Yatsun hannu (daga digitu na Latin) sune ƙarshen ƙarshen haɗin gwiwar da ke cikin fadada hannayen.

Matsayi. Yatsunsu suna cikin layi tare da hannayensu, a saman da ƙarshen dabino. Akwai yatsu biyar (1):

• Yatsa na 1, wanda ake kira babban yatsa ko pollux, shine kawai yatsan da ke kan mafi gefen hannun. Matsayinsa yana ba shi babban motsi da inganci a riko.
• Fingeran yatsa na biyu, wanda ake kira yatsan yatsa, yana tsakanin babban yatsa da tsakiyar yatsa.
• Fingeran yatsa na uku, wanda ake kira yatsan tsakiya ko na tsakiya, yana tsakanin yatsun yatsu da yatsu. Ya ƙunshi ginshiƙan tunani don ƙungiyoyi na gefe.
• Yatsa na 4, wanda ake kira yatsan zobe, yana tsakanin yatsan tsakiya da ɗan yatsa.
• Yatsa na 5, wanda ake kira ɗan yatsa na hannun ko ɗan yatsa, yana cikin fadada gefen hannun.

Kwarangwal na yatsa. Kwarangwal ɗin yatsan ya ƙunshi phalanges. Ban da babban yatsan hannu wanda ke da fallasa guda biyu kawai, kowane yatsa yana da falo uku (1), wanda aka rarrabe tsakanin su:

• Hanyoyin da ke kusa suna yin magana tare da metacarpals, kasusuwa na dabino, kuma sun zama haɗin gwiwar metacarpophalangeal.
• Tsakanin phalanges suna yin magana tare da kusanci da na nesa don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa na interphalangeal.
• Hanyoyin nesa sun yi daidai da dubun yatsun hannu.

Tsarin yatsunsu. A kusa da kwarangwal, an yi yatsu (2) (3):

• ligaments na jingina, tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar metacarpophalangeal da interphalangeal;
• faranti na palmar, waɗanda ke kan saman alamun haɗin gwiwa;
• lankwasawa da yatsun yatsun hannu, sun samo asali ne daga sassan tsokoki na hannu daban -daban;
• fata;
• farce na farfaɗo a ƙarshen kowane yatsa.

Ciki da jijiyoyin jini. Yatsunsu suna mamaye jijiyoyin dijital, rassan da suka samo asali daga jijiyoyin tsakiya, haka kuma ta jijiyoyin ulnar (2). Ana kawo su ta hanyoyin arteries da veins (3).

Matsayin bayanai. Yatsun suna da hankali sosai, suna ba da damar tattara bayanai na waje da yawa ta hanyar taɓawa da taɓawa (3).

Matsayin zartarwa. Yatsunsu suna ba da damar kamawa, wanda yayi daidai da duk ayyukan da ke ba da damar riko (3).

Sauran rawar yatsun hannu. Yatsunsu kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin magana, abinci mai gina jiki, ko ma kayan kwalliya (3).

Ganin tsarinsu mai rikitarwa da amfaninsu na dindindin, yatsun hannu na iya shafar yawancin cututtukan cututtukan da sabubban su suka bambanta.

Pathology na kasusuwa.

• Karyewar phalanges. Filanges na iya yin tasiri da fashewa. Dole ne a rarrabe karashen kasusuwa daga raunin haɗin gwiwa da ke tattare da haɗin gwiwa kuma yana buƙatar cikakken kimanta raunin. Kashin da yatsun yatsunsu na haifar da taurin da ke shafar motsi na yatsun hannu (4).
• Osteoporosis: Wannan yanayin na iya shafar fulanges kuma shine asarar ƙarancin kashi wanda galibi ana samun sa a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 60. Yana kara nusar da kasusuwa kuma yana inganta takardar kudi (5).

Pathology na jijiya. Dabbobi daban -daban na juyayi na iya shafar yatsun hannu. Misali, ramin ramin carpal yana nufin rikice -rikicen da ke tattare da matsawar jijiyar mediya a matakin ramin carpal, mafi daidai a matakin wuyan hannu. Yana bayyana kamar yatsu cikin yatsun hannu da rasa ƙarfin tsoka, musamman a cikin dabino (6).

Cututtuka na muscular da tendon. Yatsunsu na iya shafar cututtukan musculoskeletal, waɗanda aka sani azaman cututtukan sana'a kuma suna tasowa yayin wuce gona da iri, maimaitawa ko muguwar roƙon hannu.

Hadin gwiwa pathologies. Yatsunsu na iya zama wurin zama na cututtukan haɗin gwiwa, musamman amosanin gabbai da ke haɗa ciwon da ke tattare da haɗin gwiwa, jijiyoyi, jijiyoyi ko ƙasusuwa. Osteoarthritis shine mafi yawan nau'in amosanin gabbai kuma yana halin lalacewa da tsagewar guringuntsi da ke kare kasusuwa a cikin gidajen abinci. Hakanan kumburin dabino na iya shafar gabobin dabino a yanayin cutar amosanin gabbai (7). Waɗannan sharuɗɗan na iya haifar da nakasa yatsun hannu.

Rigakafin girgizawa da zafi a tafin hannu. Don iyakance karaya da cututtukan musculoskeletal, rigakafi ta hanyar sanya kariya ko koyan ishara mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci.

Magungunan Symptomatic. Don rage rashin jin daɗi, musamman a yanayin raunin ramin carpal, batun na iya sa takalmi a cikin dare.

Maganin kashin baya. Dangane da nau'in karaya, ana iya sanya filasta ko resin don yatsu yatsu.

Drug jiyya. Dangane da ilimin cututtukan da aka gano, wasu magunguna na iya ba da izini don daidaitawa ko ƙarfafa ƙwayar kashi, ko ba da izinin rarrabuwar jijiya.

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya yin aikin tiyata, musamman a wasu lokuta na karaya.

Nazarin jiki. Na farko, ana yin gwajin asibiti don lura da tantance alamun azanci da alamun motsin da mai haƙuri ya gane a yatsun hannu.

Gwajin hoton likita. Sau da yawa ana yin gwajin asibiti ta hanyar x-ray. A wasu lokuta, likitoci za su yi amfani da MRI, ko CT scan, don tantancewa da gano raunuka. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Scintigraphy ko ma densitometry kashi don tantance cututtukan cututtukan kashi.

Binciken electrophysiological. Electromyogram yana ba da damar yin nazarin aikin lantarki na jijiyoyi da kuma gano raunin da zai iya faruwa.

Alamar yatsun hannu. Akwai alamomi da yawa a kusa da yatsun hannu. Misali, yatsa na huɗu yana da suna "yatsan zobe" don amfani da wannan yatsan don sanya zoben aure a wasu addinai.