Kifin Beluga: bayyanar, nauyi, wurin zama, matsayin kiyayewa

Beluga shine kifi mafi girma da ake iya samu a cikin ruwan duniyarmu. Dangane da bayanan hukuma, tsawonsa zai iya kaiwa mita 4,5 kuma yana auna kilo 1500. Kodayake, akwai shaidar cewa sun kama beluga sau 2 mafi girma. A kowane hali, irin waɗannan bayanan sun nuna cewa beluga shine mafi girman wakilin dangin sturgeon.

A zamaninmu, irin waɗannan nau'o'in wani abu ne daga yanayin fantasy. A ka'ida, daidaikun mutane suna cin karo da nauyin nauyin da bai wuce kilo 300 ba, wanda ke nuna wasu matsalolin da ke da alaka da yanayin rayuwar wannan katafaren koguna da teku.

Bayanin Beluga

Habitat

Ba fiye da shekaru 100 da suka wuce, an samo wannan giant a cikin basin na Caspian, Black, Azov da Adriatic. A zamanin yau, ana iya samun shi kawai a cikin Basin Bahar Maliya, ko kuma a cikin kogin Danube, da kuma a cikin Tekun Caspian, kawai a cikin Urals. A cikin basin Teku na uXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov, kuma mafi daidai a cikin kogin Volga, ana samun ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in beluga, adadin wanda aka kiyaye shi ta hanyar wucin gadi.

Tun da kasashe da yawa suna tsunduma cikin kiwo na kifaye na wucin gadi, yawan mutanen Beluga bai ragu ba a cikin ruwa na Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Serbia da Turkiyya. Kuma wannan ya faru ne saboda matakan dawo da adadin wannan kifi sun mamaye wuri na musamman wajen magance irin waɗannan matsalolin. A matakin jiha ne kawai ake iya magance irin wadannan matsaloli masu sarkakiya.

Appearance

Bayyanar beluga yana tunawa da kamanninsa da nau'in kifi na sturgeon. Abubuwan ban mamaki sun haɗa da:

• Babban babban baki.
• Ba wani katon hanci mai kauri ba.
• Karu na farko, wanda yake a baya, ƙarami ne.
• Tsakanin gills akwai membrane da ke haɗa su.

An bambanta Beluga da fadi, jiki mai nauyi na siffar zagaye, wanda aka zana a cikin launin toka-toka. Ciki ba shi da fari-fari a launi, wani lokaci tare da launin rawaya. A kan katon jiki akwai babban kai. Wuraren da ke ƙasa da hanci suna kama da kayan haɗi kamar ganye yayin da suke haɗuwa tare.

Beluga wani lokaci yana yin hulɗa tare da danginsa, irin su sterlet, spike, sturgeon na Rasha. A sakamakon haka, ana samun hybrids wanda a waje yana da wasu bambance-bambancen da ke hade da tsarin jiki, gills ko launi. Duk da haka, hybrids ba su bambanta a cikin hali daga danginsu.

halayyar

Beluga kifi ne wanda ke da halaye na musamman tsakanin wakilan wannan nau'in. Akwai nau'i biyu waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin lokacin ƙaura na spawning da kuma tsawon lokacin zama a cikin ruwa mai dadi. A cikin teku, beluga ya fi son yin rayuwa ta kaɗaici, kuma kasancewa a cikin kogin, yana tara garkuna da yawa. Hakan ya faru ne saboda ta zo rafi don hayayyafa, kuma a cikin tekun kawai ta ci gaba da girma.

Diet

Beluga kifi ne mai farauta kuma ya fara jagorantar wannan hanyar rayuwa da wuri. Abincin ya hada da kifi irin su herring, carp, zander da gobies. Haka kuma beluga ba ya kyamar hadiye dan uwanta idan karami ne kuma ya yi shakka a wani wuri.

Baya ga kifi, tana iya hadiye mollusks, tsuntsayen ruwa har ma da hatimin jarirai idan ta kai girman da ya dace. Masana sun yi ittifakin cewa hijirar beluga tana da alaƙa da ƙauran abincinta.

Ciyarwa

Ɗaya daga cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i yana haifuwa kafin ɗayan. Lokacin haifuwar sa ya yi daidai da matsakaicin matakin ruwan bazara a cikin koguna. A lokaci guda, yawan zafin jiki na ruwa zai iya kaiwa + 8- + 17 digiri. Wani nau'in nau'in nau'in ya zo don haifuwa daga teku a wani wuri a cikin watan Agusta. Bayan haka, mutane suna hibernate a cikin ramuka masu zurfi, kuma suna farawa a cikin bazara. Beluga ya fara haifuwa yana da shekaru 15-17, bayan ya kai kimanin kilogiram 50.

