Bacteremia yana bayyana ta kasancewar kwayoyin cuta a cikin jini. Yana iya zama sakamakon wasu ayyuka na yau da kullun kamar goge haƙora, maganin haƙora ko hanyoyin likita, ko kuma yana iya zama sanadin cututtuka irin su ciwon huhu ko ciwon huhu. Yawancin lokaci, bacteremia ba ya tare da kowace alamar cututtuka, amma wani lokaci kwayoyin cuta suna taruwa a wasu kyallen takarda ko gabobin kuma suna da alhakin cututtuka masu tsanani. Mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin rikitarwa daga ƙwayoyin cuta ana bi da su da maganin rigakafi kafin wasu jiyya na hakori da hanyoyin likita. Idan ana zargin bacteremia, ana ba da shawarar sarrafa maganin rigakafi. Sannan ana gyara jiyya bisa sakamakon al'adu da gwaje-gwajen hankali.

Bacteremia yana bayyana ta kasancewar kwayoyin cuta a cikin jini. Jini a haƙiƙanin haƙiƙanin ruwa ne marassa lafiyar halitta. Don haka gano ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini shine a priori na al'ada. Bacteremia ana gano shi ta hanyar al'adar jini, wato noman jini mai yawo.

Matsakaicin shekarun marasa lafiya da bacteremia shine shekaru 68. Yawancin kwayoyin cuta sune mono-microbial (94%), wato saboda kasancewar nau'in kwayoyin cuta guda daya. Sauran 6% na polymicrobial ne. Babban ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ware, a cikin yanayin cutar bacteremia, sune Escherichia coli (31%) da Staphylococcus aureus (15%), da 52% na ƙwayoyin cuta na asalin nosocomial (enterobacteria, Staphylococcus aureus).

Bacteremia na iya haifar da wani abu mara lahani kamar goge haƙoranka da ƙarfi ko kuma ta wata cuta mai tsanani.

Bacteremia ba tare da pathological ba

Sun dace da taƙaitaccen fitar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin jini da aka lura sakamakon ayyukan yau da kullun a cikin mutane masu lafiya:

• a lokacin narkewa kwayoyin cuta na iya shiga cikin jini daga hanji;
• bayan gogewar haƙori mai ƙarfi, lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke zaune a cikin gumis ke “turawa” cikin jini;
• bayan wasu magunguna irin su cirewar hakori ko gyale, inda kwayoyin cutar da ke cikin gyambo za su iya wargajewa su shiga cikin jini;
• bayan endoscopy na narkewa;
• bayan sanya catheter na genitourinary ko catheter na ciki. Kodayake ana amfani da dabarun aseptic, waɗannan hanyoyin na iya ƙaura kwayoyin cuta zuwa cikin jini;
• bayan alluran magungunan motsa jiki, saboda allurar da ake amfani da su yawanci suna gurbata da kwayoyin cuta, kuma masu amfani da su ba sa tsaftace fatar jikinsu sosai.

Pathological bacteremia

Sun yi daidai da kamuwa da cuta na gama-gari wanda ke da tarin tarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini daga farkon kamuwa da cuta, biyo bayan ciwon huhu, rauni ko ma kamuwa da cutar urinary. Misali, yin tiyatar raunukan da suka kamu da cutar, da kurajen fuska wato tarin majibi, da gadaje, na iya wargaza kwayoyin cutar da ke wurin da cutar ta haifar da cutar bakteriya. 

Dangane da hanyoyin pathophysiological, bacteremia na iya zama:

• na wucin gadi ga thromboembolic da endocarditic bacteremia: fitar da fitar ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ana maimaita su;
• ci gaba da cutar bacteremia na asalin lymphatic kamar brucellosis ko zazzabin typhoid.

Samun haɗin gwiwa ko na roba, ko samun matsala tare da bawul ɗin zuciya, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta mai tsayi ko haɗarin cewa shine dalilin matsaloli. .

Yawanci, bacteremia da ke haifar da al'amura na yau da kullun, kamar maganin haƙora, ba kasafai ke da alhakin kamuwa da cuta ba, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne kawai ke nan kuma jikin da kansa yakan kawar da su da sauri. , Godiya ga tsarin phagocytes-mononuclear (hanta, splin, marrow kashi), ko a wasu kalmomi, godiya ga tsarin mu na rigakafi.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sannan gabaɗaya na ɗan lokaci ne kuma ba sa tare da kowace alamar cututtuka. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, ba tare da sakamako ga mafi yawan mutane ba, na iya gabatar da haɗari a cikin yanayin cutar valvular ko kuma rashin ƙarfi na rigakafi. Idan kwayoyin cutar suna da tsayi sosai kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa, musamman ma marasa lafiya masu raunin tsarin rigakafi, kwayoyin cutar na iya haifar da wasu cututtuka kuma wani lokaci suna haifar da amsa mai tsanani ko sepsis.

Bacteremia da wasu yanayi ke haifarwa na iya haifar da zazzabi. Idan mai ciwon bacteremia yana da alamomi masu zuwa, mai yiwuwa suna fama da sepsis ko septic shock:

• zazzabi mai tsayi;
• ƙara yawan bugun zuciya;
• sanyi;
• ƙananan hawan jini ko hypotension;
• bayyanar cututtuka na gastrointestinal kamar ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya, amai da gudawa;
• saurin numfashi ko tachypnée;
• rashin sani, mai yiwuwa tana fama da sepsis ko septic shock.

Septic shock yana tasowa a cikin 25 zuwa 40% na marasa lafiya tare da ƙwayar cuta mai mahimmanci. Kwayoyin da ba a kawar da su ta hanyar rigakafi na iya taruwa a wurare daban-daban na jiki, suna haifar da cututtuka a:

• nama da ke rufe kwakwalwa (meningitis);
• ambulan waje na zuciya (pericarditis);
• Kwayoyin da ke rufe magudanar zuciya (endocarditis);
• kashi kashi (osteomyelitis);
• gidajen abinci (cututtukan arthritis).
  

rigakafin

Wasu mutane irin su masu zuwa suna cikin haɗarin haɗari daga ƙwayoyin cuta:

• mutanen da ke da bawul ɗin zuciya na wucin gadi;
• mutanen da ke da haɗin gwiwa;
• mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya marasa al'ada.

Yawancin lokaci ana magance su da maganin rigakafi kafin kowace hanya da za ta iya zama alhakin bacteremia kamar wasu kulawar hakori, hanyoyin likitanci, tiyatar raunukan da suka kamu da cutar da dai sauransu. Kwayoyin rigakafi na iya hana ƙwayoyin cuta kuma saboda haka ci gaban cututtuka da sepsis.

Jiyya

Idan akwai tuhuma na bacteremia, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da maganin rigakafi a cikin empirically, wato ba tare da jiran gano ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ake tambaya ba, bayan sun ɗauki samfurori don al'adun wuraren asali. m. Sauran maganin sun ƙunshi:

• daidaita maganin rigakafi dangane da sakamakon al'adu da gwajin cutarwa;
• magudanar ruwa ta hanyar tiyata, idan akwai kuraje;
• cire duk na'urorin ciki waɗanda maiyuwa zama tushen ƙwayoyin cuta.