Ataxia, menene?

Ataxia ba cuta ba ce a kanta, amma a alama wanda sakamakon lalacewa ga cerebellum (bangaren kwakwalwa da ke sarrafa daidaitawar tsokoki).

Ataxia ya ƙunshi asarar daidaituwa a cikin tsokoki na hannuwa da kafafu yayin motsi na son rai kamar tafiya ko kama abubuwa. Ataxia kuma na iya haifar da kumburi kalmomin shiga, da motsin ido da kumaiya hadiyewa. Ataxia kuma ana kiranta cerebellar ataxia ko ciwo na cerebellar.

Akwai kuma da dama bambancin naataxies gado. Waɗannan su ne cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke shafar cerebellum. Su ne mafi yawan lokaci degenerative, wato cewa da matsalolin daidaitawa zama mafi bayyana a kan lokaci.

Sanadin

Ataxia na iya haifar da yanayi da yawa:

• Un babban rauni. Lalacewar da ke haifarwa ga kashin baya ko kwakwalwa sakamakon hatsarin ababen hawa, misali.
• Hadarin cerebrovascular (stroke) ko an kai harin hari mai zurfi (TIA ko karamin bugun jini), wato toshewar wucin gadi na a jijiya cerebral wanda ke warwarewa ta halitta, ba tare da barin wani sakamako ba.
• A cizon kwari. Lalacewa ga kwakwalwa kafin, lokacin ko kuma jim kadan bayan haihuwa wanda ke shafar daidaitawar motsi.
• Matsalolin da ke biyo bayan a kamuwa da cuta kamar cutar sankarau ko cutar Epstein-Barr.
• Multiple sclerosis.
• Halin mai guba ga karafa masu nauyi, kamar gubar ko mercury ko kaushi.
• A dauki ga wasu magunguna, kamar barbiturates (misali phenobarbital) ko magani (misali benzodiazepines), ana amfani da su don magance damuwa, tashin hankali ko rashin barci.
• Shaye-shayen kwayoyi ko barasa.
• Cututtukan narkewa.
• Rashin bitamin.
• A tumo, ciwon daji ko rashin lafiya wanda ke shafar cerebellum.

Mafi rinjayen ataxias na gado yana haifar da kwayar halitta daga iyaye ɗaya.

Misali:

• THEspinocerebellar ataxia. Akwai kusan bambance-bambancen 36 (wanda aka zana SCA1 zuwa SCA30) na cutar, wanda ke da shekaru daban-daban na farawa da gabobin da suka shafi daban-daban ban da cerebellum (misali ido).
• THEataxia episodic. Akwai nau'ikan 7 na episodic ataxias (wanda aka tsara EA1 zuwa EA7) waɗanda ke bayyana azaman hare-hare masu haɗari da ke shafar daidaituwa da daidaituwa.

Gada recessive ataxias na faruwa ne ta hanyar kwayar halitta daga iyaye biyu.

Misali:

• THEataxia de Friedreich.

Wannan gada ci gaba neuromuscular cuta haddasawa rage samar da makamashi a jiki. Jijiya da Kwayoyin zuciya sun fi shafa. Mutane da tafiya mara kyau, dimauta kuma daya rashin magana, wanda ke bayyana a lokacin ƙuruciya ko farkon samartaka. Wadannan rashin daidaituwa suna haifar da canje-canje na kwarangwal, kamar karkatar da kashin baya (scoliosis), karkatar da ƙafafu, da kuma kara girman zuciya. A Turai, kusan 1 cikin 50 mutane ana tunanin suna dauke da cutar. A Faransa, akwai kusan marasa lafiya 000.

• THEataxia Spastic Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS).

Wannan cututtukan da ba a saba gani ba musamman ga mutane daga yankunan Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean da Charlevoix a Quebec. Yana haifar da a lalatawar kashin baya, tare da ci gaba da lalacewa ga jijiyoyi na gefe. Kimanin mutane 250 ne ke fama da wannan cuta a yankunan da cutar ta shafa. Kusan 1 cikin mutane 22 suna ɗauke da kwayar halittar ARSACS a waɗannan wuraren.

• Theataxia telangiectasia ko Louis-Bar Syndrome.

Wannan cututtukan da ba a saba gani ba suna shafar locomotion, da jini (dilation) da kuma rigakafi da tsarin. Cutar takan bayyana ne a shekara 1 ko 2. An kiyasta mitar ta kusan 1 cikin 40 zuwa 000 na haihuwa a duniya.

Har ila yau, wani lokacin yana iya faruwa cewa babu iyaye da ke fama da cutar kuma a cikin wannan yanayin babu tarihin iyali (mutation na shiru).