hawa hawa sau da yawa ko ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi kuma yana ƙara haɗarin wahala daga ciwo gwiwa.

Don cikakken fahimtar abin da ke biyo baya, yana iya zama da amfani mu koma ga Anatomy ɗin mu na gabobi: takardar mahimman bayanai waɗanda ke kwatantawa da bayyana abubuwan da suka haɗa haɗin gwiwa.

Cututtukan musculoskeletal na ƙungiyar gwiwa tare da matsaloli da yawa (duba zane).

• Sprain, wanda shine shimfiɗar jijiya (ƙwayar fibrous da ke haɗa kasusuwa tare);
• The cututtuka na tendinopathies (ko tendonitis), wato harin jijiya, wannan “igiyar” wacce ke haɗa tsokoki da ƙasusuwa. A cikin gwiwa, jijiyoyi da yawa na iya shan wahala ko hawaye;
• Raunin menisci, ƙananan ƙanƙara guda biyu, guringuntsi masu siffa-ƙarfe wanda ke tsakanin tibia da femur a kowace gwiwa;
• Hygroma ko bursudi na gwiwa, wanda yayi daidai da kumburin “bursae”, ƙananan aljihunan da ke cikin gwiwa wanda aikinsu shine sauƙaƙe zamewar jijiyoyin;
• La jijiya matsawa wanda ke gangarowa zuwa gefen maraƙi (jijiya na popliteal sciatic na waje).

iri

Wannan takaddar tana bayanin cututtukan 3 mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta na gwiwa: femoro-patellar ciwo da kuma iliotibial band friction syndrome, galibi ana samun su a cikin 'yan wasa, haka nan gwiwa bursitis, sanadiyyar yawan durƙusawa da tsawaita matsayi ko rauni kai tsaye.

Waɗannan nau'ikan cututtukan 3 suna da alaƙa da yawan amfani da gwiwa kuma suna bayyana kansu a hankali. Ba kasafai suke haifar da rauni na haɗari ko bugun tuntuɓe ba, wanda a maimakon haka yana haifar da raunin ligament da meniscus.

Patellofemoral ciwo

An kiyasta cewa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na 'yan wasa suna fama da wannan ciwo a wani lokaci ko wani. Ciwon Patellofemoral yana halin haushi na guringuntsi na haɗin gwiwa. gwiwa, tsakanin femur (ƙashin cinya) da ƙashin gwiwa (duba zane). Yawancin lokaci, alamun suna bayyana lokacin da haɗin gwiwa yake surutilisée ko kuma an matsa masa sosai, kamar lokacin da ba zato ba tsammani yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfin motsa jiki, ko lokacin da akwai misali tsakanin patella da femur.

Babban Sanadin:

• Sag daga baka baka (baka na ƙafar), wanda ke karkatar da daidaita gwiwa, shine sanadin gama gari. Abubuwan gado ko na halitta sune asalin matsalar;
• Rashin daidaituwa na sojojin tsoka yin aiki a kan gwiwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa yayin motsi, shima dalili ne na yau da kullun;
• La maimaita aiki activitiesaya daga cikin ayyukan masu zuwa: hawa sama ko ƙasa, gudu a kan gangaren hawa, tafiya dogon tafiya, yawan tsugunawa ko shiga cikin ayyukan da dole ne ku yi tsalle akai -akai (ƙwallon kwando, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa), rawa ...). Waɗannan ayyukan matsala ce ga mutanen da ke da kuskuren ƙwanƙwasa gwiwa da waɗanda ba su da shiri sosai a jiki;
• Un ciwon gwiwa biyo bayan faɗuwa a gwiwa ko haɗarin mota.

Iliotibial band friction syndrome

Irin wannan raunin yana bayyana a cikin dogon lokaci sakamakon maimaita aikin lankwasawa kuma D 'kari gwiwa. 'Yan wasan da ke cikin haɗari sune masu tsere na nesa (4% zuwa 7% suna shafar⁷) da masu keke. Haushi da kumburi suna faruwa sakamakon gogewa akai -akai na sassan gwiwa guda biyu, a sashin sa na waje: doguwa band din fibrous wanda yake kan fuskar cinya ta waje (ƙungiyar iliotibial) da ƙima na femur (ƙashin cinya). A wasu lokutan ana kiran wannan yanayin da “ciwon gogewar iska” saboda jin daɗin tsiri da ke goge ƙashi a ƙarƙashin fata galibi ana kwatanta shi da na wiper da ke huɗu a kan gilashin. maimaitawa.

Babban Sanadin:

• Matsalardaidaita gwiwa yana da yawa;
• Rashin sassauci ƙungiyar iliotibial da tsokar da ke haɗe da ita (tensor fascia lata da gluteus maximus) kusan koyaushe suna da hannu;
• Aikace -aikacen ayyukan da ake buƙata maimaita lankwasawa da kari gwiwa, kamar tseren ƙasa, hawan dutse, da hawan keke.

Bursitis na gwiwa

Bursitis shine kumburi ko kaurin bursa, wani nau'in ƙaramin kushin da ke cike da ruwa wanda ke taimakawa rage gogayya tsakanin kasusuwa, jijiyoyi, da tsokoki a cikin gwiwa. Akwai bursas 11 a kowace gwiwa, amma bursitis galibi yana faruwa a gaban gwiwa (prerotular bursitis).

Babban Sanadin:

• Yin aiki akai -akai goyon baya a gwiwoyi shine babban abin da ke haifar da bursitis, saboda yana haifar da kumburin bursa a cikin dogon lokaci. Irin wannan bursitis wani lokaci ana kiranta da “tsabtace gwiwar mata”;
• The da yawa akan gwiwoyi (wasan kwallon raga, kokawa ...) na iya haifar da kumburin bursa kwatsam;
• La Gudun na iya haifar da kumburi na bursen anserine wanda ke gefen gwiwa na ciki, a ƙasa da haɗin gwiwa.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Raunin gwiwa wanda ba a yi masa magani ba na iya lalacewa kullum Pain. Tsarin biyan diyya ta kafar da ba ta da zafi sau da yawa tana shiga, wanda zai iya haifar da wasu matsalolin halittu.

Tsarin jima'i

The cututtukan musculoskeletal na gwiwa sun zama na kowa, duka a cikin 'yan wasa da cikin dukkan ma'aikata. Yaduwar yana da wuyar kimantawa, amma haɗaɗɗen binciken da ke nazarin rawar aiki dangane da matsalolin gwiwa ya nuna cewa kashi 19% na yawan masu aiki (duk ƙwararrun ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa) sun koka game da ciwon gwiwa da ke faruwa a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata.³.