Contents
Tunas babban rukuni ne na wakilan ichthyofauna, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'o'i da yawa a cikin dangin mackerel. Tunas sun haɗa da nau'ikan kifi kusan 15. Yawancin tunas suna da jiki mai siffa mai ƙarfi kamar duk mackerel, ƙanƙara mai ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙwanƙwasa, wutsiya mai siffar sikila, wutsiya mai siffar sikila, kwalabe na fata a gefe. Siffar jiki da tsarin jiki suna ba da mafarauta masu saurin gaske a duk tuna. Tuna na Yellowfin na iya kaiwa sama da 75 km/h. Tunas ɗaya ne daga cikin ƴan nau'in kifin da za su iya kula da zafin jikinsu sama da zafin yanayi. Kifin pelargic mai aiki, don neman abinci, yana iya tafiya mai nisa. Dukkanin ilimin halittar jiki na tuna yana ƙarƙashin motsi mai sauri. Saboda haka, an tsara tsarin tsarin numfashi da na jini ta yadda kifayen ke tafiya akai-akai. Girman nau'in kifi daban-daban na iya bambanta sosai. Ƙananan mackerel tuna, wanda ke zaune a cikin kusan dukkanin ruwa na teku masu dumi, yana girma kawai fiye da 5 kg. Ƙananan nau'in tuna (misali, Atlantic) suna samun nauyin fiye da 20 kg. A lokaci guda, an rubuta matsakaicin girman tuna na kowa a kusan kilogiram 684 tare da tsawon 4.6 m. Daga cikin kifayen wurare masu zafi, marlin da swordfish ne kawai ake iya samun su sun fi shi girma. Ƙananan nau'in nau'i da ƙananan kifaye suna zaune a cikin manyan garkuna, manyan mutane sun fi son farauta a cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi ko kadai. Babban abincin tuna ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan pelargic invertebrates da mollusks, da kuma ƙananan kifi. Tuna suna da mahimmancin kasuwanci; a yawancin ƙasashe na bakin teku, ana kiwo kifi a matsayin kiwo. Saboda farauta, wasu nau'in tuna suna cikin haɗari. Kamun kifi don tuna yana da hani da dama, tabbatar da duba adadin kamawa da nau'in kifin da aka yarda a yankin da za ku yi kifi.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi
Ana gudanar da kamun kifi na masana'antu ta hanyoyi da yawa, tun daga layukan dogo da kuma sandunan kamun kifi na yau da kullun. Hanyar da aka fi sani da mai son kama babban tuna ita ce trolling. Bugu da kari, suna kama tuna a kan jujjuya "simintin gyare-gyare", "plumb" kuma tare da taimakon baits na halitta. A lokaci guda, ana iya yaudare tuna ta hanyoyi daban-daban, alal misali, tare da taimakon kumfa mai iska. Don haka, jiragen ruwa suna sanye da na'urori na musamman. Tuna ya yi imanin cewa waɗannan gungu ne na soya kuma sun zo kusa da jirgin, inda aka kama shi a kan mashin.
Trolling tuna kamun kifi
Tunas, tare da swordfish da marlin, ana ɗaukar su ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokan adawar da ake so a cikin kamun kifi na gishiri saboda girmansu, ɗabi'a da tsaurin kai. Don kama su, kuna buƙatar mafi girman maganin kamun kifi. Tushen teku hanya ce ta kamun kifi ta amfani da abin hawa mai motsi kamar jirgin ruwa ko jirgin ruwa. Don kamun kifi a sararin samaniyar teku da teku, ana amfani da jiragen ruwa na musamman sanye da na'urori masu yawa. A cikin yanayin tunas, waɗannan, a matsayin mai mulkin, manyan jiragen ruwa na motoci da jiragen ruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda ba kawai girman yiwuwar kofuna ba, har ma da yanayin kamun kifi. Masu riƙe sanda sune manyan abubuwan kayan aiki don tasoshin. Bugu da ƙari, jiragen ruwa suna sanye da kujeru don wasan kifaye, tebur don yin bait, masu sauti masu ƙarfi da ƙari. Hakanan ana amfani da sanduna na musamman, waɗanda aka yi da fiberglass da sauran polymers tare da kayan aiki na musamman. Ana amfani da coils mai yawa, matsakaicin iya aiki. Na'urar trolling reels tana ƙarƙashin babban ra'ayin irin wannan kayan: ƙarfi. Ana auna layin mono-line, mai kauri har zuwa mm 4 ko sama da haka, a cikin kilomita yayin irin wannan kamun kifi. Akwai na'urori masu yawa da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su dangane da yanayin kamun kifi: don zurfafa kayan aiki, don sanya koto a wurin kamun kifi, don haɗa koto, da sauransu, gami da abubuwa da yawa na kayan aiki. Trolling, musamman lokacin farautar kattai na teku, nau'in kamun kifi ne na rukuni. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana amfani da sanduna da yawa. A cikin yanayin cizo, haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar kamawa. Kafin tafiya, yana da kyau a gano ka'idodin kamun kifi a yankin. A mafi yawan lokuta, ƙwararrun jagororin ke yin kamun kifi waɗanda ke da cikakken alhakin taron. Ya kamata a lura cewa neman ganima a teku ko a cikin teku na iya haɗawa da yawancin sa'o'i na jiran cizo, wani lokacin kuma ba a yi nasara ba.
