Hyperkinesis a cikin manya

Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, an yi imanin cewa hyperkinesis wani nau'i ne na neurosis. Amma bincike a cikin ilimin jijiyoyi ya taimaka wajen sanin cewa wannan yana daya daga cikin bayyanar cututtuka masu tsanani.

Menene hyperkinesis

Hyperkinesis shine ayyukan motsa jiki na tashin hankali da yawa waɗanda ke faruwa ba tare da son majiyyaci ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rawar jiki (ƙarawa), wasu motsi.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da hyperkinesis a cikin manya

Hyperkinesis ba cuta ba ne, amma ciwo (saitin wasu alamomi, bayyanar cututtuka). Alamun lahani ne ga tsarin jijiya saboda:

• rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta;
• kwayoyin cututtuka na kwakwalwa;
• cututtuka masu tsanani daban-daban;
• mai cutar kansa;
• raunin kai;
• illa daga wasu magunguna;
• degenerative canje-canje.

Hyperkinesis saboda abin da ya faru za a iya raba kashi 3 kungiyoyin:

primary - Waɗannan lahani ne na gado na tsarin jijiya: cutar Wilson, chorea Huntington, olivopontocerebellar degeneration.

Secondary - sun taso saboda matsaloli daban-daban, lalacewa ga tsarin juyayi da aka samu a lokacin rayuwa (rauni mai rauni na kwakwalwa, encephalitis, guba na carbon monoxide, sakamakon shan barasa, thyrotoxicosis, rheumatism, ciwace-ciwacen daji, da dai sauransu).

Psychogenic - wadannan su ne hyperkinesias da ke faruwa a sakamakon m psychotraumas, na kullum raunuka - hysterical neuroses, psychoses, tashin hankali cuta. Waɗannan siffofin ba su da yawa, amma ba a cire su ba.

Bayyanar hyperkinesis a cikin manya

Mahimman bayyanar cututtuka na pathology sune ayyukan motsa jiki waɗanda ke faruwa a kan nufin mutumin da kansa. An bayyana su a matsayin sha'awar motsawa ta wannan hanyar da ba a saba gani ba. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙarin alamun bayyanar cututtuka waɗanda ke da alamun cutar da ke ciki. Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka:

• Girgizawa ko girgiza – musanya contractions na flexor-extensor tsokoki, da ciwon duka biyu high da kuma low amplitude. Suna iya kasancewa a sassa daban-daban na jiki, suna ɓacewa yayin motsi ko lokacin hutawa (ko, akasin haka, ƙarfafawa).
• Jijiya tic – kaifi, ƙwanƙwasa tsokar tsoka tare da ƙaramin girman girma. Yawancin lokaci ana yin amfani da Tics a cikin rukunin tsoka ɗaya, ana iya danne su ta hanyar ƙoƙarin son rai. Akwai kyaftawa, kiftawar kusurwar ido, kiftawa, juyowar kai, takurewar kusurwar baki, kafada.
• Myoclonus – contractions a cikin wani hargitsi hanya na mutum zaruruwan tsoka. Saboda su, wasu ƙungiyoyin tsoka na iya yin motsi ba tare da son rai ba.
• Chorea - ƙungiyoyi masu motsi mara ƙarfi waɗanda aka samar tare da babban girma. Tare da su, yana da matukar wahala a motsa ba bisa ka'ida ba, yawanci suna farawa da gabobi.
• ballism - motsin juyawa mai kaifi da rashin son rai a cikin kafada ko kwatangwalo, saboda abin da bangaren ke yin motsin jifa.
• Blepharospasm – wani kaifi mai kaifi na rufe ido ba da gangan ba saboda karuwar sautin tsoka.
• Oromandibular dystonia – rufe muƙamuƙi ba da gangan ba tare da buɗe baki lokacin tauna, dariya ko magana.
• Rubutun spasm - raguwa mai mahimmanci na tsokoki a cikin yanki na uXNUMXbuXNUMXbhannu lokacin rubutawa, sau da yawa tare da rawar jiki.
• Athesis - jinkirin motsin murɗawa a cikin yatsu, ƙafa, hannaye, fuska.
• Torsion dystonia – jinkirin jujjuyawar motsi a cikin yankin gangar jikin.
• Hemispasm na fuska – tsoka spasm fara da karni, wucewa zuwa dukan rabin fuska.

Nau'in hyperkinesis a cikin manya

Hyperkinesias sun bambanta, dangane da wane bangare na tsarin juyayi da kuma hanyar extrapyramidal ya lalace. Bambance-bambancen sun bambanta a cikin ƙimar motsi da fasali na abin da ake kira "motar mota", lokacin faruwa da yanayin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.

