listeriosis

Janar bayanin cutar

Wannan shi ne zoonotic kwayan cuta Pathology, causative wakili ne listeria microorganisms.^[3]... Listeriosis na iya shafar tsarin rigakafi da tsarin juyayi, da kuma gabobin mahimmanci. A matsayinka na mai mulki, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin keɓantaccen barkewar cutar, amma akwai lokuta na yaduwa, amma wannan yana faruwa da wuya.

A cewar WHO, ana yin rajista 2-3 na cutar a kowace shekara a cikin 1000000 mazaunan. Cutar da aka gabatar ta yadu a ko'ina, ba tare da la'akari da yanayi da yanayin tattalin arzikin kasar ba.

Duk nau'ikan dabbobi da tsuntsaye, gami da na gida, suna iya kamuwa da listeriosis. A cikin marasa lafiya na rigakafi, listeriosis na iya zama asymptomatic. Yara, mata masu juna biyu, tsofaffi da masu cutar HIV sun fi kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta.

Listeria suna da juriya ga yanayin muhalli mara kyau, suna jure sanyi da kyau, suna iya haifuwa a cikin ruwa da gawarwakin dabbobi, kuma suna iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin fallasa kai tsaye zuwa hasken rana har zuwa mintuna 15.

Bayan murmurewa, a cikin mutumin da ya sami listeriosis, an samar da takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin jiki, don haka mutane ba su sake yin rashin lafiya tare da wannan cutar ba.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da listeriosis

Listeria na iya shiga jikin mutum ta hanyar raunuka da karce a kan fata, tonsils, mucous membranes na idanu da gastrointestinal tract, ta hanyar numfashi na sama da kuma ta hanyar cibiya zuwa tayin.

Ana shigar da Listeria cikin sel a cikin jikin mutum kuma ya fara girma a can, bi da bi, jiki ya fara samar da phagocytes, wanda Listeria ke shiga cikin lymph kuma ana ɗauka a cikin jiki.

Hanyoyin yada listeria:

• hematogenous... Idan tsarin rigakafi ba zai iya yaki da wakili na kamuwa da cuta ba, listeria yana lalata bangon jijiyoyin jini, ya shiga cikin jini kuma yana haifar da ci gaban sepsis, sakamakon abin da tsarin juyayi da gabobin ciki suka shafi;
• fadin mahaifa… A cikin uwa mai ciki da ke dauke da cutar, Listeria na shiga cikin mahaifa, ta cikinta ne suke shiga hantar jaririn sannan su yada ta cikin jini cikin jikin dan tayin;
• mai amfani da lymphogenous… Kwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa ta hanyar tsarin lymphatic kuma suna shiga cikin nodes na lymph, wanda ya kara girma.

Siffofin listeriosis

1. 1 na cikin gari - yaron ya kamu da cutar daga uwa yayin ci gaban ciki ko watan farko na rayuwa;
2. 2 angio-septik yana faruwa a lokacin da kamuwa da cuta ta baki ko ɗigon iska;
3. 3 juyayi zai iya samuwa tare da kowace hanyar kamuwa da cuta;
4. 4 ido - mafi ƙarancin nau'in da ke faruwa lokacin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar sadarwa;
5. 5 typhoid na al'ada ga yara masu rashin ƙarfi.

Tushen kamuwa da cutar na iya zama mutanen da suka kamu da cutar, da kuma berayen, kuliyoyi, alade, karnuka, kifi da abincin teku, da shanu da qananan shanu, birai.

Mutum na iya kamuwa da cutar listeriosis ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

• lamba - daga mai cutar, ta hanyar yau da kullun bayan dabbar da ta kamu da cutar ta cije ta, ta lalacewa ta fata;
• fassara - zai iya haifar da mutuwar haihuwa, zubar da ciki da jinkirta ci gaba. Yaron na iya kamuwa da cutar daga uwa ta hanyar shayarwa da ɗigon iska;
• aerogenic - lokacin da mai cutar ya yi tari, yana magana ko atishawa, ko kuma lokacin sa tufafin fata ko ƙulli;
• na abinci - lokacin cin kifi mai gishiri, abincin gwangwani, ruwa daga tafki na halitta, kayan kiwo.

Ƙungiyar haɗari don listeriosis sun haɗa da:

1. 1 yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 6;
2. 2 tsofaffi sama da 60;
3. 3 mutanen da ke da raunin rigakafi;
4. 4 marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus da tarin fuka;
5. 5 mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji da cututtuka na autoimmune;
6. 6 mutanen da, bisa ga sana'arsu, sun fada cikin rukunin haɗari: gandun daji, masunta, ungozoma, likitocin dabbobi, masu aikin nono, ma'aikatan yanka, makiyaya.

