Scutellinia (Scutellinia) hoto da bayanin

Scutellinia (Scutellinia)

• Ciliaria Menene.
• Humariella J. Schröt.
• Melastiziella Svrcek
• Stereolachnea Hohn.
• Trichaleurina Rehm
• Trichaleuris Clem.
• Ciliaria Menene. ex Boud.

Scutellinia wani nau'in fungi ne a cikin dangin Pyronemataceae, bisa ga Pezizales. Akwai nau'ikan dozin da yawa a cikin jinsin, fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan 60 an kwatanta su dalla-dalla, gabaɗaya, bisa ga majiyoyi daban-daban, ana sa ran kusan 200.

Jean Baptiste Émile Lambotte ya ƙirƙira taxon Scutellinia a cikin 1887, wanda ya ɗaukaka subgenus Peziza subgen., Wanda ya wanzu tun 1879, zuwa matsayi na jinsi.

Namomin kaza tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itace a cikin nau'i na ƙananan kofuna ko saucers, na iya zama concave ko lebur, an rufe shi da gashin gashi mai kyau a gefe. Suna girma a kan ƙasa, duwatsu masu laushi, itace da sauran nau'in halitta. Ƙwararren 'ya'yan itace na ciki (tare da hymenophore) na iya zama fari, orange ko inuwa daban-daban na ja, na waje, bakararre - launi ɗaya ko launin ruwan kasa, an rufe shi da bristle na bakin ciki. Saita launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki, mai wuya, mai nuni.

Jikin mai 'ya'yan itace yana da ƙarfi, yawanci ba tare da tushe ba (tare da "sashe tushen").

Spores su ne hyaline, mai siffar zobe, ellipsoid ko siffa mai siffa tare da ɗigon ruwa masu yawa. An yi ado da saman spores da kyau, an rufe shi da warts ko spines masu girma dabam.

Jinsunan suna da kama da juna a cikin ilimin halittar jiki, takamaiman nau'in ganewar nau'in yana yiwuwa ne kawai a kan cikakkun bayanai na microscopic na tsarin.

Ba a tattauna abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Scutellinia da gaske ba, kodayake akwai nassoshi a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ake zargi da cin abinci na wasu nau'in "manyan" nau'in: namomin kaza suna da ƙananan da za a yi la'akari da su daga ra'ayi na gastronomic. Duk da haka, ba a ambaci gubarsu a ko'ina ba.

Nau'in itacen inabi - Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte

• Scutellinia saucer
• Scutellinia thyroid
• Peziza scutellata L., 1753
• Helvella ciliata Scop., 1772
• Elvela ciliata Scop., 1772
• Peziza ciliata (Scop.) Hoffm., 1790
• Peziza scutellata Schumach., 1803
• Peziza aurantiaca Vent., 1812
• Humaria scutellata (L.) Fuckel, 1870
• Lachnea scutellata (L.) Sacc., 1879
• Humariella scutellata (L.) J. Schröt., 1893
• Patella scutellata (L.) Morgan, 1902

Irin wannan nau'in Scutellinia yana daya daga cikin mafi girma, ana la'akari da shi mafi yawan kuma mafi yawan bincike. A gaskiya ma, yana yiwuwa wasu daga cikin Scutellinia da aka sani da Scutellinia saucer su ne wakilan wasu nau'in, tun lokacin da aka gudanar da ganewar asali akan macro-features.

Jikin 'ya'yan itace S. scutellata diski ne mara zurfi, yawanci 0,2 zuwa 1 cm (mafi girman 1,5 cm) a diamita. Ƙananan samfurori kusan kusan cikakke ne, sa'an nan kuma, a lokacin girma, kofuna na buɗewa da fadadawa, a lokacin girma sun juya zuwa "saucer", faifai.

Wurin ciki na kofin (babban spore surface da aka sani da hymenium) yana da santsi, ja zuwa orange mai haske ko ja mai haske mai ja zuwa launin ruwan ja, yayin da na waje (bakararre) yana da launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, ko kodadde orange.

An rufe saman waje da gashin gashi mai wuyar gaske, mafi tsayin gashi suna girma tare da gefen 'ya'yan itace, inda tsayin su ya kai mm 1,5. A gindin, waɗannan gashin suna da kauri har zuwa 40 µm kuma suna daɗaɗɗen gaɓoɓin ɓangarorin. Gashin gashi suna samar da halayen " gashin ido" a gefen calyx. Wadannan cilia ana iya ganin su ko da a ido tsirara ko kuma a bayyane suke ta gilashin ƙara girma.

kafa: ba ya nan, S. scutellata - "zaune" tanƙwara.

ɓangaren litattafan almara: fari a cikin matasa namomin kaza, sa'an nan kuma ja ko ja, bakin ciki da sako-sako, taushi, ruwa.