Fishing tuna kamun kifi
Kifi na rayuwa ne a manyan wuraren budaddiyar teku, don haka ana yin kamun kifi daga kwale-kwale na nau'o'i daban-daban. Don kama tuna mai girma dabam dabam, tare da sauran kifayen ruwa, masu kama kifi suna amfani da kayan kadi. Don magance, a cikin kamun kifi don kifin teku, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin trolling, babban abin da ake buƙata shine dogaro. Reels ya kamata ya kasance tare da wadataccen layin kamun kifi ko igiya. Hakanan mahimmanci shine amfani da leash na musamman waɗanda zasu kare kullunku daga karye. Baya ga tsarin birki mara matsala, dole ne a kiyaye nada daga ruwan gishiri. Juya kamun kifi daga jirgin ruwa na iya bambanta a ƙa'idodin samar da koto. A cikin nau'ikan kayan kamun kifi da yawa, ana buƙatar wayoyi da sauri sosai, wanda ke nufin babban rabon kayan aikin injin iska. Bisa ga ka'idar aiki, coils na iya zama duka biyu masu yawa kuma marasa aiki. Sabili da haka, an zaɓi sandunan dangane da tsarin reel. A cikin yanayin ɗakin kwana, ana amfani da rigs sau da yawa don kifi don "kifi mai tashi" ko squid. Yana da kyau a ambata a nan cewa lokacin kamun kifi a kan jujjuyawar kifin teku, dabarun kamun kifi na da matukar muhimmanci. Don zaɓar madaidaicin wayoyi, ya kamata ka tuntuɓi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru ko jagorori.
Batsa
Don kamun kifi na tuna, ana amfani da lallausan teku na gargajiya, daidai da nau'in kamun kifi. Trolling, mafi sau da yawa, ana kama shi akan nau'ikan spinners, wobblers da kwaikwayo na silicone. Hakanan ana amfani da batsa na halitta; don wannan, ƙwararrun jagororin suna yin kullun ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Lokacin kamun kifi don yin kadi, ana amfani da magudanan ruwa iri-iri, masu kaɗa da sauran kwaikwayo na wucin gadi na rayuwar ruwa. Lokacin kama ƙaramin tuna don manufar bating ko nishaɗi yayin tafiye-tafiyen jirgin ruwa, tare da kayan juzu'i, ana iya amfani da kayan aiki masu sauƙi don kama fillet ko guntun jatan lande.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi da ruwayen tekuna. Bugu da ƙari, kifaye suna rayuwa a cikin Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya, amma a ƙarshen, kama tuna yana da wuya. Ziyarar tuna lokaci-lokaci zuwa Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Barents an san su. A lokacin zafi mai zafi, tuna na iya isa ga ruwan da ke kewaye da tsibirin Kola. A Gabas mai Nisa, mazaunin ya iyakance ne kawai ga tekun da ke wanke tsibiran Japan, amma kuma suna kama tuna a cikin ruwan Rasha. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tuna yana rayuwa a saman saman ruwa na tekuna da tekuna, suna tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci.
Ciyarwa
Kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran, kifin da ya yaɗu, haifuwa a cikin tuna ya dogara da yanayi da yawa. A kowane hali, haifuwa a cikin kowane nau'in yanayi ne na yanayi kuma ya dogara da nau'in. Shekarun balaga yana farawa a cikin shekaru 2-3. Yawancin nau'ikan suna haifuwa a cikin ruwan dumi na wurare masu zafi da na ƙasa. Don yin wannan, suna yin doguwar ƙaura. Siffar haifuwa tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da hanyar rayuwa ta pelargic. Mata, dangane da girmansu, suna da yawan haihuwa.