Ciwon sukari insipidus yana da yawan yawan fitsari da ke hade da tsananin ƙishirwa. Yana yiwuwa a rarrabe dama iri, mafi kowa daga waxanda suke neurogenic ciwon sukari insipidus da nephrogenic ciwon sukari insipidus. Waɗannan ba su da halaye iri ɗaya daidai amma duka biyun suna nuna matsalar tsari a cikin kodan. Jiki baya riƙe isasshen ruwa don biyan bukatunsa.

Ma'anar ciwon sukari insipidus

Ciwon sukari insipidus shine sakamakon rashi ko rashin hankali ga hormone antidiuretic: vasopressin. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin jiki na yau da kullun, ana samar da wannan hormone a cikin hypothalamus sannan a adana shi a cikin glandan pituitary. Bayan wadannan matakai guda biyu a cikin kwakwalwa, ana fitar da vasopressin a cikin jiki don daidaita yawan ruwa a cikin jiki. Zai yi aiki a kan kodan don sake shayar da ruwa mai tacewa, don haka ya hana kawar da shi a cikin fitsari. Ta wannan hanyar, yana taimakawa wajen biyan bukatun ruwa na jiki.

A cikin ciwon sukari insipidus, vasopressin ba zai iya taka rawa a matsayin wakili na antidiuretic ba. Ana fitar da ruwa fiye da kima, wanda ke haifar da yawan fitsari da ke hade da tsananin ƙishirwa.

Nau'in ciwon sukari insipidus

Hanyoyin da ke tattare da ciwon sukari insipidus ba koyaushe iri ɗaya suke ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana yiwuwa a rarrabe nau'i da yawa:

• neurogenic, ko tsakiyar ciwon sukari insipidus, wanda aka lalacewa ta hanyar rashin isasshen sakin hormone antidiuretic daga hypothalamus;
• nephrogenic, ko na gefe, ciwon sukari insipidus, wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗin koda ga hormone antidiuretic;
• ciwon sukari na gestational insipidus, wani nau'i mai ban mamaki da ke faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki wanda shine mafi yawan lokuta sakamakon rushewar vasopressin a cikin jini;
• dipsogenic ciwon sukari insipidus wanda ke da rashin lafiyan tsarin ƙishirwa a cikin hypothalamus.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari insipidus

A wannan mataki, ya kamata a lura cewa insipidus ciwon sukari na iya zama na haihuwa (yanzu daga haihuwa), samu (biyan sigogi na waje) ko idiopathic (tare da dalilin da ba a sani ba).

Wasu daga cikin dalilan da aka gano zuwa yau sun hada da:

• raunin kai ko lalacewar kwakwalwa;
• tiyatar kwakwalwa;
• lalacewar jijiyoyin jini irin su aneurysms (dilation na gida na bangon jijiya) da thrombosis (samuwar jini);
• wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji ciki har da ciwan kwakwalwa;
• cututtuka na autoimmune;
• cututtuka na tsarin jin tsoro kamar kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da sankarau;
• tarin fuka;
• sarcoidosis;
• polycystic koda cuta (kasancewar cysts a cikin kodan);
• cutar sikila;
• soso medullary koda (cututtukan koda);
• pyelonephritis mai tsanani;
• amylose;
• Sjögren ciwo;
• da dai sauransu.

Binciken ciwon sukari insipidus

Ana zargin ciwon sukari insipidus bayan fitar fitsari mai yawa da ke hade da matsananciyar ƙishirwa. Tabbatar da ganewar asali na iya dogara ne akan:

• gwajin hana ruwa wanda ke auna fitowar fitsari, maida hankali kan electrolyte na jini da nauyi a tsaka-tsaki na yau da kullun;
• gwaje-gwajen fitsari don duba fitsari don sukari (halayen ciwon sukari mellitus);
• gwaje-gwajen jini don gano babban ƙwayar sodium musamman.

Dangane da lamarin, ana iya yin la'akari da wasu ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don gano abin da ke haifar da ciwon sukari insipidus.

Yawancin lokuta na ciwon sukari insipidus ana gadonsu. Tarihin iyali na ciwon sukari insipidus babban haɗari ne.

• Polyuria: Ɗaya daga cikin alamun alamun ciwon sukari insipidus shine polyuria. Wannan fitsari ne da ya wuce kima da ya wuce lita 3 a rana kuma zai iya kaiwa lita 30 a cikin mafi tsanani lokuta.
• Polydispsia: Alamar siffa ta biyu ita ce polydipsia. Yana da hasashe mai tsananin ƙishirwa tsakanin lita 3 zuwa 30 kowace rana.
• Mahimman nocturia: Yana da yawa don polyuria da polydipsia su kasance tare da nocturia, buƙatar yin fitsari da dare.
• Dehydration: Idan babu kulawar da ta dace, ciwon sukari insipidus na iya haifar da rashin ruwa da rashin aikin jiki. Ana iya ganin hauhawar jini da girgiza.

Gudanarwa ya dogara da sigogi da yawa ciki har da nau'in ciwon sukari insipidus. Yana iya haɗawa da:

• isasshen ruwa;
• hana cin abinci gishiri da furotin;
• gudanarwa na vasopressin ko nau'ikan kamanni kamar desmopressin;
• gudanar da kwayoyin da ke motsa samar da vasopressin irin su thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, ko ma clofibrate;
• takamaiman magani da aka yi niyya ga gano dalilin.

Har ya zuwa yau, ba a samar da maganin rigakafi ba. A yawancin lokuta, ciwon sukari insipidus yana gado.