Biofeedback yana nufin dabaru da yawa dangane da auna ayyukan kwayoyin halitta, makasudin shine koyon yadda ake sarrafa su don inganta lafiyar mutum. A cikin wannan takarda, za ku gano wannan hanyar daki-daki, ka'idodinta, tarihinta, fa'idodi da yawa, yadda ake gudanar da zaman, yadda ake yin biofeedback kuma a ƙarshe, menene contraindications.

Biofeedback (wani lokaci ana kiransa biofeedback ko biofeedback) aikace-aikace ne na psychophysiology, horo wanda ke nazarin alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan kwakwalwa da ayyukan ilimin lissafi. A wasu kalmomi, shine kimiyyar hulɗar "jiki-hankali".

A gefe guda, masu ilimin psychophysiologists suna sha'awar yadda motsin rai da tunani ke shafar kwayoyin halitta. A daya bangaren kuma, suna nazarin yadda lura da daidaita ayyukan jiki na son rai (misali bugun zuciya) na iya yin tasiri ga sauran ayyuka (misali hawan jini) da halaye da halaye daban-daban.

Manufar ita ce mai sauƙi da kankare: don ba wa mara lafiya baya iko a kan jikinsa, ciki har da wasu abubuwan da ake kira ayyuka na rashin son rai, don hanawa ko magance jerin matsalolin lafiya.

Babban ka'idoji

Biofeedback ba magani ne kawai na magana ba. Maimakon haka, fasaha ce ta musamman ta sa baki. Ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin sarrafa kai ta hanyar amfani da na'urori (lantarki ko kwamfuta) azaman kayan aikin koyo (ko gyarawa). Waɗannan na'urori suna kamawa da haɓaka bayanan da jiki ke watsawa (zazzabi na jiki, bugun zuciya, ayyukan tsoka, raƙuman ƙwaƙwalwa, da sauransu) kuma suna fassara su zuwa siginar ji ko gani. Misali, muna kiran neurofeedback dabarar biofeedback wacce ke sanya igiyoyin kwakwalwa “bayyane”. Kuma mutum ya kira biofeedback ta hanyar electromyography (EMG) wanda ke ba da damar ganin a cikin hoto a cikin sigar lantarki da ke tare da aikin tsoka. Shaidar waɗannan sigina, majiyyaci don haka yana sarrafa ƙaddamar da saƙonnin jikinsa. Tare da taimakon mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, zai iya koyan canza yanayin halayensa. Wata rana ko wata, zai gudanar da maimaita kwarewar da kansa, a wajen ofishin.

Yawancin binciken kimiyya sun tabbatar da fa'idar wannan far. Biofeedback yana da tasiri musamman ga:

Rage ciwon kai (migraines da tashin hankali ciwon kai)

Yawancin binciken da aka buga sun kammala cewa biofeedback yana da tasiri wajen sauke waɗannan nau'ikan yanayi. Ko yana tare da annashuwa, haɗe tare da jiyya na ɗabi'a ko kadai, sakamakon binciken da yawa yana nuna inganci fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa, ko daidai da magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci yana da gamsarwa, tare da wasu nazarin wasu lokuta har zuwa nuna cewa ana ci gaba da ingantawa bayan shekaru 5 don 91% na marasa lafiya da migraines. Dabarun biofeedback da aka fi amfani dasu sune waɗanda ke yin la'akari da tashin hankali na tsoka (kai, wuya, kafadu), ayyukan electrodermal (amsar glandon gumi) ko zafin jiki na gefe.

Magance matsalar yoyon fitsari a cikin mata

Bisa ga binciken da yawa, motsa jiki da nufin ƙarfafa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ta amfani da biofeedback na iya taimakawa wajen rage lokutan rashin daidaituwa na damuwa (rashin fitsari a lokacin motsa jiki, misali lokacin motsa jiki ko tari). Dangane da rashin natsuwa da gaggawa (rasar fitsari ba da gangan ba da zaran kun ji buƙatar fitarwa), atisayen da ke da nufin haɓaka ƙarfin ajiyar mafitsara ta amfani da biofeedback shima yana haifar da raguwa. . A cewar wata ƙirƙira, matan da ba su da masaniya kan ingantacciyar hanyar da za a bi don ƙulla tsokoki na ƙashin ƙugu, za su amfana da yawa daga wannan dabarar (duba takardar mu ta yoyon fitsari).

Magance alamun da ke da alaƙa da maƙarƙashiya a cikin yara

Binciken wallafe-wallafen kimiyya da aka buga a cikin 2004 ya kammala cewa biofeedback zai iya zama tasiri a yawancin yanayi na maƙarƙashiya, musamman a cikin yara. Misali, nazarin yara 43 ya nuna fifikon kulawar likitanci na yau da kullun tare da biofeedback. Bayan watanni 7, ƙuduri na bayyanar cututtuka ya shafi 55% na yara a cikin ƙungiyar gwaji, idan aka kwatanta da 5% don ƙungiyar kulawa; kuma bayan watanni 12, 50% da 16% bi da bi. Dangane da daidaita motsin bayan gida, adadin ya kai kashi 77% sabanin 13% bi da bi.

Magance ciwon ciki na yau da kullun a cikin manya

A cikin 2009, meta-bincike ya kammala cewa biofeedback a cikin maganin maƙarƙashiya ya fi amfani da wasu jiyya, kamar shan laxative, placebo ko allura na botox.

Rage alamun Rashin Kula da Haɓakawa (ADHD)

Yawancin karatu suna nuna ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin alamun ADHD na farko (rashin kulawa, haɓakawa da haɓakawa) kuma a cikin daidaitattun gwaje-gwajen hankali. Kwatancen da aka yi da magani mai inganci kamar Ritalin (methylphenidate ko dextroamphetamine) yana jadada daidaito da wani lokacin har ma da fifikon EEG biofeedback akan wannan jiyya ta al'ada. Bugu da ƙari, marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa haɗuwa da biofeedback tare da sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya inganta tasirin maganin.