Kamshi da dandano: ba tare da fasali ba. Wasu kafofin wallafe-wallafen sun nuna cewa ɓangaren litattafan almara yana wari kamar violet idan an cukuɗe shi.

Mayanta

Spores (mafi kyawun gani a cikin lactophenol da blue auduga) sune elliptical 17-23 x 10,5-14 µm, santsi, yayin da ba su girma ba, kuma suna kasancewa na dogon lokaci, amma lokacin da balagagge, suna da kyau tare da warts da haƙarƙarin kai zuwa tsawo game da 1 µm; tare da digon mai.

Paraphyses tare da kumbura tukwici 6-10 microns girman.

Gashin gefe (" gashin ido") 360-1600 x 20-50 microns, launin ruwan kasa a KOH, mai kauri mai kauri, mai nau'i-nau'i, tare da sansanoni masu rassa.

Ana samunsa a dukkan nahiyoyi ban da Antarctica da Afirka, da kuma a tsibirin da yawa. A cikin Turai, iyakar arewa na kewayon ya kara zuwa arewacin bakin tekun Iceland da latitudes 69 na Scandinavian Peninsula.

Yana girma a cikin dazuzzuka iri-iri, a cikin kututturewa da kuma wurare masu haske, ya fi son itace mai lalacewa, amma yana iya bayyana akan kowane tarkace shuka ko a ƙasa mai ɗanɗano kusa da ruɓaɓɓen kututture.

Lokacin 'ya'yan itace na S.scutellata yana daga bazara zuwa kaka. A Turai - daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, a Arewacin Amurka - a cikin hunturu da bazara.

Duk wakilan jinsin Scutellinia (Scutellinia) suna kama da juna sosai.

Idan aka yi nazari mai zurfi, mutum zai iya bambanta Scutellinia setosa: karami ne, launin ruwan rawaya ne, jikin 'ya'yan itace ya fi girma a kan wani yanki mai katako a cikin manyan kungiyoyi masu cunkoso.

Jikin 'ya'yan itace mai siffa mai siffa, siffa mai siffa ko faifai tare da shekaru, ƙanana: 1 - 3, har zuwa 5 mm a diamita, rawaya-orange, orange, ja-orange, tare da kauri baki "gashi" (setae) tare da bakin kofin.

Yana girma cikin manyan gungu akan itace mai ɗanɗano, ruɓewa.

Spores: Smooth, ellipsoid, 11-13 by 20-22 µm, dauke da ɗigon mai da yawa. Asci (kwayoyin da ke ɗauke da spore) suna da siffar sililin kusan cylindrical, suna auna 300-325 µm ta 12-15 µm.

Asalin bayaninsa a Turai, ana kuma samun shi a Arewacin Amurka da Tsakiyar Amurka inda yake tsiro a kan ruɓar itacen bishiyu. Majiyoyin Arewacin Amurka sukan ba da sunansa a matsayin "Scutellinia erinaceus, wanda kuma aka sani da Scutellinia setosa".

Fruiting: bazara da kaka, daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba ko Nuwamba a cikin yanayi mai dumi.

Kwano na inuwa. Wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in Turai ne na kowa, yana samar da gungu na fayafai na lemu har zuwa 1,5 cm a diamita a lokacin rani da kaka akan ƙasa ko itace mai ruɓe. Ya yi kama da masu haɗawa kamar Scutellinia olivascens kuma ana iya gano su ta hanyar ƙananan siffofi.

A matsakaici, S.umbrorum yana da jiki mai girma fiye da S.scutellata da kuma mafi girma spores, tare da guntu da ƙananan gashin gashi.

Scutellinia olivascens. Wannan naman gwari na Turai yana samar da gungu na fayafai na lemu har zuwa diamita 1,5 cm akan ƙasa ko itace mai ruɓe a lokacin rani da kaka. Yana da kama da nau'in nau'in Scutellinia umbrorum na kowa kuma ana iya gano shi ta hanyar ƙananan siffofi.

Mordecai Cooke ya bayyana wannan nau'in a cikin 1876 a matsayin Peziza olivascens, amma Otto Kuntze ya canza shi zuwa jinsin Scutellinia a 1891.

Scutellinia subhirtella. A shekara ta 1971, Masanin ilimin kimiyya na Czech Mirko Svrček ya ware shi daga samfuran da aka tattara a tsohuwar Czechoslovakia. Jikin 'ya'yan itacen naman gwari suna rawaya-ja zuwa ja, ƙanana, 2-5 mm a diamita. Spores sune hyaline (translucent), ellipsoid, 18-22 ta 12-14 µm a girman.

Hoto: Alexander, mushroomexpert.com.