Alamun listeriosis

Alamomin cutar da aka gabatar sun bambanta dangane da nau'in cutar:

• ciwon maye yana bayyana kansa a matsayin zazzabi mai raɗaɗi, matsanancin ciwon kai, ciwon tsoka, amai, yiwuwar jajayen idanu da fata. Zai iya wucewa daga kwanaki 4 zuwa 21 kuma yana da halayyar kowane nau'i na cutar;
• dyspeptic cuta… Ciwon ciki na iya bayyana ta hanyar gudawa, asarar ci, kaifi ko, akasin haka, ciwon hanta. Irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa har zuwa kwanaki 30 a kowane nau'i na listeriosis;
• kumburin nodes Za a iya girma a cikin kewayon daga 0,5 zuwa 2 cm. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin lymph na iya zama mai raɗaɗi, amma ba tare da abin da ke ciki ba. Wadannan alamun na iya zama alamun kowane nau'i na cutar;
• hepatosplenomegaly... Tare da Lymph, listeria yana shiga hanta da safiya, bayan haka sun fara ninka a can. Sabili da haka, lokacin nazarin majiyyaci, ana samun karuwa a cikin waɗannan gabobin da 1-2 cm;
• angina… Da zarar a cikin tonsils, Listeria ya fara girma, tonsils ya girma kuma ya zama sako-sako. Bayyanar purulent foci a cikin nau'i na ɗigo ko purulent grayish fina-finai yana yiwuwa. Irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka sune halayyar nau'in anginal-septic, kuma ana iya lura da shi tsawon kwanaki 5-15;
• kumburin fatar ido, ana lura da conjunctivitis a cikin nau'in ocular-glandular na listeriosis, bayan shigar da listeria a cikin sclera na ido. Mai haƙuri yana damuwa game da lacrimation, rage yawan gani na gani, photophobia, a wasu lokuta purulent fitarwa daga ido;
• cutar sankarau, ciwon sankarau yana tasowa tare da nau'i mai juyayi na listeriosis. Mai haƙuri yana gunaguni game da ciwon kai maras haƙuri tare da amai, paresthesia, rashin fahimta, ptosis, rashin ƙarfi na magana, anisocoria;
• sepsis Shiga cikin jini, listeria ya bazu ko'ina cikin jiki kuma yana haifar da rashin aiki a cikin aikin mahimman gabobin. Mai haƙuri yana gunaguni game da hauhawar jini, zazzabi, ƙarancin numfashi, tachycardia, raguwar fitowar fitsari, jaundice da rashes na fata. Wadannan alamomin suna da sifofin typhoid.

Matsalolin listeriosis

Tare da ba daidai ba ko rashin lokaci magani na listeriosis, matsaloli masu tsanani suna yiwuwa. Tare da nau'i mai juyayi, hydrocephalus da dementia zasu iya tasowa. Sifar septic na iya haifar da gazawar numfashi ko kamuwa da girgiza mai guba.

Prophylaxis na listeriosis

1. 1 matakan tsafta da annoba sun haɗa da: sarrafa kayan da aka gurbata, lalata gawarwakin dabbobi masu kamuwa da cutar listeriosis, kula da rodents a cikin ɗakunan abinci, nazarin yau da kullum na mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari na sana'a, kadaici na dabbobi marasa lafiya;
2. 2 daidaikun matakan sun haɗa da: magani mai zafi na wajibi na kiwo, nama da kayan kifi, tsabtace hannu, shan ruwa mai tsafta, iyakance hulɗa da dabbobi da tattabarai, kula da cizon dabbobi a hankali;
3. 3 ma'auni na gaba ɗaya: gwajin rigakafi na yau da kullun, rigakafin ciwon sukari mellitus, amfani da abinci da ruwa masu inganci kawai.

Jiyya na listeriosis a cikin magungunan gargajiya

Maganin cutar da aka kwatanta yana buƙatar haɗin kai. Nasarar jiyya ya dogara ne akan ganewar asali na lokaci, nau'in cutar, shekaru da yanayin tsarin rigakafi na mai haƙuri da lokacin farawa na jiyya. Ana kula da marasa lafiyar Listeria ne kawai a saitin asibiti.

Tare da listeriosis, an wajabta maganin rigakafi mai tsawo - daga kwanaki 14 zuwa 20. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar maganin detoxification, saboda abin da aka cire kayan sharar gida na Listeria daga jiki. A gaban edema, an wajabta diuretics.

A wasu lokuta, ana nuna maganin hormone ga marasa lafiya da ke da listeriosis, kuma ga meningitis da encephalitis, dole ne a ba da magungunan da ke inganta wurare dabam dabam na cerebral. Tare da sepsis, ya zama dole don aiwatar da aƙalla zaman 3-5 na plasmaphoresis.

Bugu da kari, ya kamata a kula da cututtuka masu kama da juna kuma a kula da glucose na jini sosai.

Hankali!

Gwamnati ba ta da alhakin kowane yunƙuri na amfani da bayanin da aka bayar, kuma ba ta da tabbacin cewa ba zai cutar da kai da kanka ba. Ba za a iya amfani da kayan don wajabta magani da yin ganewar asali ba. Koyaushe tuntuɓi likitan ku!