Ko da a cikin abokan aikinsu da ba a saba gani ba - ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana kimiyya na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) Media Lab, wacce ke kusa da Boston (Amurka), inda giant sharks ke rataye a saman rufin, tebur galibi ana yin ado da kawunan robot. , kuma sirara, masana kimiyya masu gajeren gashi a cikin rigar Hawaiian suna sha'awar tattaunawa game da dabaru masu ban mamaki da aka zana a cikin allo akan allo - Saleb Harper yana da alama mutum ne mai ban mamaki. Yayin da abokan aikinsa a binciken kimiyya suka kirkiro : Hankali na wucin gadi, masu sana'a masu wayo, injinan nadawa na zamani da na'urorin likitanci waɗanda ke nuna tsarin juyayi na ɗan adam a cikin 3D, Harper yana aiki. – Ya girma kabeji. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, ya canza ƙaramar falo na bene na biyar na Cibiyar (a bayan ƙofofin lab ɗinsa) zuwa babban lambun fasaha wanda yayi kama da an kawo shi rayuwa daga fim ɗin sci-fi. Yawancin nau'ikan broccoli, tumatir da Basil suna girma a nan, da alama a cikin iska, suna wanka da hasken shuɗi da ja neon LED; kuma fararen tushensu yana sa su zama kamar jellyfish. Tsiren da aka nannade da bangon gilashin mai tsayin mita 7 da tsayin mita 2.5, ta yadda kamar an nade da ginin ofis. Ba shi da wuya a yi tsammani cewa idan kun ba da kyauta ga Harper da abokan aikinsa, nan gaba kadan za su iya juya dukan birni zuwa irin wannan lambun mai rai da ci.
"Na yi imani muna da ikon canza duniya da tsarin abinci na duniya," in ji Harper, wani dogo, mai girma ɗan shekara 34, sanye da riga mai shuɗi da takalman kaboyi. “Irin aikin noman birane yana da yawa. Kuma waɗannan ba kalmomi ba ne. "Noman Birane" a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya wuce matakin "kallo, da gaske yana yiwuwa" lokaci (a lokacin da aka yi gwaje-gwaje don noman latas da kayan lambu a kan rufin birni da kuma cikin wuraren da babu kowa a cikin birni) kuma ya zama ainihin ra'ayi na sababbin abubuwa, wanda masu tunani suka kaddamar. suna tsaye da kafafunsu, kamar Harper. Shi ne ya kafa aikin CityFARM shekara guda da ta wuce, kuma Harper yanzu yana binciken yadda fasahar fasaha za ta taimaka wajen inganta kayan lambu. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da tsarin firikwensin da ke lura da buƙatun shuke-shuke don ruwa da takin mai magani, da kuma ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da hasken mafi kyawun raƙuman raƙuman ruwa: diodes, don amsa buƙatun shuka, aika haske wanda ba wai kawai yana ba da rai ba. tsire-tsire, amma kuma yana ƙayyade dandano. Harper ya yi mafarki cewa irin wannan shuka a nan gaba za su kasance a kan rufin gine-gine - a cikin birane na ainihi inda mutane da yawa ke zaune da aiki.
Sabbin sabbin abubuwa da Harper ke ba da shawarar gabatarwa na iya rage tsadar aikin gona da rage tasirin muhalli. Ya ce ta hanyar aunawa da sarrafa haske, shayarwa da takin zamani bisa ga tsarinsa, za a iya rage yawan ruwa da kashi 98%, da hanzarta ci gaban kayan lambu da sau 4, gaba daya kawar da amfani da takin mai magani da magungunan kashe kwari, da ninka abinci mai gina jiki. darajar kayan lambu da inganta dandano.