Beluga yana tsiro a zurfin akalla mita 10. A lokaci guda kuma, ta zaɓi wuraren da ke da ƙasa mai ƙaƙƙarfan dutse kuma tare da hanzari mai sauri, wanda ke ba da wurin spawning tare da iskar oxygen.

Kifayen da ke zaune a cikin teku suna shiga koguna don hayayyafa, don haka ake kiran su ƙaura. Kasancewa cikin ruwa mai dadi, ta ci gaba da ciyarwa sosai. Bayan ta haihu, da zarar soya ya bayyana daga cikin kwai, sai ta dawo cikin teku tare da su. Beluga yana girma sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3. Haka kuma, akwai nau'in jinsin da ke rayuwa a cikin koguna kullum kuma ba sa yin hijira ta nesa.

Kamun kifi na kasuwanci

Kwanan nan, beluga yana da sha'awar masana'antu kuma an kama shi da sauri. Saboda haka, irin wannan nau'in kifi yana gab da ƙarewa.

Tunda wannan kifin na iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya, kamansa yana da iyaka sosai a duk ƙasashen duniya. A wasu ƙasashe, an haramta kama shi kwata-kwata. An jera Beluga a cikin Jajayen Littafi Mai Tsarki a matsayin jinsin da ke gab da ƙarewa. A wasu ƙasashe, yana halatta a kama shi ƙarƙashin lasisi na musamman kuma don dalilai na binciken kimiyya kawai. Ana kama wannan kifi da kafaffen gidajen sauro ko rafuffuka.

beluga caviar

Beluga black caviar shine samfurin abinci mafi tsada a yau. Kudinsa na iya kaiwa Yuro dubu da dama a kowace kilogiram. Caviar da ake samu a kasuwanni ko dai na jabu ne ko kuma an same shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.

Abubuwan Ban sha'awa na Beluga

1. Beluga na iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 100, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake la'akari da shi daya daga cikin kifi mafi dadewa a duniya.
2. Iyaye ba su damu da zuriyarsu ba. Bugu da ƙari, ba su damu da yin liyafa ga danginsu ba.
3. Lokacin da beluga ya haihu, yana tsalle sama daga cikin ruwa. Har yanzu, wannan wani sirri ne da ba a warware ba.
4. Beluga, kamar shark, ba shi da ƙashi, kuma kwarangwal ɗinsa ya ƙunshi guringuntsi, wanda a cikin shekaru ya zama mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
5. Mace na iya samun caviar da yawa. Don haka, mutum mai nauyin kilogiram 1200 zai iya samun kilogiram 150 na caviar.
6. A cikin kogin Amur, akwai nau'in nau'i na kusa - kaluga, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon kimanin mita 5 kuma yana auna har zuwa 1000 kg. Ƙoƙarin da masana kimiyya suka yi na haye Kaluga da Beluga ya ƙare ba kome ba.

Duba batutuwan adanawa

A cewar masana kimiyya, yawan mutanen Beluga ya ragu da kashi 90% a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata. Saboda haka, bisa ga irin waɗannan sakamakon bincike, za mu iya ɗauka cewa wannan ba ko kaɗan ba ne sakamakon ta'aziyya. Komawa a tsakiyar karni na karshe, kimanin mutane 25 sun shiga cikin Volga don haifuwa, kuma a farkon karni na wannan adadin an rage zuwa 3 dubu.

Haka kuma, duk wadannan matakai suna faruwa ne bisa ga babban yunƙurin da ɗan adam ke yi don kiyaye yawan nau'in aƙalla a matsayi ɗaya. Manyan dalilan da suka haddasa raguwar lambobi sune kamar haka.

1. Gina tashoshin wutar lantarki. Kasancewar manyan madatsun ruwa baya barin kifaye su tashi zuwa wuraren haifuwarsu. Irin wannan tsarin a zahiri ya yanke hanyoyin motsi na beluga a cikin kogunan Austria, Croatia, Hungary da Slovakia.
2. ayyukan mafarauta. Isasshen farashin naman wannan kifi da caviar nasa suna da sha'awa ga mutanen da suka saba samun kudi ba bisa ka'ida ba. Tun da sun kama manyan mutane waɗanda ke iya haifuwa da yawa zuriya, lalacewar tana da matuƙar mahimmanci. A sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyuka, jama'ar Adriatic sun ɓace gaba ɗaya.
3. Cin zarafin muhalli. Tun da beluga na iya rayuwa na tsawon lokaci, a wannan lokacin abubuwa masu cutarwa suna taruwa a jikinta waɗanda ke shiga cikin ruwa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, kamar magungunan kashe qwari. Irin wannan sinadari yana shafar ayyukan haifuwa na kifi.

Mutum zai iya fatan cewa har yanzu mutane za su iya adana irin wannan nau'in kifi, wanda yake da girman girma, ga zuriyarsu.