Kalmar “atherogenic” tana nufin abubuwa ko abubuwan da ke iya haifar da atheroma, ko ajiyar plaques da aka yi da LDL-cholesterol, ƙwayoyin kumburi da harsashi mai fibrous. Wannan al'amari yana da haɗari musamman idan jijiyar ta ba da muhimmiyar gaɓa kamar zuciya ko ƙwaƙwalwa. Shi ne sanadin yawancin cututtuka na zuciya, ciki har da bugun jini da ciwon zuciya. Rigakafin sa na farko ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ingantacciyar tsafta da halaye na abinci. Ana ba da rigakafin na biyu ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka ko rikitarwa. A wannan yanayin, manufar ita ce rage haɗarin sabon rikitarwa, a kan yanki ɗaya ko a wani yanki na jijiyoyin jini.

Kalmar “atherogenic” tana nufin abubuwa ko abubuwan da ke iya haifar da atheroma, wato ajiya na plaques da aka yi da lipids, ƙwayoyin kumburi, ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi da nama mai haɗawa. Wadannan allunan suna jingina kansu ga bangon ciki na matsakaita da manyan arteries, musamman na zuciya, kwakwalwa da kafafu, kuma suna haifar da gyare-gyare na gida na kamanni da yanayin wadannan bangon. 

Zubar da waɗannan allunan na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani kamar cututtukan jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar haifar da:

• thickening da asarar elasticity na arterial bango (atherosclerosis);
• raguwa a diamita na artery (stenosis). Wannan al'amari zai iya kaiwa fiye da 70% na diamita na artery. Wannan shi ake kira m stenosis;
• wani bangare ko jimlar toshewar jijiya (thrombosis).

Muna magana ne game da abinci mai atherogenic don zayyana abinci mai wadatar kitse, irin su abincin yammaci wanda ke da wadatar kitse mai kitse da trans fatty acids bin hydrogenation na fatty acid ta hanyar sarrafa masana'antu.

Haɓaka plaques na atheroma na iya zama saboda dalilai da yawa, amma babban dalilin shine wuce haddi cholesterol a cikin jini, ko hypercholesterolemia. Lallai, ƙirƙirar plaque na atheromatous ya dogara da ma'auni tsakanin cin abinci na cholesterol, matakin yawo da kuma kawar da shi.

A tsawon lokacin rayuwa, hanyoyin da yawa za su fara haifar da ɓarna a bangon arterial, musamman a wuraren bifurcation:

• hauhawar jini na jijiya wanda, ban da aikin injiniyarsa akan bango, yana canza kwararar lipoproteins na cikin salula;
• abubuwan vasomotor, irin su angiotensin da catecholamines, waɗanda ke gudanar da fallasa ƙananan ƙwayoyin endothelial;
• abubuwan hypoxiant, irin su nicotine, wanda ke haifar da damuwa ta salula wanda ke haifar da yaduwar haɗin gwiwar salula.

Wadannan karya za su ba da izinin shiga cikin bangon jijiya na ƙananan lipoproteins kamar HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) da LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) lipoproteins. LDL-cholesterol, wanda aka fi sani da "mummunan cholesterol", wanda ke cikin jini na iya haɓakawa. Don haka yana haifar da raunin farko na farko, wanda ake kira lipid streaks. Waɗannan adibas ne waɗanda ke samar da hanyoyin lipid masu tasowa akan bangon ciki na jijiya. Kadan kadan, LDL-cholesterol yana oxidizes a can kuma ya zama mai kumburi ga bangon ciki. Don kawar da shi, na ƙarshe yana ɗaukar macrophages waɗanda ke cike da LDL-cholesterol. Baya ga kowane tsari na tsari, macrophages sun zama masu girma, suna mutuwa ta hanyar apoptosis yayin da suke cikin tarko. Tsarin al'ada na kawar da tarkacen salula ba zai iya shiga tsakani ba, suna tarawa a cikin plaque atheroma wanda ke girma a hankali. Dangane da wannan tsari, ƙwayoyin tsoka masu santsi na bangon jijiyoyin jini suna ƙaura zuwa cikin plaque a ƙoƙarin keɓance wannan gungu mai kumburi. Za su samar da fibrous sreed wanda ya ƙunshi zaruruwan collagen: gaba ɗaya yana samar da faranti mai ƙarfi ko ƙasa da ƙasa. A ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, macrophages plaque suna samar da proteases masu iya narkar da collagen da ƙwayoyin tsoka masu santsi ke samarwa. Lokacin da wannan al'amari mai kumburi ya zama na yau da kullum, aikin proteases a kan filaye yana inganta gyaran gyare-gyaren da ya zama mai rauni kuma zai iya rushewa. A wannan yanayin, bangon ciki na jijiya na iya fashe. platelets na jini suna haɗuwa tare da tarkacen salula da kuma lipids da suka taru a cikin plaque don samar da gudan jini, wanda zai rage gudu sannan kuma ya toshe kwararar jini.

