Tare da haɓaka aikin sana'a, nau'in giya iri-iri sun bayyana a kan ɗakunan ajiya. Fahimtar nau'ikan pilsners, IPAs, stouts da ƴan dako na iya zama da wahala. A gaskiya ma, akwai nau'i biyu na abin sha mai kumfa - ale da lager. An fi ganin na ƙarshe a matsayin giya mai haske na gargajiya. Na gaba, bari mu ga mene ne ainihin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan giya guda biyu dangane da fasahar kere-kere, dandano da al'adun sha.
Siffofin samar da ale da lager
Mahimmin abu a cikin yin burodi shine yisti. Suna da alhakin aiwatar da fermentation yayin fermentation kuma suna canza sukari zuwa carbon dioxide da barasa. Yisti ya fi son yanayin zafi mai girma - har zuwa 18 zuwa 24 ° C. Matsalolin suna aiki sosai a cikin ɓangaren sama na tanki, inda wort yake. Saboda haka, ale ana kiransa giya mai ƙima.
Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, duk giya, ba tare da togiya ba, na cikin nau'in ales. Wannan salon shayarwa ya samo asali a cikin dubban shekaru, yayin da ƙwanƙolin ƙoshin ƙoshin ƙwaya yana jure yanayin zafi sosai. A cikin tsakiyar Turai, giya mai kauri da ɗan ƙanƙara ta kasance muhimmiyar ma'auni tare da burodi. Ƙananan barasa yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka ale ya maye gurbin ruwa a ƙasashen Turai.
Yisti mai girma ya fi aiki a ƙananan zafin jiki kuma yana ƙura a ƙasan tanki. Masu shayarwa na Jamus ne suka yi majagaba a ƙasan barasa waɗanda suka gano cewa tsarin fermentation a cikin akwatunan ale yana ci gaba da adanawa a cikin kogo masu sanyi. Sakamakon ya kasance mai haske, mai ƙarfi, giya mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda ya shahara a gidajen abinci na zamani. A cikin 1516, an zartar da dokar Bavaria "A kan tsarkin shayarwa", wanda ya haramta samar da giya mai fermented a cikin watanni na rani.
An fara keɓe yeast mai girma a cikin tsaftataccen nau'in sa a cikin 1883. Tun da nau'in ya ƙunshi ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasashen waje, an adana giya mai fermented na ƙasa na dogon lokaci kuma yana da riba don samar da shi. Sabili da haka, sannu a hankali lager ya fara maye gurbin ale, wanda ke da ɗan gajeren rayuwa. Yin amfani da firji da yaɗuwa ya sa a iya yin lager ba tare da la’akari da lokacin shekara ba.
Bambancin ɗanɗano tsakanin ale da lager
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin ale da lager da farko sun danganci bouquet na dandano. Kamar yadda ale yeasts ferment a high yanayin zafi, sukan saki esters da phenolic mahadi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawar 'ya'yan itace da sautunan yaji. Nau'in nau'in Belgian yana ba da abubuwan sha iri-iri iri-iri. Masu sana'a masu sana'a suna haɗa nau'o'in hops daban-daban tare da yisti iri-iri da kuma yin giya tare da alamun mango, abarba, vanilla, ayaba da citrus.
Yisti mai girma yana ba wa giyan ɗanɗano mai tsafta da sabo, wanda zafin hop da sautunan sha'ir suka mamaye. A yawancin tunanin mutane, giya na gaske haske ne, lager mai tsabta tare da kumfa mai yawa. Duk da haka, wannan yaudara ce kawai. Nau'in yisti ba ya shafar launi na abin sha. Dukansu giyar da aka haƙa a sama da ƙasa na iya zama haske ko duhu, ya danganta da girman gasa ko malting na sha'ir.
Koyaya, yawancin giyar da ke kasuwa an rarraba su azaman lagers, waɗanda ke cika tsammanin masu amfani. Ale ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin masu sana'a saboda baya buƙatar kayan aiki masu tsada kuma yana da matsakaicin lokacin girma na kwanaki bakwai. Ana yin giya a cikin ƙananan batches kuma nan da nan ana sayar da shi, don kada ya mamaye tankuna na dogon lokaci.
A cikin 1970s, sha'awar masu samarwa don faranta wa masu amfani rai ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa lagers sun rasa halayen su kuma sun daina bambanta da juna. Rage sha'awar giya ya tilasta kamfanoni suyi gwaji tare da salo da kuma mayar da ƙananan abun ciki na ester zuwa lagers.
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sun bayyana waɗanda ke amfani da nau'in yisti iri ɗaya a cikin samarwa, amma fermentation yana faruwa a duka high da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Fasaha ta sa ya yiwu a sami giya mai tsabta da gaskiya tare da dandano mai dandano.
Al'adar amfani
Classic lager yana kashe ƙishirwa da kyau, kuma ana iya cinye nau'ikan raunana ba tare da abun ciye-ciye ba ko tare da kayan ciye-ciye. Iri-iri masu haske suna da kyau tare da pizza, karnuka masu zafi, da kuma shahararren Kifi & Chips tasa a cikin Burtaniya - soyayyen kifi da soyayyen faransa. Czech pilsner ya dace da soyayyen tsiran alade, abincin teku, gasasshen nama. Dark lager iri suna yin gastronomic biyu tare da balagagge cuku da kyafaffen nama.
Daban-daban na alewa suna da kyau tare da wasu nau'ikan abinci. Haɗin da aka ba da shawarar:
- IPA (Indiya kodadde ale) - kifin kifi, burgers, Thai jita-jita;
- duhu ales - jan nama, cuku mai yaji, lasagna, stewed namomin kaza;
- dan dako da stout - gasasshen nama da tsiran alade, kawa, kayan zaki cakulan duhu;
- saison - kaza dafa tare da tafarnuwa, miya na abincin teku, cuku akuya;
- zuma da ales mai yaji - wasa, tsiran alade.
Kowane nau'in giya yana da nasa hidima. Yawancin lokaci ana shayar da lagers daga manyan gilasai masu tsayi ko daga barasa mai girman lita 0,56. Ana amfani da nau'ikan duhu a cikin manyan gilashin tulip masu siffar tulip. Gilashin ale na al'ada ana kiran su pints kuma suna da siffar silindari tare da sama mai walƙiya da ƙasa mai kauri. Za a iya zuba ƙwanƙwasa masu ƙarfi, ƴan ƙofofi da ales masu duhu a cikin gilashin tulip da kwalabe masu siffar al'ada.