Masanan ilimin jijiyoyi sun bambanta ƙungiyoyi da yawa na hyperkinesis, bisa ga ƙayyadaddun tushen tushen su.

Lalacewa a cikin tsarin subcortical - bayyanar su za su kasance a cikin nau'i na chorea, torsion dystonia, athetosis ko ballism. Motsin ɗan adam ana siffanta shi da rashin kowane motsi, sai dai hadaddun, motsin da ba a saba gani ba, raunin ƙwayar tsoka (dyystonia) da kuma bambancin motsi.

Lalacewa ga tushen kwakwalwa - a wannan yanayin, za a yi rawar jiki na al'ada (rawar jiki), bayyanar myorhythmias, tics, spasms fuska, myoclonus. An siffanta su da kari, ƙungiyoyi suna da sauƙi da sauƙi.

Lalacewa ga tsarin cortical da subcortical - suna da kama da farfaɗiya, hyperkinesis gabaɗaya, dyssynergy Hunt, moclonus.

Idan muka yi la'akari da saurin motsin da ke faruwa a cikin jiki ba da gangan ba, za mu iya bambanta:

• sauri siffofin hyperkinesias su ne rawar jiki, tics, ballism, chorea ko myoclonus - yawanci suna rage sautin tsoka;
• jinkirin siffofin sune torsion dystonias, athetosis - sautin tsoka yawanci yana ƙaruwa tare da su.

Dangane da bambance-bambancen abubuwan da suka faru, zamu iya bambanta:

• hyperkinesis ba tare da bata lokaci ba - suna faruwa da kansu, ba tare da tasirin kowane dalilai ba;
• hyperkinesis na haɓakawa - suna tsokanar su ta hanyar aiwatar da wani motsi, ɗaukar wani matsayi;
• reflex hyperkinesis - suna bayyana a matsayin martani ga abubuwan motsa jiki na waje (taɓawa wasu maki, taɗawa a kan tsoka);
• Ƙungiyoyin son rai ne da aka jawo su, mutum zai iya hana su zuwa wani matakin.

Tare da kwarara:

• motsi akai-akai wanda zai iya ɓacewa kawai lokacin barci (wannan shine, alal misali, rawar jiki ko athetosis);
• paroxysmal, wanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci (waɗannan su ne tics, myoclonus).

Jiyya na hyperkinesis a cikin manya

Don kawar da hyperkinesis yadda ya kamata, ya zama dole don ƙayyade dalilan su. Likitan yana lura da motsin da ba na son rai da kansu yayin gwajin kuma ya fayyace tare da majiyyaci. Amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci a wane matakin tsarin jin tsoro ya shafi kuma ko dawowarsa zai yiwu.

kanikancin

Babban shirin bincike ya haɗa da tuntuɓar likitan neurologist. Likita yana kimanta nau'in hyperkinesis, ƙayyade alamun da ke biye, ayyuka na tunani, hankali. Hakanan an zabi:

• EEG - don tantance aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa da kuma bincika abubuwan da ke tattare da cututtuka;
• Electroneuromyography - don ƙayyade pathologies na tsoka;
• MRI ko CT na kwakwalwa - don ƙayyade raunin kwayoyin halitta: hematomas, ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, kumburi;
• kima na jini na kwakwalwa ta amfani da duban dan tayi na tasoshin kai da wuyansa, MRI;
• gwajin jini da fitsari na biochemical;
• shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.

Magungunan zamani

Tare da ma'anar motsin motsin jiki na rawar jiki, da rawar kai da muryoyin murya, clonazepam yana da tasiri.

Don rawar jiki na cerebellar, wanda ke da wuyar magani, yawanci ana amfani da magungunan GABAergic, da kuma nauyin jiki tare da munduwa.

Rigakafin hyperkinesis a cikin manya a gida

"Babu takamaiman matakan hana ci gaban cutar," ya jaddada Likitan neurologist Valentina Kuzmina. – Rigakafin tabarbarewar wata cuta da ake da ita an yi niyya da farko don iyakance damuwa da damuwa na tunanin mutum. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci don kula da salon rayuwa mai kyau - abinci mai kyau, yanayin hutawa da aiki, da dai sauransu.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Me yasa hyperkinesis yana da haɗari, lokacin da kuke buƙatar ganin likita, ko kuna buƙatar shan magunguna da ko zaku iya warkar da kanku, in ji ta. Likitan neurologist Valentina Kuzmina.