Ciwon daji na sigmoid colon

Sigmoid ciwon daji na iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Amma a cikin kashi 60% na lokuta ana samun shi a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya kimanin shekaru 50. A wannan yanayin, maza sun fi shafa.

Sigmoid colon yana sama da dubura a gefen hagu na ciki. Yana da siffar S. Saboda wannan ne bolus abinci, yana tafiya ta cikin hanji, ya daɗe a wannan yanki. Lokacin fallasa kayan sarrafa abinci ga mucosa gabobin yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yana ƙara damar haɓaka ciwon daji.

Menene sigmoid colon cancer

Sigmoid ciwon daji cuta ce ta oncological. A cikin kashi 95% na lokuta, nau'in neoplasm da aka samo shine adenocarcinoma. Ciwon daji yawanci yana tasowa a saman saman hanji - mucosa.

Bisa ga kididdigar, mafi yawan lokuta ana gano irin wannan ciwon daji a cikin matakai na ƙarshe. Cutar yana da wuyar ganewa a farkon matakan, sau da yawa ba ya jin kansa ko kadan. Yana da mahimmanci a mai da hankali kamar yadda zai yiwu ga duk alamun da ake tuhuma, tun da a cikin matakai na ƙarshe na ciwon daji na sigmoid colon ba za a iya magance shi ba. Mai haƙuri yana kawar da alamun bayyanar.

Rashin ingancin abinci da halayen cin abinci mara kyau suna shafar hanji. Sau da yawa, rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana haifar da maƙarƙashiya - stagnation na feces, raguwar motsin hanji.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji na sigmoid colon

Ciwon daji na sigmoid colon yana tsokane da dalilai da yawa. Haɗuwa da abubuwa da yawa na iya haifar da irin wannan cuta.

Halin yanayin halitta yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Idan daya daga cikin dangi ya riga ya kamu da ciwon daji na hanji, yiwuwar yin rashin lafiya zai fi girma. Har ila yau, akwai tsinkaya ga samuwar polyps - abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Amma bayan lokaci, za su iya juya zuwa wani m m.

Yana tsokana rashin lafiya da kuma m kumburi tafiyar matakai a cikin hanji - colitis, Crohn ta cuta da sauran pathologies.

Tare da shekaru, haɗarin ciwon sigmoid colon yana ƙaruwa. Amma ba shekaru ba ne dalilin, amma canji a cikin salon rayuwar mutum: ƙananan motsi, kiba, magani akai-akai.

Ga dukan mutane, yawan sha'awar abinci na carcinogenic, nama, da carbohydrates mai sauri zai zama haɗari. Ciwon daji yana haifar da barasa da shan taba.

Ci gaba da maye na jiki tare da samfurori na lalacewa, bayyanar da gubobi a kan mucosa na hanji yana haifar da ci gaban atypical na epithelium. Girman epithelium alama ce ta cewa polyp ya fara samuwa. Ana ɗaukar wannan yanayin precancer kuma ba tare da lura da magani ba, ana iya sake haifuwar polyp.

A cikin sigmoid colon, jini yana raguwa. Wannan kuma yana rage girman ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji, ta yadda za su iya ci gaba na dogon lokaci. bangon peritoneum baya bada izinin lura aƙalla wasu alamun haɓakar ƙari. Duk wannan, tare da rashin bayyanar cututtuka akai-akai, yana sa ciwon sigmoid ciwon daji yana da wuyar ganewa.

Matakan ciwon daji na sigmoid colon

Ciwon daji ya kasu kashi zuwa matakai dangane da rashin kula da cutar. Tare da kowane mataki, damar majiyyaci na rayuwa da tsawaita rayuwa bayan jiyya na akalla shekaru 5 yana raguwa.

Mataki na 0. Ana kuma kiransa "cancer in situ" - in situ. Wannan shine matakin farko na cutar. A wannan lokaci, tsarin pathological yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mucosa na hanji.