Samar da abinci babbar matsalar muhalli ce. Kafin zama kan teburinmu, yawanci yana yin tafiya na dubban kilomita. Kevin Frediyani, shugaban noman kwayoyin halitta a Kwalejin Bicton, makarantar aikin gona a Devon, UK, ya kiyasta cewa Burtaniya na shigo da kashi 90% na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari daga kasashe 24 (wanda kashi 23% daga Ingila suke zuwa). Ya bayyana cewa isar da kan kabejin da ake nomawa a Spain da kuma isar da shi ta hanyar mota zuwa Burtaniya zai haifar da fitar da hayaki mai illa kilogiram 1.5. Idan kun girma wannan shugaban a cikin Birtaniya, a cikin greenhouse, adadi zai zama mafi girma: game da 1.8 kg na watsi. Frediyani ya ce: “Ba mu da isasshen haske, kuma gilashin ba ya ɗaukar zafi sosai. Amma idan kun yi amfani da ginin da aka keɓe na musamman tare da hasken wucin gadi, zaku iya rage hayaki zuwa 0.25 kg. Frediyani ya san abin da yake magana a kai: a baya ya gudanar da ayyukan gonaki da kayan lambu a gidan Zoo na Paington, inda a shekara ta 2008 ya ba da shawarar hanyar dasa shuki a tsaye don noman abincin dabbobi yadda ya kamata. Idan za mu iya sanya irin waɗannan hanyoyin a kan rafi, za mu sami rahusa, sabo da abinci mai gina jiki, za mu iya rage hayakin iskar gas da miliyoyin ton a kowace shekara, gami da ɓangaren samarwa wanda ya shafi marufi, sufuri da rarrabawa. Kayayyakin noma, wanda a dunkule yana samar da hayaki mai cutarwa sau 4 fiye da noman kansa. Hakan na iya kawo tsaiko sosai wajen tunkarar matsalar abinci da ke tafe a duniya.
Masanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi kiyasin cewa nan da shekara ta 2050 yawan al'ummar duniya zai karu da biliyan 4.5, kuma kashi 80% na mazauna duniya za su zauna a birane. Tuni a yau, ana amfani da kashi 80% na ƙasar da ta dace da noma, kuma farashin kayayyakin yana ƙaruwa saboda karuwar fari da ambaliyar ruwa. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, masu kirkirar noma sun mayar da hankalinsu kan birane a matsayin mafita ga matsalar. Bayan haka, ana iya noman kayan lambu a ko’ina, har ma a kan manyan gine-gine ko kuma a wuraren da bam da aka yi watsi da su.
Yawan kamfanonin da suka fara amfani da sabbin fasahohin greenhouse don shuka kayan lambu da ciyar da su da LEDs sun haɗa da, alal misali, irin wannan kato kamar Philips Electronics, wanda ke da nasa sashin na LEDs na noma. Masana kimiyya da ke aiki a wurin suna ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan layukan marufi da tsarin gudanarwa, suna bincika yuwuwar fasahar microclimate, aeroponics *, aquaponics ***, hydroponics ***, tsarin girbin ruwan sama har ma da microturbines waɗanda ke ba da damar amfani da makamashin guguwa. Amma ya zuwa yanzu, babu wanda ya iya yin irin wadannan sabbin abubuwa. Mafi wahala shine amfani da makamashi. Tsarin hydroponic na VertiCorp (Vancouver), wanda ya haifar da hayaniya mai yawa a cikin al'ummar kimiyya, wanda mujallar TIME ta sanya wa lakabi da Discovery of the Year 2012 XNUMX, ya rushe saboda. cinye wutar lantarki da yawa. "Akwai ƙarairayi da yawa da alkawuran banza a wannan yanki," in ji Harper, ɗan mai yin burodi da ya girma a gonar Texas. "Wannan ya haifar da asarar jari mai yawa da kuma durkushewar kamfanoni da yawa manya da kanana."
Harper ya yi iƙirarin cewa godiya ga amfani da ci gabansa, zai yiwu a rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da kashi 80%. Ba kamar fasahohin noma na masana'antu waɗanda ke da kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka ba, aikinsa a buɗe yake, kuma kowa na iya amfani da sabbin abubuwan da ya kirkira. An riga an sami abin da ya dace don wannan, kamar yadda ya kasance tare da MIT da aka zana Laser cutters da XNUMXD printers, wanda Cibiyar ke samarwa da kuma ba da gudummawa ga labs a duniya. "Sun ƙirƙira hanyar sadarwar samarwa da nake gani a matsayin abin koyi don motsin kayan lambunmu," in ji Harper.
… A cikin kyakkyawan yammacin watan Yuni, Harper yana gwada sabon saitin sa. Yana rike da wani kwali da aka dauko daga kayan wasan yara. A gabansa akwai kwalin coleslaw wanda aka haska masu ledoji blue da ja. Ana sa ido kan saukar jiragen ta hanyar kyamarar bidiyo mai motsi da Harper ya aro daga PlayStation. Ya rufe ɗakin tare da takardar kwali - diodes sun zama haske. "Za mu iya yin la'akari da bayanan yanayi kuma mu ƙirƙiri diode diode diode algorithm," in ji masanin kimiyya, "Amma tsarin ba zai iya yin hasashen yanayin ruwan sama ko girgije ba. Muna buƙatar yanayi mai mu'amala kaɗan kaɗan."
Harper ya tattara irin wannan samfurin daga aluminum slats da plexiglass panels - wani nau'i na dakin aiki mara kyau. A cikin wannan shingen gilashin, wanda ya fi mutum tsayi, tsire-tsire 50 suna rayuwa, wasu suna rataye saiwoyi kuma suna ba da ruwa kai tsaye tare da abubuwan gina jiki.
Da kansu, irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba na musamman ba ne: ƙananan gonakin greenhouse suna amfani da su shekaru da yawa. Ƙirƙirar ta ta'allaka ne daidai a cikin amfani da diodes na shuɗi da haske ja, wanda ke haifar da photosynthesis, da kuma matakin sarrafawa da Harper ya samu. A zahiri an cika greenhouse tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin daban-daban waɗanda ke karanta yanayin yanayi da aika bayanai zuwa kwamfuta. "A tsawon lokaci, wannan greenhouse zai zama mai hankali," Harper ya tabbatar.
Yana amfani da tsarin lakabin da aka ba kowace shuka don bin diddigin ci gaban kowace shuka. "Har yau, babu wanda ya yi wannan," in ji Harper. “An samu rahotannin karya da yawa na irin wadannan gwaje-gwajen, amma babu daya daga cikinsu da ya ci jarrabawar. Yanzu akwai bayanai da yawa a cikin al'ummar kimiyya game da irin waɗannan nazarin, amma babu wanda ya san tabbas ko sun yi nasara, kuma a gaba ɗaya, ko an yi su a zahiri.
Manufarsa ita ce ƙirƙirar layin samar da kayan lambu akan buƙata, wanda aka bayar kamar Amazon.com. Maimakon ɗaukar kayan lambu kore (alal misali, kamar yadda ake girbe tumatir kore a cikin Netherlands a lokacin rani ko Spain a cikin hunturu - matalauta a cikin abinci mai gina jiki da rashin ɗanɗano), sa'an nan kuma aika su daruruwan kilomita, gas su ba da bayyanar bayyanar - za ku iya yin oda. Tumatir ɗinku anan ma amma ku sami cikakke kuma sabo, daga lambun, kuma kusan akan titi na gaba. "Isarwa za ta kasance cikin gaggawa," in ji Harper. "Babu dandano ko asarar sinadarai a cikin tsari!"
Ya zuwa yau, babbar matsalar Harper da ba a warware ta ba ita ce ta hanyoyin haske. Yana amfani da hasken rana duka daga taga da LEDs masu sarrafa intanet wanda kamfanin farawa na Swiss Heliospectra ya yi. Idan kun sanya gonakin kayan lambu a kan gine-ginen ofis, kamar yadda Harper ya ba da shawarar yin, to za a sami isasshen kuzari daga Rana. Harper ya yi bayanin cewa "Tsarin shuka na yana amfani da kashi 10 cikin XNUMX na bakan haske ne kawai, saura kawai yana dumama ɗakin - yana kama da tasirin greenhouse," in ji Harper. – Don haka dole ne in kwantar da greenhouse da gangan, wanda ke buƙatar kuzari mai yawa kuma yana lalata wadatar kai. Amma ga tambaya ta furucin: nawa ne farashin hasken rana?
