A tarihance dai Birtaniya ta kasance fagen zazzafar muhawara game da zaluntar dabbobi da kuma amfani da dabbobi wajen bincike. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa da yawa a cikin Birtaniya irin su (National Anti-Vivisection Society) da (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) sun ba da haske game da zaluncin dabba kuma sun sami goyon bayan jama'a don kyakkyawan tsari na binciken dabba. Alal misali, wani sanannen hoto da aka buga a shekara ta 1975 ya girgiza masu karanta mujallar The Sunday People kuma ya yi tasiri sosai kan fahimtar gwajin dabbobi.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a don binciken dabba sun canza sosai don mafi kyau, amma har yanzu Burtaniya tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar gwajin dabba a Turai. A cikin 2015, akwai hanyoyin gwaji da aka gudanar akan dabbobi daban-daban.
Yawancin ka'idojin da'a don amfani da dabbobi a cikin bincike na gwaji sun dogara ne akan ka'idoji guda uku, wanda kuma aka sani da "Rs uku" (maye gurbin, raguwa, tsaftacewa): maye gurbin (idan zai yiwu, maye gurbin gwaje-gwajen dabba tare da wasu hanyoyin bincike), raguwa (idan). babu wata hanya, amfani da gwaje-gwaje a matsayin ƙananan dabbobi kamar yadda zai yiwu) da kuma ingantawa (inganta hanyoyin da za a rage zafi da wahalar dabbobin gwaji).
Ka'idar "R uku" ita ce tushen mafi yawan manufofin da ake da su a duniya, ciki har da Umarnin Majalisar Turai da na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na Satumba 22, 2010 game da kare dabbobi. Daga cikin wasu buƙatun, wannan umarnin yana kafa mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodi don gidaje da kulawa kuma yana buƙatar kimanta raɗaɗi, wahala da lahani na dogon lokaci ga dabbobi. Don haka, aƙalla a cikin Tarayyar Turai, linzamin linzamin kwamfuta dole ne a kula da shi da kyau ta hanyar ƙwararrun mutane waɗanda ake buƙatar kiyaye dabbobi a cikin yanayin da ke tabbatar da lafiyarsu da jin daɗinsu tare da ƙarancin ƙuntatawa akan buƙatun halaye.
Masana kimiyya da jama'a sun amince da ƙa'idar "Rs uku" a matsayin ma'auni mai ma'ana na yarda da ɗabi'a. Amma tambayar ita ce: me yasa wannan tunanin ya shafi amfani da dabbobi kawai a cikin bincike? Me ya sa wannan ma bai shafi dabbobin noma da yankan dabbobi ba?
Idan aka kwatanta da adadin dabbobin da ake amfani da su don gwaji, adadin dabbobin da ake kashewa kowace shekara suna da yawa. Misali, a cikin 2014 a Burtaniya, adadin dabbobin da aka kashe shine . Sakamakon haka, a cikin Burtaniya, adadin dabbobin da ake amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin gwaji shine kawai kusan 0,2% na adadin dabbobin da aka kashe don samar da nama.
, wanda kamfanin bincike na kasuwa na Biritaniya Ipsos MORI ya gudanar a cikin 2017, ya nuna cewa kashi 26% na jama'ar Burtaniya za su goyi bayan dakatar da amfani da dabbobi a cikin gwaje-gwaje, kuma duk da haka kawai 3,25% na wadanda ke shiga cikin binciken ba su ci abinci ba. nama a lokacin . Me yasa ake samun irin wannan rashin daidaituwa? Don haka al’umma ba su damu da dabbobin da suke ci ba fiye da dabbobin da suke amfani da su wajen bincike?
Idan za mu ci gaba da bin ƙa’idodinmu na ɗabi’a, dole ne mu bi da dukan dabbobin da ’yan Adam suke amfani da su don kowace manufa daidai. Amma idan muka yi amfani da wannan ka'idar da'a ta "Rs uku" don amfani da dabbobi don samar da nama, wannan yana nufin cewa:
1) A duk lokacin da zai yiwu, a maye gurbin naman dabba da sauran kayan abinci (ka'idar maye gurbin).
2) Idan babu madadin, to kawai mafi ƙarancin adadin dabbobin da ake buƙata don biyan buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki yakamata a cinye (ka'idar ragewa).
3) Lokacin yanka dabbobi, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman don rage radadin da suke ciki (ƙa'idar ingantawa).
Don haka, idan aka yi amfani da dukkan ka’idoji guda uku kan yankan dabbobi don noman nama, a zahiri sana’ar nama za ta bace.
Kash, da wuya a kiyaye ka'idodin ɗabi'a dangane da duk dabbobi nan gaba kaɗan. Ma'auni biyu da ke akwai dangane da dabbobin da ake amfani da su don gwaji da kuma waɗanda ake kashewa don abinci yana cikin al'adu da dokoki. Koyaya, akwai alamun cewa jama'a na iya amfani da Rs uku don zaɓin salon rayuwa, ko mutane sun gane ko a'a.
A cewar ƙungiyar agaji ta The Vegan Society, yawan masu cin ganyayyaki a Burtaniya sun sa cin ganyayyaki ya zama hanyar rayuwa mafi girma cikin sauri. sun ce suna ƙoƙarin gujewa amfani da abubuwa da kayayyakin da aka samu daga dabbobi ko kuma sun haɗa da su. Samar da kayan maye na nama ya ƙaru a cikin shaguna, kuma halayen sayayya na masu amfani sun canza sosai.
A taƙaice, babu wani dalili mai kyau don kada a yi amfani da "Rs uku" don yin amfani da dabbobi don samar da nama, tun da wannan ka'ida ta sarrafa amfani da dabbobi a cikin gwaje-gwaje. Amma ba a ma magana game da amfani da dabbobi don samar da nama - kuma wannan babban misali ne na ma'auni biyu.