Mataki na 1. An riga an sami ci gaban ƙari a cikin mucosa, amma bai wuce shi ba. Yiwuwar warkewa a wannan matakin yana da girma sosai - a cikin 96 - 99% na lokuta.

Mataki na 2. An kasu kashi biyu dangane da yadda ciwace take girma.

• nau'in II-A - ƙwayoyin da aka shafa sun bazu cikin lumen na hanji, suna toshe shi da kusan rabin, yawan rayuwa shine kusan 95%;
• nau'in II-B - ciwon daji ya zurfafa cikin nama na bango na tsarin narkewa, amma ƙwayoyin metastatic ba su yada ba, yawan adadin rayuwa a cikin wannan nau'in ya ragu.

Mataki na 3. A wannan mataki ne metastases na iya bayyana. Mataki na 3 kuma an kasu kashi-kashi.

• nau'in III-A - ciwon daji ya yada cikin lumen na hanji, babu metastasis, amma ciwon daji yana da girma sosai wanda ya rufe kusan dukkanin lumen na hanji, an lura da tsinkaye mai kyau ga 58 - 60% na marasa lafiya;
• nau'in III-B - ƙwayar cuta ta shiga cikin ganuwar hanji, ana lura da metastases guda ɗaya zuwa ga nodes na lymph, yawan rayuwa kuma yana raguwa - kawai 40 - 45% na lokuta.

Mataki na 4. A mataki na ƙarshe, metastases ya bazu zuwa gabobin da ke nesa da nodes na lymph. Ciwon daji a lokaci guda yana zurfafa cikin kyallen jikin gabobin da ke kusa - galibi a cikin hanta. Yana da wuya a taimaka wa marasa lafiya a wannan mataki; kawai 8-10% na marasa lafiya zasu iya murmurewa.

A wannan mataki, akwai kuma rarraba zuwa nau'i-nau'i, tun da ciwon daji ya shafi wurare daban-daban.

• subtype 4A - ciwace-ciwacen daji yana tsiro ta kowane nau'in hanji, akwai aƙalla metastasis 1 mai nisa (alal misali, ga huhu), yayin da ƙwayoyin maƙwabta ba za su iya shafar su gaba ɗaya ba;
• subtype 4B - ƙwayar cuta gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare yana tsiro bangon hanji, akwai aƙalla 1 metastasis zuwa gabobin da ke nesa ko da yawa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, ana iya samun ko a'a ga gabobin da ke kusa;
• subtype 4C - ciwon daji ya girma ta bangon hanji gaba daya. Akwai metastases a cikin gabobin da ke kusa, kumburin zai iya yaduwa zuwa sassa masu nisa na peritoneum, ƙila ba za a sami metastases mai nisa ba.

Alamomin ciwon sigmoid colon cancer

A cikin matakan farko, ƙila ba za a sami alamun komai ba, kuma wannan shine haɗarin cutar. Wadannan alamomin da suka bayyana sau da yawa suna rikicewa da wasu cututtuka ko kuma ba sa zuwa wurin likita kwata-kwata.

Ciwon daji na sigmoid colon yana iya bayyana ta hanyar flatulence, belching, rumbling a cikin ciki. Zawo da maƙarƙashiya sau da yawa suna canzawa. Ƙunƙarar ƙumburi da jini na iya bayyana a cikin najasa - yawancin suna rikita wannan tare da basur. Tare da ci gaba da ƙwayar cuta, ciwo a cikin ciki, rashin jin daɗi a lokacin motsin hanji, jin daɗin rashin cikawa na hanji yana damuwa.

A cikin matakai na gaba na cutar, alamun bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana: gajiya, yawan tashin zuciya, zazzabi, ciwon kai. Mutum ya rasa nauyi, ya rasa ci. Fatar ta zama launin toka ko rawaya, kodadde. Hanta na iya ƙara girma kuma haemoglobin da ke cikin jini ya ragu.

Maganin ciwon daji na sigmoid colon

Maganin irin wannan cuta koyaushe yana da rikitarwa - ba za ku iya yin tare da hanya ɗaya kawai ba, har ma mafi kyau. Magungunan zai haɗa da tiyata, radiotherapy da chemotherapy.

