Le ciwon sukari cuta ce da ba za ta iya warkewa ba wacce ke faruwa lokacin da jiki ya kasa yin amfani da shi yadda ya kamata sugar (glucose), wanda shine "man fetur" mai mahimmanci don aikinsa. Glucose, wanda kwayoyin halitta ba su da kyau, sannan ya taru a cikin jini sannan a sake shi cikin fitsari. Ana kiran wannan babban yawan adadin glucose a cikin jini hyperglycemia. Bayan lokaci, yana iya haifar da rikitarwa a cikin idanu, kodan, zuciya da tasoshin jini.

Ciwon sukari na iya fitowa daga rashin iyawa, sashi ko gabaɗaya pancreas don yin insulin, wanda shine hormone mai mahimmanci don shayar da glucose ta sel. Hakanan yana iya tasowa daga gazawar sel da kansu yin amfani da insulin don ɗaukar glucose. A cikin duka biyun, ƙwayoyin da ake hana su babban su tushen makamashi, babu makawa ya bi mahimman sakamako na physiological, kamar matsananciyar gajiya ko matsalolin warkarwa misali.

Le glucose ya zo daga tushe guda 2: kayan abinci mai arziki a cikin carbohydrates da ake ci da kuma hanta (wanda ke adana glucose bayan cin abinci kuma ya sake shi cikin jini kamar yadda ake bukata). Da zarar an fitar da shi daga abinci ta tsarin narkewar abinci, glucose yana shiga cikin jini. Ta yadda kwayoyin jikinsu za su iya amfani da wannan muhimmin tushen makamashi, suna buƙatar shiga tsakani na insulin.

Babban nau'ikan ciwon sukari

Don cikakken bayanin nau'ikan ciwon sukari (alamomi, rigakafi, jiyya, da sauransu), tuntuɓi kowane ɗayan takaddun da aka keɓe gare su.

• Type 1 ciwon sukari. Har ila yau ana kiranta "ciwon sukari insulinodependant "(DID) ko" ciwon sukari yara Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana faruwa ne lokacin da pancreas ya daina samar da insulin ko kuma bai samar da isasshen insulin ba. Ana iya haifar da wannan ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar hoto ko mai guba, ko kuma ta hanyar halayen autoimmune wanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin beta a cikin pancreas, waɗanda ke da alhakin haɗar insulin. Irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari ya fi shafar yara da matasa, kodayake abin da ke faruwa a cikin manya yana ƙara karuwa. Yana shafar kusan kashi 10% na masu ciwon sukari.
• Type 2 ciwon sukari. Yawancin lokaci ana kiranta da "ciwon sukari marasa dogaro da insulin" ko "ciwon sukari. na babba Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa jiki yana jure wa insulin. Wannan matsalar yawanci tana faruwa ne a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 45, amma lamarin yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin matasa. Irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari, wanda aka fi sani da shi, yana shafar kusan kashi 90% na masu ciwon sukari.
• Ciwon suga na ciki. Yana bayyana azaman kowane ciwon sukari ko rashin haƙuri na glucose wanda ke bayyana a lokacin ciki, yawanci a lokacin 2^e ko 3^e trimester. Sau da yawa, ciwon sukari na ciki na ɗan lokaci ne kawai kuma yana tafiya ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa.

Akwai wani nau'in ciwon sukari da ake kira ciwon sukari insipidus. Wata cuta ce da ba kasafai ba ta haifar da rashin isasshen samar da hormone antidiuretic ta glandon pituitary da ake kira "vasopressin". Ciwon sukari insipidus yana tare da karuwar fitowar fitsari, yayin da matakan sukarin jini ya kasance na al'ada. Don haka, ba shi da alaƙa da ciwon sukari. Ana kiransa "ciwon sukari" insipidus saboda, kamar yadda a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, fitsari yana da yawa. Duk da haka, fitsari ba shi da ɗanɗano maimakon zaki. (Kalmar ta fito ne daga tsoffin hanyoyin bincike: ɗanɗanon fitsari!)

