Exobasidium lingonberry (Exobasidium vaccinii) hoto da bayanin

Cowberry Exobasidium (Exobasidium vaccinii)

Yaɗa:

Exobasidium lingonberry (Exobasidium vaccinii) ana samunsa sau da yawa a kusan dukkanin dazuzzukan taiga har zuwa iyakar arewacin dajin a cikin Arctic. A farkon ko tsakiyar lokacin rani, ganye, da kuma wani lokacin samari na lingonberries, suna lalacewa: wuraren da suka kamu da cutar na ganye suna girma, saman yankin da ke gefen saman ganyen ya zama mai laushi kuma ya zama ja. A gefen ganyen, wuraren da abin ya shafa sune madaidaicin, dusar ƙanƙara-fari. Yankin da ya lalace ya zama mai kauri (sau 3-10 idan aka kwatanta da ganyen al'ada). Wasu lokuta masu tushe suna lalacewa: suna kauri, lanƙwasa kuma sun zama fari. Wani lokaci, furanni kuma suna shafar. A karkashin na'urar microscope, yana da sauƙi don kafa manyan canje-canje a cikin tsarin ƙwayar ganye. Kwayoyin sun fi girma fiye da girman al'ada (hypertrophy), sun fi na al'ada girma. Chlorophyll ba ya nan a cikin sel na wuraren da abin ya shafa, amma launin ja, anthocyanin, ya bayyana a cikin ruwan tantanin halitta. Yana ba ganyen da abin ya shafa launin ja.

Ana iya ganin hyphae na naman gwari tsakanin sel na lingonberry, akwai ƙarin su kusa da ƙananan saman ganye. Mafi kauri hyphae girma tsakanin epidermal Kwayoyin; a kansu, a ƙarƙashin cuticle, ƙananan badia suna tasowa. An yayyage cuticle, a zubar da guntu, kuma a kan kowane balagaggen basidium 2-6 basidiospores mai siffa mai siffa. Daga gare su, mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi kamar sanyi, wanda aka sani a gefen ganyen da ya shafa, ya bayyana. Basidiospores, faɗowa cikin digo na ruwa, nan da nan ya zama sel 3-5. Daga bangarorin biyu, spores suna girma tare da hypha na bakin ciki, daga ƙarshen abin da aka ɗaure ƙananan conidia. Suna iya, bi da bi, su samar da blastospores. In ba haka ba, waɗannan basidiospores suna tsiro waɗanda suka faɗo a kan ganyayen lingonberry. Ƙwararrun da ke tasowa a lokacin germination suna shiga ta cikin stomata na ganye a cikin shuka, kuma mycelium yana samuwa a can. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, aibobi masu launin rawaya suna bayyana akan ganye, kuma bayan mako guda, cutar lingonberry tana da hoto na yau da kullun. An kafa Basidium, ana fitar da sabbin spores.

Cikakken sake zagayowar ci gaban Exobasidium lingonberry (Exobasidium vaccinii) yana buƙatar ƙasa da makonni biyu. Exobasidium lingonberry (Exobasidium vaccinii) abu ne da ke haifar da cece-kuce ga al'ummomi da yawa na masanan mycologists. Wasu masana kimiyya suna ganin fungi na exobasidial a matsayin rukuni na farko, wanda ke tabbatar da hasashe na asalin hymenomicetes daga fungi mai ban sha'awa; don haka, waɗannan fungi suna wakilta a cikin tsarin su a cikin tsari mai zaman kansa gaba da duk sauran hymenomicetes. Wasu, kamar marubucin waɗannan layin, suna la'akari da fungi na exobasidial a matsayin rukuni na musamman na fungi, a matsayin reshe na gefe na ci gaban saprotrophic primitive hymenomycetes.

description:

Jikin 'ya'yan itace na Exobasidium lingonberry (Exobasidium vaccinii) ba ya nan. Na farko, kwanaki 5-7 bayan kamuwa da cuta, launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a saman ganye, wanda ya juya ja bayan mako guda. Tabo ya mamaye wani ɓangare na ganyen ko kusan duka ganyen, daga sama an matse shi a cikin ganyayyaki mara kyau tare da zurfin 0,2-0,3 cm da girman 0,5-0,8 cm, ja mai ja (crimson ja). anthocyanin). A kasan ganyen akwai ƙumburi mai kauri, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai kama da girma 0,4-0,5 cm a girman, tare da ƙasa marar daidaituwa kuma tare da farin launi (basidiospores).

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Kamanta:

Tare da wasu nau'ikan na musamman na Exobasidium: akan blueberries (Exobasidium myrtilli), cranberries, bearberries da sauran heathers.

Kimantawa: