Cutar Huntington cuta ce ta gado da kuma cututtukan neurodegenerative. Ta hanyar lalata neurons a wasu wuraren kwakwalwa, yana haifar da matsanancin motsi da na tabin hankali kuma yana iya haifar da asarar cikakken ikon kai da mutuwa. An gano kwayar halittar da canjin ta haifar da cutar a cikin 90s, amma cutar Huntington har yanzu ba ta da magani. Yana shafar mutum ɗaya cikin mutane 10 a Faransa, wanda ke wakiltar kusan marasa lafiya 000.

Har yanzu ana kiranta wani lokacin “Huntington's chorea” saboda mafi yawan alamun cutar shine ƙungiyoyin da ba sa so (wanda ake kira choreic) yana haifar. Koyaya, wasu marasa lafiya basa gabatar da rikice -rikicen choreic kuma alamun cutar suna da fa'ida: ga waɗannan cututtukan psychomotor akai -akai ana ƙara haɗarin hauka da halayyar ɗabi'a. Waɗannan cututtukan tabin hankali waɗanda ke faruwa akai -akai a farkon cutar (kuma wani lokacin suna bayyana kafin rikicewar motar) na iya haifar da hauka da kashe kansa. Alamomin cutar yawanci suna bayyana kusan shekaru 40-50, amma ana lura da farkon cutar da ƙarshen cutar. Lura cewa duk masu jigilar kwayar halittar da aka canzawa wata rana suna shelar cutar.

Likitan Amurka George Huntington ya baiyana cutar Huntington a 1872, amma sai a 1993 aka gano sinadarin da ke da alhakin. An sanya shi a kan gajeriyar hannun chromosome 4 kuma mai suna Bayani na IT15. Ana haifar da cutar ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin wannan kwayar halittar da ke sarrafa samar da furotin na huntingtin. Har yanzu ba a san takamaiman aikin wannan furotin ba, amma mun san cewa maye gurbi yana sanya shi guba: yana haifar da ajiya a tsakiyar kwakwalwa, mafi daidai a cikin ƙwayoyin neurons na cudate nucleus, sannan na cortex na kwakwalwa. Koyaya, yakamata a lura cewa cutar Huntington ba ta da alaƙa da tsarin IT15 kuma ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar canza wasu kwayoyin halittar. (1)

Ana iya kamuwa da cutar Huntington daga tsara zuwa tsara (ana kiranta “autosomal dominant”) kuma haɗarin watsawa ga zuriya ɗaya ne cikin biyu.

Binciken kwayoyin halittar cutar a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari (tare da tarihin dangi) mai yiwuwa ne, amma ƙwararrun likitocin ke kula da su sosai, saboda sakamakon gwajin ba tare da sakamako na hankali ba.

Haka kuma ana iya samun ganewar haihuwa kafin haihuwa, amma doka ta tsara shi sosai, saboda yana kawo tambayoyin ilimin halittu. Duk da haka, mahaifiyar da ke tunanin yankewa cikin ciki son rai idan tayi tayi ɗauke da canjin da aka canza yana da 'yancin neman wannan gwajin ciki.

Har zuwa yau, babu wani magani mai warkarwa kuma kawai alamun bayyanar cututtuka na iya sauƙaƙa wa mara lafiya da rage jinkirin lalacewar jiki da ta hankali: magungunan psychotropic don sauƙaƙe cututtukan tabin hankali da abubuwan ɓacin rai waɗanda galibi suna tafiya tare da cutar. ; magungunan neuroleptic don rage motsi na makoki; farfadowa ta hanyar ilimin motsa jiki da maganin magana.

Ana neman hanyoyin jinya nan gaba zuwa ga dashe na neurons na tayi don daidaita ayyukan motsin kwakwalwa. A cikin 2008, masu bincike daga Cibiyar Pasteur da CNRS sun tabbatar da ikon kwakwalwa don gyara kai ta hanyar gano sabon tushen samar da neuron. Wannan binciken ya tayar da sabbin bege don maganin cutar Huntington da sauran yanayin neurodegenerative, kamar cutar Parkinson. (2)

Hakanan ana ci gaba da gwajin maganin jinni a ƙasashe da yawa kuma suna tafiya ta fuskoki da yawa, ɗayan ɗayan shine don toshe bayyanar jigon farautar huntingtin.