Masu ciwon sukari, suna da yawa

Kodayake gado yana taka rawa a farkonsa, karuwar yaduwar ciwon sukari toabinci da kuma hanyar rayuwa wadanda suka zama ruwan dare a kasashen Yamma: yalwar sikari mai tsafta, kitse da nama, rashin fiber na abinci, kiba mai yawa, rashin motsa jiki. Yayin da waɗannan halayen ke ƙaruwa a cikin adadin da aka ba su, mafi girman abin da ke faruwa na ciwon sukari.

Bisa gaLafiya ta Jama'a na Kanada, a cikin wani rahoto da aka buga a 2008-09, 2,4 Canadians miliyan sun kamu da ciwon sukari (6,8%), ciki har da miliyan 1,2 tsakanin shekarun 25 da 64.

Alamar da alama tana da gaskiya yayin da ake nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa: yayin da manyan ɓangarorin jama'a suka ɗauki matakin. abinci kuma daya hanyar rayuwa kamar namu, kamuwa da ciwon sukari, nau'in 1 da nau'in 2, yana ƙaruwa¹.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa na ciwon sukari

A cikin dogon lokaci, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari waɗanda ba su da isasshen kulawa da cutar suna fuskantar haɗarin matsaloli daban-daban, musamman saboda hyperglycemia dadewa yana haifar da lalacewar nama a cikin capillaries na jini da jijiyoyi, da kuma kunkuntar arteries. Wadannan rikice-rikice ba su shafi duk masu ciwon sukari ba, kuma idan sun yi hakan, yakan kai nau'i daban-daban. Don ƙarin bayani, duba takardar mu Rikicin Ciwon sukari.

Baya ga wadannan na kullum rikitarwa, rashin kulawa da ciwon sukari (misali saboda mantuwa, ƙididdige adadin insulin da ba daidai ba, canje-canje kwatsam a cikin buƙatun insulin saboda rashin lafiya ko damuwa, da sauransu) na iya haifar da cutar. matsalolin ruwa bin:

Ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari

Wannan shi ne yanayin da zai iya zama m. A cikin masu ciwon sukari nau'in 1 rashin magani ko rashin isassun magani (misali rashin insulin), glucose ya kasance a cikin jini kuma baya samuwa don amfani azaman tushen kuzari. (Wannan kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da aka yi musu maganin insulin.) Don haka dole ne jiki ya maye gurbin glucose da wani mai: fatty acid. Duk da haka, amfani da fatty acid yana samar da jikin ketone wanda, bi da bi, yana ƙara yawan acidity na jiki.

Alamomin: numfashin 'ya'yan itace, bushewa, tashin zuciya, amai da ciwon ciki. Idan babu wanda ya shiga tsakani, wahalar numfashi, rikicewa, suma, da mutuwa na iya faruwa.

Yadda ake gano shi: hawan jini, mafi yawanci kusan 20 mmol / l (360 mg / dl) kuma wani lokacin ƙari.

Abin da za a yi: Idan an gano ketoacidosis, je zuwa sabis na gaggawa asibiti kuma tuntuɓi likitan ku daga baya don daidaita maganin.

Jihar hyperosmolar

Lokacin da Rubuta ciwon sukari na 2 Idan ba a kula da shi ba, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome na iya faruwa. Wannan gaskiya ne gaggawa likita waye m fiye da 50% na lokuta. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tarin glucose a cikin jini wanda ya wuce 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Alamomin: ƙara yawan fitsari, ƙishirwa mai tsanani da sauran alamomin bushewar jiki (asarar nauyi, asarar elasticity na fata, busasshiyar fata, ƙara bugun zuciya da saukar hawan jini).

Yadda ake gano shi: Matsayin glucose na jini sama da 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Abin da za a yi: idan an gano yanayin hyperosmolar, je zuwa sabis na gaggawa asibiti kuma tuntuɓi likitan ku daga baya don daidaita maganin.