A cikin gidajen gine-gine na gargajiya na "rana", dole ne a buɗe kofofin don kwantar da ɗakin da kuma rage yawan zafi - wannan shine yadda baƙi da ba a gayyata ba - kwari da fungi - shiga ciki. Ƙungiyoyin kimiyya a kamfanoni irin su Heliospectra da Philips sun yi imanin cewa amfani da Rana tsohuwar hanya ce. Hasali ma, babban ci gaban kimiyya a fannin noma, yanzu kamfanonin samar da hasken wuta ne suka yi. Heliospectra ba wai kawai samar da fitilu don greenhouses ba, har ma yana gudanar da bincike na ilimi a fagen hanyoyin haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta, haɓaka furanni da haɓaka ɗanɗano kayan lambu. NASA tana amfani da fitulun da suke yi a gwajin su don daidaita wani “Tsarin sararin samaniya na Martian” a Hawaii. Ana samar da hasken wuta a nan ta hanyar panels tare da diodes, waɗanda ke da na'ura mai kwakwalwa. "Za ku iya aika da sigina ga shuka kuna tambayar yadda take ji, kuma a mayar da ita ta aika da bayanai game da yawan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)" in ji shugaban Heliosphere Christopher Steele daga Gothenburg. "Alal misali, hasken shuɗi ba shine mafi kyau duka don ci gaban basil kuma yana shafar dandano." Har ila yau, Rana ba zai iya haskaka kayan lambu daidai ba - wannan ya faru ne saboda bayyanar girgije da kuma juyawa na duniya. "Za mu iya noman kayan lambu ba tare da ganga masu duhu ba da wuraren da suke da kyau kuma suna da kyau," in ji Shugaba Stefan Hillberg.
Ana sayar da irin waɗannan tsarin hasken wuta akan farashin 4400 fam, wanda ba shi da arha ko kaɗan, amma buƙatun kasuwa yana da yawa. A yau, akwai kusan fitulun miliyan 55 a cikin gidajen koina a duniya. "Dole ne a maye gurbin fitulun kowace shekara 1-5," in ji Hillberg. "Wannan kudi ne mai yawa."
Tsire-tsire sun fi son diodes zuwa hasken rana. Tunda ana iya sanya diodes kai tsaye sama da shuka, ba dole ba ne ya kashe ƙarin kuzari akan ƙirƙirar mai tushe, yana tsiro a fili sama kuma ɓangaren ganye yana da kauri. A GreenSenseFarms, gonaki mafi girma na cikin gida a tsaye a duniya, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 50 daga Chicago, kusan fitulu 7000 suna cikin dakuna biyu masu haske. "Lets da aka noma a nan ya fi ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano," in ji Shugaba Robert Colangelo. – Muna haskaka kowane gado da fitulu 10, muna da gadaje 840. Muna samun shugabannin latas 150 daga lambun kowane kwana 30."
An jera gadaje a tsaye a gonar kuma sun kai mita 7.6 a tsayi. Gidan gona na Green Sense yana amfani da fasaha na abin da ake kira "fim mai gina jiki na ruwa". A aikace, wannan yana nufin cewa ruwa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki yana shiga cikin "ƙasar" - bawoyin kwakwa da aka murƙushe, waɗanda ake amfani da su a nan maimakon peat, saboda abu ne mai sabuntawa. "Saboda an jera gadaje a tsaye, kayan lambu suna girma aƙalla sau goma kuma suna samar da sau 25 zuwa 30 fiye da na al'ada, a kwance," in ji Colangelo. "Yana da kyau ga Duniya saboda babu sakin maganin kashe kwari, kuma muna amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa da kuma takin da aka sake sarrafa." "Yana amfani da ƙarancin kuzari (fiye da na al'ada)," in ji Colangelo, yana magana game da masana'antar kayan lambu, wanda aka kirkira tare da Philips, wanda shine mafi girma a duniya.
Colangelo ya yi imanin cewa nan ba da dadewa ba masana'antar noma za ta haɓaka ta hanyoyi biyu kawai: na farko, manyan, wuraren buɗe ido da aka dasa da hatsi irin su alkama da masara, waɗanda za a iya adana su na tsawon watanni kuma ana jigilar su a hankali a duk faɗin duniya - waɗannan gonakin suna da nisa daga birane. Na biyu, gonakin da ke tsaye wanda zai yi tsada, kayan lambu masu lalacewa kamar tumatur, cucumbers da ganye. Ana sa ran gonarsa da aka bude a watan Afrilun bana, za ta samar da dala miliyan 2-3 a duk shekara. Colangelo ya riga ya sayar da samfuran sa hannun sa ga gidajen cin abinci da cibiyar rarraba abinci ta WholeFood (wanda ke tsakanin mintuna 30 kawai), wanda ke ba da sabbin kayan lambu zuwa shaguna 48 a cikin jihohin Amurka 8.
"Mataki na gaba shine sarrafa kansa," in ji Colangelo. Tun da an jera gadaje a tsaye, darektan shukar ya yi imanin cewa za a iya amfani da na’urorin sarrafa mutum-mutumi da na’urori masu auna firikwensin don tantance ko wane kayan lambu ne suka girma, a girbe su, a kuma maye gurbinsu da sabbin tsiro. "Zai zama kamar Detroit tare da masana'anta masu sarrafa kansu inda mutummutumi ke hada motoci. Motoci da manyan motoci ana hada su ne daga sassan da dillalai suka yi oda, ba da yawa ba. Za mu kira wannan "girma don oda". Za mu debo kayan lambu a lokacin da kantin sayar da kayayyaki ke bukata.
Wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki a fagen aikin gona shine "Gonakin jigilar kayayyaki". Akwatunan girma ne a tsaye sanye take da tsarin dumama, ban ruwa da hasken wuta tare da fitilun diode. Waɗannan kwantena, masu sauƙin jigilar kayayyaki da adanawa, ana iya jera su huɗu a saman juna kuma a sanya su a waje da shaguna da gidajen abinci don samar musu da sabbin kayan lambu.
Kamfanoni da dama sun riga sun cika wannan wuri. Growtainer na tushen Florida kamfani ne wanda ke samar da gonaki gabaɗaya da mafita na kan layi don gidajen abinci da makarantu (inda ake amfani da su azaman kayan aikin gani a cikin ilmin halitta). "Na sanya dala miliyan guda a cikin wannan," in ji Babban Jami'in Grotainer Glen Berman, wanda ya jagoranci masu noman orchid a Florida, Thailand, da Vietnam tsawon shekaru 40 kuma yanzu shine mafi girma mai rarraba tsire-tsire a Amurka da Turai. "Mun kammala tsarin ban ruwa da hasken wuta," in ji shi. "Muna girma fiye da yanayin kanta."
Tuni, yana da cibiyoyin rarraba da dama, da yawa daga cikinsu suna aiki bisa ga tsarin "mai amfani-mai amfani": suna sayar da ku da akwati, kuma kuna shuka kayan lambu da kanku. Gidan yanar gizon Berman ya ma yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan kwantena suna da kyau "talla ta kai tsaye" waɗanda za a iya sanya tambura da sauran bayanan. Sauran kamfanoni suna aiki akan wata ka'ida ta daban - suna sayar da kwantena tare da tambarin kansu, wanda kayan lambu sun riga sun girma. Abin takaici, yayin da duka makircinsu suna da tsada ga mabukaci.
Paul Lightfoot, Shugaba na Bright Farms ya ce "Micro gonakin suna da jujjuyawar ROI a kowane yanki." Bright Farms yana samar da ƙananan greenhouses waɗanda za a iya sanya su kusa da babban kanti, don haka rage lokaci da farashin bayarwa. "Idan kuna buƙatar dumama daki, yana da arha don dumama murabba'in kilomita goma fiye da mita ɗari."
Wasu masu kirkirar noma ba daga masana kimiyya suke ba amma daga kasuwanci. Haka kuma Bright Farms, wanda ya dogara ne akan aikin ba da riba na 2007 ScienceBarge, samfuri na sabuwar gonar birni wacce aka kafa a Kogin Hudson (New York). A lokacin ne manyan kantuna a duniya suka lura da karuwar bukatar kayan lambu da ake nomawa a cikin gida.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa 98% na letas da ake sayarwa a manyan kantunan Amurka ana noman su a California a lokacin rani da kuma a Arizona a cikin hunturu, farashinsa (wanda ya haɗa da farashin ruwa, wanda ke da tsada a yammacin ƙasar) yana da tsada sosai. . A Pennsylvania, Bright Farms ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da wani babban kanti na gida, ya karɓi kimar haraji don ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi a yankin, kuma ya sayi gona mai girman hekta 120. Gona, wacce ke amfani da tsarin ruwan sama na saman rufin da kuma daidaitawa a tsaye kamar Saleb Harper's, tana siyar da dala miliyan 2 na nasa alamar ganye a duk shekara ga manyan kantuna a New York da Philadelphia na kusa.
