Mun san cikakkiyar farar fata amma mun manta cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, koda kuwa tana da wuya, tana iya zama cikakke.

Wasu mutane suna da ikon adana a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar su babban adadi na hotuna, sauti, abubuwa a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta dalla -dalla. Zai ba wa mutum ikon kulawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kusan cikakkiyar ƙwaƙwalwar hoton da aka gabatar na kusan daƙiƙa 30 kamar ana ganin hoton har yanzu.

Kamar yadda yake tare da kowane ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa kamar:

• tsawon lokaci da kuma yawan fallasawa ga mai kara kuzari;
• lura da hankali;
• dacewar mutum;
• da dai sauransu.

Muna magana game da cikakken ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙwaƙwalwar hoto ko ma eidetic memory, daga Girkanci “eido”, wanda ke nufin “gani”, eidos, form. Hotunan Eidetic ba su cika cikakke ba, saboda yana da saurin ɓarna da ƙari, kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ga Alan Searleman, farfesa kan ilimin halayyar dan adam (Jami'ar St Lawrence, New-Yort St), ba sabon abu bane ga mutanen da ke da tunanin eidetic don canzawa ko ƙirƙira cikakkun bayanai na gani. Wannan yana nuna cewa lallai hotunan eidetic ba hoto bane a yanayi, amma an sake gina su daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma ana iya yin tasiri kamar sauran abubuwan tunawa (na gani da na gani) ta hanyar son zuciya.

Kasancewar ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic yana da rigima. Idan ya wanzu, wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ce ko aka haife ta? Adrian de Groot (1914-2006), farfesa a fannin ilimin halin ɗan adam na Dutch kuma babban ɗan wasan chess, ya karyata tatsuniya ta hanyar gudanar da gwaji kan ƙarfin manyan zakarun chess don haddace rikitattun matsayi na yanki akan saiti. Zakarun sun sami damar tuna adadin bayanai masu ban mamaki fiye da na 'yan koyo. Ta haka ne wannan ƙwarewar ta zo ga goyan bayan ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic. Amma bayan nuna wa zakarun abubuwan shimfida ɓangarorin da ba za su yiwu ba a cikin wasannin na ainihi, daidaiton tunaninsu ya yi kama da na 'yan koyo. Wannan yana nufin cewa zakarun sun haɓaka ikon haddacewa don hango abubuwan da suka dace na wasan maimakon kasancewa masu riƙe da cikakkiyar ikon eidetic.

Tsawon shekaru goma, mai bincike Ralph Norman Haber yayi nazarin ƙwaƙwalwar yara masu shekaru 7 zuwa 11. Ƙwaƙwalwar Eidetic ta kasance a cikin ƙaramin adadin yara. Abin mamaki, yara masu tunanin eidetic sun yi magana game da hoton a halin yanzu, kamar koyaushe yana gabansu, an buga su a cikin kwakwalwarsu. A cewar Farfesa Andy Hudmon (Ma'aikatar Neurobiology, Stanford), wannan babban ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin yara fiye da manya yana ba da shawarar cewa canjin ci gaba yana faruwa a wani lokaci, wataƙila a lokacin samun wasu ƙwarewa, wanda zai rushe yiwuwar na ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic.

Yawancin masana kimiyya suna danganta aikin ƙwaƙwalwa na ban mamaki ga haɓaka ikon haɗawa ko tsara bayanai don haddacewa, maimakon ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic na gaske.

Misali, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan wasan chess suna da ƙwaƙƙwaran ikon tunawa da matsayin yanki a kowane lokaci yayin wasa. Ikon kiyaye madaidaicin hoto na kwakwalwa na chessboard yana ba wa waɗannan 'yan wasan damar buga allon chess da yawa lokaci guda, koda kuwa an rufe musu idanu. Don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa masu binciken sun lura cewa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan chess suna da babban ikon tunawa da tsarin dara fiye da batutuwan gwaji waɗanda ba sa wasa chess. Koyaya, yayin da masu bincike suka ƙalubalanci ƙwararrun 'yan wasan chess tare da samfuran jirgi da ba a haifar da su ba, ƙwararrun' yan wasan ba su fi ƙwararrun 'yan wasan chess ba wajen tuna samfuran chess. Don haka, ta hanyar canza ƙa'idodin wasan, masu binciken sun bayyana cewa iyawa ta musamman na waɗannan 'yan wasan don haddace bayanan gani musamman ga chess (wataƙila ainihin dalilin da ya sa waɗannan mutanen suke da ƙwarewa a dara) ba daidai yake da ƙwaƙwalwar hoto ba. Mutanen da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic na gaskiya yakamata a zahiri su iya haɗawa da tunawa cikin cikakkun bayanai har ma da abubuwan gani na bazuwar.

Duk da yake tabbas mai rikitarwa ne, wasu masu binciken kuma sun yi imanin cewa hoton eidetic yana faruwa akai -akai a cikin wasu al'ummomin masu raunin hankali (musamman, a cikin mutanen da jinkirin su ke iya yiwuwa saboda ilmin halitta maimakon abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli) da kuma tsakanin yawan geriatric.

Kim Peek, Ba'amurke ne da Asperger's Syndrome (cuta mai ɓarkewar ƙwayoyin cuta ta asalin halitta), wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa halin Raymond Babbitt, gwarzon fim ɗin Rain mutum kuma Dustin Hauffman ya buga, yana da ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic kuma ya haddace littattafai sama da 10. Ya ɗauki sakan goma don karanta shafi. Encyclopedia mai rai na gaskiya, ikonsa na haddace bayanai masu ɗimbin yawa ya kuma ba shi damar zama ainihin GPS na ɗan adam, ba tare da la’akari da birnin da ke duniyar da yake ciki ba.

Wani gwarzon tunawa, Stephe Wiltshire, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "mutumin kyamara". Autistic tare da ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic, an san shi da ikon iya zana shimfidar wuri mai zurfi bayan ya gan shi cikin walƙiya. Yi hankali, ƙwaƙwalwar eidetic wani nau'in ƙwaƙwalwa ne na musamman. Bai kamata a rikita shi da hypermnesia ko ɗaukakar ƙwaƙwalwa ba. Na ƙarshen shine ilimin halin ɗabi'a wanda ke nuna cikakken ƙwaƙwalwar tarihin rayuwar mutum da kuma yawan lokacin da aka keɓe don tunawa da abin da ya gabata.