Ruwan cholesterol a cikin jiki yana samuwa ta LDL da HDL lipoproteins waɗanda ke ɗaukar cholesterol, daga abinci a cikin jini, daga hanji zuwa hanta ko arteries, ko daga arteries zuwa hanta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, lokacin da muke son tantance haɗarin atherogenic, muna ɗaukar waɗannan lipoproteins kuma muna kwatanta adadin su:

• Idan akwai yawancin lipoproteins na LDL, waɗanda ke ɗaukar cholesterol zuwa arteries, haɗarin yana da yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake kira LDL-cholesterol atherogenic;
• Wannan hadarin yana raguwa lokacin da matakin jini na HDL lipoproteins, wanda ke tabbatar da dawowar cholesterol zuwa hanta inda aka sarrafa shi kafin a kawar da shi, yana da yawa. Don haka, HDL-HDL-cholesterol ya cancanci a matsayin mai kare lafiyar zuciya lokacin da matakinsa ya yi girma, kuma azaman haɗarin cututtukan zuciya lokacin da matakinsa yayi ƙasa.

Yin kauri na atheromatous plaques na iya tsoma baki a hankali tare da kwararar jini kuma ya haifar da bayyanar alamun gida:

• zafi;
• dizziness;
• rashin numfashi;
• rashin kwanciyar hankali lokacin tafiya, da sauransu.

Mummunan rikice-rikice na atherosclerosis suna tasowa ne daga fashewar plaques na atherosclerotic, wanda ke haifar da samuwar guda ɗaya ko thrombus, wanda ke toshe kwararar jini kuma yana haifar da ischemia, sakamakon wanda zai iya zama mai tsanani ko kuma kisa. Za a iya shafar arteries na gabobin daban-daban:

• cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini, a cikin zuciya, tare da angina ko angina pectoris a matsayin alama, da kuma hadarin ciwon zuciya;
• carotids, a cikin wuyansa, tare da haɗarin haɗari na cerebrovascular (bugun jini);
• aorta na ciki, a ƙarƙashin diaphragm, tare da haɗarin fashewar aneurysm;
• arteries masu narkewa, a cikin hanji, tare da haɗarin ƙwayar cuta na mesenteric;
• arteries na koda, a matakin koda, tare da hadarin ciwon koda;
• arteries na ƙananan gaɓɓai tare da alamar raguwa na ƙananan ƙafafu.

Baya ga gado, jima'i da shekaru, rigakafin samuwar atheromatous plaques ya dogara da gyara abubuwan haɗarin zuciya na zuciya:

• sarrafa nauyi, hawan jini da ciwon sukari;
• daina shan taba;
• motsa jiki na yau da kullun;
• karbar kyawawan halaye na cin abinci;
• iyakance amfani da barasa;
• sarrafa damuwa, da dai sauransu.

Lokacin da plaque na atheromatous ba shi da mahimmanci kuma bai haifar da tasiri ba, wannan rigakafin farko na iya isa. Idan waɗannan matakan farko sun gaza, lokacin da plaque ya samo asali, ana iya ba da shawarar maganin magani. Hakanan za'a iya rubuta shi kai tsaye idan akwai haɗarin rikitarwa. An ba da shawarar da aka tsara don rigakafin biyu bayan taron farko na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Wannan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya haɗa da:

• magungunan antiplatelet, irin su aspirin a cikin ƙananan allurai, don rage jini;
• Magunguna masu rage yawan lipid (statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, cholestyramine, kadai ko a hade) tare da manufar rage mummunan matakan cholesterol, daidaita matakan cholesterol da daidaitawa atheromatous plaques.

Fuskanci da ci-gaba atheromatous plaques tare da m stenosis, revascularization ta jijiyoyin jini angioplasty za a iya la'akari. Wannan yana ba da damar fadada yankin atheromatous godiya ga balloon mai kumburi on-gizo a cikin jini tare da ischemia. Domin kiyaye budewa da dawo da kwararar jini, ana shigar da wata karamar na'ura mai suna stent sannan a bar ta a wurin.