Ana ba da muhimmiyar rawa ga maganin tiyata. Idan ciwace karama ce kuma kwalayenta a bayyane, ana iya cire naman da ya shafa. A wani ɓangare ya zama dole don cire wani ɓangare na hanjin da ya shafa, da kuma ƙwayoyin lymph. Idan ƙwayar cuta ta kasance "mai sauƙi" - ƙananan da ƙananan, ana iya cire shi tare da hanya mai laushi. Ta hanyar ƙananan huda, ana shigar da endoscope, wanda ke guje wa tiyata na ciki.

A cikin maganin ciwon daji na mataki na ƙarshe a cikin lokuta masu tasowa, cikakken cirewar sigmoid colon ba makawa ne. Don cire feces da gas, an shigar da colostomy, wani lokacin don rayuwa, tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a cire kayan sarrafa abinci a hanyar da ta saba.

kanikancin

Dole ne jarrabawar ta kasance cikakke, yana da matukar haɗari don rikita cutar kansa da wasu cututtuka marasa haɗari.

Idan akwai gunaguni, likita na iya yin gwajin dijital na duburar. Bayan haka, an ba da izinin gwajin endoscopic: colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy. Hanyoyin suna da zafi, wani lokacin ana buƙatar maganin sa barci. Wasu marasa lafiya bai kamata a yi wa colonoscopy ba. A lokacin binciken, ana shigar da endoscope a cikin dubura, yana nazarin hanji. Hakanan suna ɗaukar biopsy na wuraren da ake tuhuma - zai yiwu a ƙayyade abun da ke ciki da tsarin ƙwayar cuta, iri-iri. Maganin kuma zai dogara da wannan.

Akwai ƙananan hanyoyi masu haɗari - irrigoscopy. Mai haƙuri yana ɗaukar maganin barium wanda ya cika hanji. Bayan haka, ana ɗaukar x-ray, wanda ke nuna tsarin hanji da lanƙwasa.

Ana amfani da duka duban dan tayi da MRI na rami na ciki. Tare da taimakonsu, zaku iya tantance girman ƙwayar cuta, kasancewar metastases. Gwajin jini don alamomin ƙari shima wajibi ne.

Magungunan zamani

Bugu da ƙari, maganin fiɗa, ƙwayar cutar ta fi shafa a hankali. Chemotherapy yana lalata nama da abin ya shafa kuma yana hana ƙari girma. Magunguna masu guba suna shafar jiki duka, amma maganin yana da tasiri sosai. Chemotherapy yana hana ci gaban ƙari kuma yana hana sake dawowa da cutar. An wajabta shi duka kafin da bayan tiyata don ƙarfafa tasirin.

Ana amfani da radiotherapy tare da taka tsantsan, saboda akwai haɗarin lalacewa ga bangon hanji. Hakanan yana da tasiri sosai a cikin ciwon daji na sigmoid colon.

Rigakafin ciwon sigmoid colon a gida

Ya kamata a duba dukkan mutane. Akwai kuma shirye-shiryen jihar don tantance kansar hanji - suna aiki ga duk wanda ya haura shekaru 50. Shirin ya haɗa da gwajin jini na fecal (wanda za'a yi a kowace shekara 2) da colonoscopy (kowane shekaru 5).

Yana da mahimmanci a kula da abincin ku, guje wa maƙarƙashiya da gudawa, rage cin nama da farin gari, da ƙarin kayan lambu da fiber. Wasanni, salon rayuwa mai aiki zai taimaka, in ba haka ba motsin hanji zai ragu.

Yana da mahimmanci kada a fara magani don cututtuka masu kumburi irin su colitis. Ka guji sigari da barasa.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Don kare kanku daga irin wannan cuta mai haɗari, ƙwace wa kanku da bayanai kuma ziyarci likita akan lokaci a ɗan zato. An amsa tambayoyi mafi mahimmanci game da ciwon daji na sigmoid colon mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali Yulia Tkachenko.