"Muna ba da madadin ga mafi tsada, ba sabo-sabo-so-so-so-so-so-so-so-so-so-dabam West Coast ganye," Lightfoot ya ce. – Ganye mai lalacewa yana da tsada sosai don jigilar kayayyaki a cikin ƙasa. Don haka wannan ita ce damar mu don gabatar da mafi kyawun samfur, mai sabo. Ba sai mun kashe kudi wajen jigilar kaya mai nisa ba. Mahimman ƙimar mu suna kwance a waje da fannin fasaha. Ƙirƙirar mu ita ce tsarin kasuwanci kanta. A shirye muke mu aiwatar da duk wata fasaha da za ta ba mu damar cimma sakamako."
Lightfoot ya yi imanin cewa gonakin kwantena ba za su taba samun gindin zama a manyan kantunan kantuna ba saboda rashin biya. Lightfoot ya ce "Akwai wasu niches na gaske, kamar ganye masu tsada don zaɓaɓɓun gidajen cin abinci," in ji Lightfoot. "Amma ba zai yi aiki a saurin da nake aiki da su ba. Ko da yake ana iya jefa irin waɗannan kwantena, alal misali, a cikin sansanin soja na sojojin ruwa a Afghanistan."
Duk da haka, sababbin abubuwa a cikin aikin noma suna kawo shahara da samun kudin shiga. Wannan yana bayyana lokacin da kuka kalli gonar, wanda ke da nisan mita 33 a ƙarƙashin titunan Arewacin Capham (yankin London). Anan, a cikin wani sansanin sojan sama na tsohon yakin duniya na daya, dan kasuwa Stephen Dring da abokan hulda sun tara fam miliyan 1 don canza sararin samaniyar biranen da ba a yi ikirarin ba don samar da noma mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa da riba, kuma cikin nasarar shuka latas da sauran ganye.
Kamfaninsa, ZeroCarbonFood (ZCF, Zero Emission Food), yana tsiro ganye a tsaye a tsaye ta hanyar amfani da tsarin "tide": ruwa yana wanke tsire-tsire masu girma sannan a tattara (ƙarfafa da kayan abinci) don sake amfani da su. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa na wucin gadi da aka yi daga kafet ɗin da aka sake yin fa'ida daga ƙauyen Olympics a Stratford. Wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita don haskakawa ta fito ne daga ƙananan injin injin lantarki. "Muna da ruwan sama da yawa a London," in ji Dring. "Don haka mun sanya injiniyoyi a cikin tsarin ruwan sama, kuma suna ciyar da mu makamashi." Dring yana aiki akan magance ɗayan manyan matsalolin da girma a tsaye: ajiyar zafi. "Muna nazarin yadda za a iya cire zafi da kuma mayar da shi wutar lantarki, da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da carbon dioxide - yana aiki kamar steroids a kan tsire-tsire."
A gabashin Japan, wanda girgizar kasa da igiyar ruwa ta tsunami a shekara ta 2001 ta yi kamari, wani sanannen kwararre a fannin shuka ya mayar da tsohuwar masana'anta ta Sony zuwa gonakin cikin gida mafi girma na biyu a duniya. Tare da wani yanki na 2300 m2, gonakin da aka kunna da 17500 low-makamashi electrodes (kerarre ta General Electric), da kuma samar 10000 shugabannin na ganye a kowace rana. Kamfanin da ke bayan gonar - Mirai ("Mirai" na nufin "nan gaba" a cikin Jafananci) - ya riga ya yi aiki tare da injiniyoyin GE don kafa "ma'aikata mai girma" a Hong Kong da Rasha. Shigeharu Shimamura, wanda ke da hannu wajen samar da wannan aiki, ya tsara tsare-tsarensa na gaba ta wannan hanya: “A karshe, a shirye muke mu fara bunkasa masana’antar noma.