Magance rashin natsuwa

Biofeedback ya bayyana yana da aminci, mai araha, kuma yana da tasiri wajen magance irin wannan matsalar. Binciken wallafe-wallafen kimiyya ya nuna cewa wata dabara ce ta zabi da aka yi amfani da ita fiye da shekaru 20 a duniyar likitanci. Dangane da sigogi na jiki, yawancin fa'idodin da aka ruwaito akai-akai shine jin daɗin cikawa na dubura da kuma haɓaka ƙarfi da haɗin kai na sphincters. Yawancin labaran da aka buga suna ƙarewa da cikakkiyar nacewa ko raguwar 75% zuwa 90% a yawan lokutan rashin natsuwa. 

Bugu da ƙari, wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa biodfeedback zai iya zama da amfani wajen rage rashin barci, rage alamun da ke da alaka da fribromyalgia, magance matsalolin urinary a cikin yara, taimakawa wajen magance ciwon fuka, kawar da ciwo, rage ciwon farfadiya, magance rashin barci, rage zafi da rashin jin daɗi saboda dadewa aiki a kwamfuta, bi da cardiac arrhythmia ko ma rage zafi a marasa lafiya da ci-gaba ciwon daji.

Biofeedback wata dabara ce wacce gabaɗaya wani ɓangare ne na ƙarin cikakkiyar jiyya, irin su jiyya na ɗabi'a ko gyaran physiotherapeutic. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa tare da wasu fasahohi kamar shakatawa da motsa jiki masu dacewa.

Kwararren

ƙwararrun ƙwararru ne kawai a cikin lafiya, ilimin halin ɗan adam da wasu ilimin zamantakewa (shirya, alal misali) waɗanda ke riƙe da digiri na jami'a ko makamancin haka zasu iya samun damar wannan ƙwarewar.

Darasi na zama

Ko wane nau'in magani, zaman biofeedback yana da 'yan kaɗan: yana faruwa a cikin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali; wani lokaci ana kunna kida mai laushi; majiyyaci yana zaune cikin jin daɗi, ko kwance, kuma yana mai da hankali kan sigina na gani ko na gani da mai saka idanu ke watsawa daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka sanya a wurare masu mahimmanci a jikinsu (sake, ya danganta da yankin jikin da za a bi da shi da nau'in 'na'urar). ). Mai aikin yana aiki azaman jagora. Yana taimaka wa majiyyaci don sanin halayensa na physiological (haɓaka jijiya, zafin jiki, bugun zuciya, numfashi, juriya na tsoka, da dai sauransu) bisa ga bayanan da na'urar ta yi masa. Yana ba da bayanai da ƙarfafawa kuma yana taimaka wa marasa lafiya su yi amfani da sababbin ƙwarewar su a kullum. A cikin rayuwarsa ta al'ada, don haka majiyyaci ya kamata ya iya yin aiki a kan jikinsa, wato ya gyara halayensa ko halayensa ba tare da taimakon na'urorin ba. A ƙarshen zaman biofeedback, yawanci kuna jin ƙarin ikon sarrafa jikin ku. Lura cewa biofeedback yana nufin ƙwazo da juriya marasa lafiya. Tabbas, da zarar an tabbatar da ganewar asali, ba sabon abu ba ne don ƙidaya zaman 10 zuwa 40 na sa'a 1 don tabbatar da sakamako mai gamsarwa, musamman ma sakamako mai dorewa.

Kasance mai aiki a cikin Biofeedback

A cikin Amurka, Cibiyar Takaddun shaida ta Biofeedback ta Amurka (BCIA), wacce aka kafa a cikin 1981, tana kula da ayyukan biofeedback. Ƙungiya ta kafa saitin ƙa'idodi waɗanda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun yakamata su bi, kuma suna ba da darussan horon biofeedback da yawa a duk faɗin Amurka.

A Quebec, babu wata makaranta da ke bayar da horon da BCIA ta amince da shi. A cikin harshen Faransanci na Turai, wannan dabarar ita ma ba ta da yawa, ko da akwai ƙungiyar ƙasa a Faransa da ake kira Association pour l'Enseignement du Biofeedback Therapeutique (duba Shafukan sha'awa).

Contraindications na Biofeedback

Ba a ba da shawarar biofeedback ga mutane masu na'urar bugun zuciya, mata masu juna biyu da masu ciwon farfaɗiya ba.

An kirkiro kalmar biofeedback a cikin 1969, amma gwaje-gwajen farko a bayan fasahar sun fara shekaru 10 a baya.

A lokacin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da na'urar lantarki (na'urar da ke ɗaukar igiyoyin kwakwalwa), masu bincike sun gano cewa mahalarta suna iya samar da igiyoyin alpha a cikin kwakwalwarsu da kansu, don haka suna nutsewa cikin yanayin da suka so. na shakatawa mai zurfi. Daga nan za a gwada ƙa'idar, sannan a yi amfani da su zuwa wasu fannonin ilimin halittar ɗan adam, kuma ana bin fasaha. Yanzu akwai nau'ikan na'urori da yawa, kowanne an tsara su don auna ɗaya ko ɗaya daga cikin martanin ilimin halittar jiki da ke da alaƙa da matsaloli da cututtuka.

A yau, biofeedback ba ta zama madaidaicin ma'aikatan magani da masana ilimin halin dan Adam ba. Kwararrun kiwon lafiya da yawa, irin su likitocin motsa jiki, masu ba da shawara da ƙwararrun likitancin wasanni sun haɗa wannan dabara cikin ayyukansu.