Da farko, Ranar Duniya ta cika da ayyukan zamantakewa: mutane sun yi magana da ƙarfafa 'yancinsu, mata sun yi yaƙi don daidaitawa. Amma sai babu EPA, babu Dokar iska mai tsafta, babu Dokar Ruwa mai Tsafta.
Kusan rabin karni ya wuce, kuma abin da ya fara a matsayin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar al'umma ya zama ranar kulawa da ayyukan duniya da aka sadaukar don kiyaye muhalli.
Miliyoyin mutane ne ke halartar Ranar Duniya a duniya. Jama'a na yin bukin ne ta hanyar gudanar da fareti, da dasa bishiyoyi, da ganawa da wakilan yankin da kuma tsaftace unguwanni.
Early
Yawancin batutuwa masu mahimmanci na muhalli sun ba da gudummawa wajen samar da motsin muhalli na zamani.
Littafin Silent Spring na Rachel Carson, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1962, ya bayyana haɗarin amfani da maganin kashe qwari da ake kira DDT wanda ya gurɓata koguna da lalata ƙwai na tsuntsayen ganima kamar gaggafa.
Lokacin da motsin muhalli na zamani ya kasance a ƙuruciyarsa, gurɓataccen abu yana cikin hangen nesa. Fuka-fukan tsuntsun baƙar fata ne tare da toka. Akwai hayaki a cikin iska. Mun fara tunanin sake yin amfani da su.
Sai kuma a shekara ta 1969, wata babbar malalar mai a gabar tekun Santa Barbara, California. Sannan Sanata Gaylord Nelson na Wisconsin ya sanya Ranar Duniya ta zama hutu ta kasa, kuma sama da mutane miliyan 20 ne suka goyi bayan shirin.
Wannan ya zaburar da wani yunkuri da ya ingiza shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya kirkiro Hukumar Kare Muhalli. A cikin shekaru tun daga Ranar Duniya ta farko, an sami fiye da 48 manyan nasarorin muhalli. An kiyaye dukkan yanayi: daga ruwa mai tsabta zuwa nau'in da ke cikin haɗari.
Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka kuma tana aiki don kare lafiyar mutane. Misali, gubar da asbestos, da zarar sun kasance a cikin gidaje da ofisoshi, an kawar da su da yawa daga samfuran gama-gari.
yau
Filastik na ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan muhalli a yanzu.
Filastik yana ko'ina - manya-manyan tudu kamar Babban Fashin Sharan Ruwa na Pacific, da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki da dabbobi ke ci kuma suna ƙarewa a faranti na abincin dare.
Wasu ƙungiyoyin muhalli suna shirya ƙungiyoyin ciyayi don rage amfani da robobi na yau da kullun kamar bambaro na filastik; Har ila yau Burtaniya ta ba da shawarar kafa dokar hana amfani da su. Wannan wata hanya ce ta rage adadin da ba za a iya sake yin amfani da su ba, wanda shine kashi 91%.
Amma gurbacewar filastik ba ita ce kawai matsalar da ke barazana ga Duniya ba. Matsalolin muhalli mafi muni a yau watakila sakamakon tasirin da mutane suka yi a duniya tsawon shekaru dari biyu da suka gabata.
"Biyu daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi daukar hankali da muke fuskanta a yau sune asarar muhalli da sauyin yanayi, kuma waɗannan batutuwan suna da alaƙa," in ji Jonathan Bailey, babban masanin kimiyya a National Geographic Society.
Sauyin yanayi na barazana ga rabe-raben halittu da tsaron kasa. Ya haifar da abubuwan mamaki kamar lalata Babban Barrier Reef da yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Ba kamar Ranar Duniya ta farko ba, yanzu akwai ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin tsari a duniya don gudanar da manufofin muhalli da tasirin mu. Tambayar ita ce ko za ta ci gaba a nan gaba.
Bailey ya lura cewa magance waɗannan batutuwan muhalli na buƙatar canji na asali. "Na farko, muna bukatar mu kara godiya ga duniyar halitta," in ji shi. Sannan dole ne mu ba da kanmu don kare yankuna mafi mahimmanci. A ƙarshe, ya nuna cewa muna buƙatar ƙirƙira da sauri. Misali, ingantacciyar samar da furotin kayan lambu da kuma noman hanyoyin samar da makamashi za su taimaka wajen rage tasirin abin da ya dauka babbar barazana ga Duniya.
"Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolinmu shine tunaninmu: muna buƙatar mutane su haɗa kai da duniyar halitta, fahimtar yadda take aiki da kuma dogaro da ita," in ji Bailey. "A zahiri, idan muka damu da duniyar dabi'a, za mu darajata kuma mu kare ta kuma mu yanke shawarar da za ta tabbatar da kyakkyawar makoma ga nau'ikan halittu da muhalli."