Babu ƙarancin kuɗi a fannin aikin gona na kimiyya a yanzu, kuma ana iya ganin wannan a cikin haɓakar sabbin abubuwa, kama daga waɗanda aka tsara don amfanin gida (akwai ayyuka masu ban sha'awa da yawa akan Kickstarter, alal misali, Niwa. wanda ke ba ka damar shuka tumatir a gida a cikin injin hydroponic mai sarrafa wayar hannu), zuwa duniya. Babban kamfanin tattalin arziki na Silicon Valley SVGPartners, alal misali, ya hada gwiwa da Forbes don karbar bakuncin taron kirkiro ayyukan noma na kasa da kasa a shekara mai zuwa. Amma gaskiyar ita ce, zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo - shekaru goma ko sama da haka - don haɓaka aikin noma don samun wani muhimmin yanki na kek na masana'antar abinci ta duniya.
"Abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne cewa ba mu da farashin sufuri, babu hayaki da ƙarancin amfani da albarkatu," in ji Harper. Wani batu mai ban sha'awa wanda masanin kimiyyar ya lura: wata rana za mu iya zarce halaye na yanki na girma kayan lambu. Gidajen abinci za su shuka kayan lambu zuwa ga ɗanɗanonsu, daidai a waje, a cikin kwantena na musamman. Ta hanyar canza haske, ma'auni na acid-base, ma'adinin ma'adinai na ruwa, ko musamman iyakancewar ban ruwa, za su iya sarrafa dandano kayan lambu - ka ce, yin salatin zaki. A hankali, ta wannan hanyar za ku iya ƙirƙirar kayan lambu masu alamar ku. "Ba za a ƙara samun 'ya'yan inabi mafi kyau ba nan da can'," in ji Harper. - "Za su kasance" mafi kyawun inabi ana girma a wannan gona a Brooklyn. Kuma mafi kyawun chard ya fito daga wannan gona a Brooklyn. Wannan abin mamaki ne".
Google zai aiwatar da binciken Harper da ƙirar microfarm ɗinsa a cikin gidan abinci na hedkwatarsu ta Mountain View don ciyar da ma'aikata sabo, abinci mai kyau. Har ila yau, wani kamfanin auduga ya tuntube shi yana tambayar ko zai yiwu a shuka auduga a cikin irin wannan ingantaccen greenhouse (Harper bai tabbata ba - watakila yana yiwuwa). Aikin Harper, OpenAgProject, ya ja hankalin masana ilimi da kamfanonin jama'a a China, Indiya, Amurka ta Tsakiya, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Kuma wani abokin tarayya da ke kusa da gida, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, yana gab da juya wani tsohon wurin ajiyar motoci mai murabba'in ƙafa 4600 a wajen Detroit zuwa abin da zai zama babbar masana'antar kayan lambu a tsaye a duniya. "Ina ne mafi kyawun wurin fahimtar sarrafa kansa, idan ba a Detroit ba? Harper ya tambaya. - Kuma wasu har yanzu suna tambaya, "menene sabon juyin juya halin masana'antu"? Ita ke nan!”
* Aeroponics shine tsarin shuka tsire-tsire a cikin iska ba tare da amfani da ƙasa ba, inda ake isar da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa tushen tsire-tsire ta hanyar aerosol.
** Aquaponics - babban fasahahanya mai ma'ana ta noma wacce ta haɗu da kiwo - girma dabbobin ruwa da hydroponics - shuka tsire-tsire ba tare da ƙasa ba.
***Hydroponics hanya ce da ba ta da ƙasa ta shuka tsiro. Shuka yana da tsarin tushensa ba a cikin ƙasa ba, amma a cikin iska mai laushi (ruwa, mai daɗaɗɗen iska; m, amma danshi- da iska mai tsanani da kuma maɗaukaki) matsakaici, mai cike da ma'adanai, saboda mafita na musamman. Irin wannan yanayi yana ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan oxygenation na rhizomes na shuka.